构词法(优质课件)

构词法构词法 (Word Formation)构词法 (Word Format1If you meet the new words while reading,what will you do?Its not always necessary to understand the meaning of every word,just go on reading!Guess the meaning!If you meet the new words whil2 When we deal with the problems in reading comprehension,we can use Word Formation to help us,but the context(上下文，语境上下文，语境)is also very important.When we deal with the pr31.I will not make friends with a dishonest person.3.A bad-looking pickpocket stole my wallet根据根据构词法构词法猜词猜词 首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。等。小小结结dis+honest 不诚实的不诚实的pick+pocket 扒手扒手1.I will not make friends wit4构词法构词法派生法派生法（Derivation）合成法合成法(Compounding)转化法转化法（Conversion）缩略法缩略法（Abbreviation）able unable;teach teacherspace+ship spaceshipvisit v.visit n.Do it yourself.DIY构词法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compound5Guess6合成词合成词 Compoundpain-killer合成词 Compoundpain-killer止痛药7color-blindcolor-blind色盲8sleep-walksleep-walkersleep-walk梦游sleep-walker9二、二、合成法合成法（Compounding）class+room=classroomblack+board=blackboard warm+heart+ed=warmhearted 把两个或两个以上独立的词合成把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。一个新词。二、合成法（Compounding）class+room10合成词汇展厅合成词汇展厅一一.合成合成名词名词二二.合成合成动词动词三三.合成合成形容词形容词四四.合成合成副词副词五五.合成合成代词代词合成词汇展厅一.合成名词11一一.合成名词合成名词例词例词class+room名词名词名词名词构成方式构成方式 black+board 形容词名词形容词名词hand+writing;名词名词+动名词（动名词（V-ing）waiting+room;动名词动名词+名词名词pain+killer名词名词+动词动词(er/or)pick+pocket;动词动词+名词名词turn+off岔道岔道动词动词+副词副词out+put副词动词副词动词after+noon介词副词名词介词副词名词一.合成名词例词class+room名词名词构成方式 12二二.合成动词合成动词名词动词overcome;副词动词whitewash形容词动词sleep walk;构成方式1构成方式.构成方式.二.合成动词名词动词overcome;副词动词whit13三三.合成形容词合成形容词名词过去分词名词过去分词snow+white名词名词+形容词形容词English+speaking名词现在分词名词现在分词man+made构成方式构成方式例词例词high+class形容词名词形容词名词light+blue形容词形容词形容词形容词good+looking形容词现在分词形容词现在分词warm+heart+ed形容词名词形容词名词+edsecond+hand数词名词数词名词hard+working副词现在分词副词现在分词well+known副词过去分词副词过去分词under+ground介词名词介词名词三.合成形容词名词过去分词snow+white名词+形容词14四四.合成副词合成副词however;副词副词anywhere;whatever代词副词downstairs;upstairs副词名词anyway形容词名词构成方式1构成方式2构成方式3构成方式4.四.合成副词however;副词副词anywhere;15五五.合成代词合成代词something;everything;nobody;someone;anybody构成方式：some/any/no+thing/one/body五.合成代词something;everything;n16Practice:Make compound words after the models.A:passer well sea fire over friendB:by knowen side fighter coat ship Model:part+time=part-timepasser-by well-known seasidefirefighter overcoat friendshipPractice:passer-by well-kno171)The fire lasted about 4 hours before the _ _ could control it.2)At school she formed a close _ with several other girls.3)They decide to spend their holiday at the _.4)He put on a hat and _ before he went out.5)They often perform in the streets for the _.6)Im sure you will be _ soon.passers-bywell-knownfirefightersfriendshipseasideovercoat2.Fill in the blanks with the words above.1)The fire lasted about 4 hou18转化法（Conversion）tastev.尝起来尝起来n.味道味道It has a good taste.It tastes very good.handn.手手v.递送递送wrong adj.错误的错误的n.错的事错的事We always walk hand in hand.Please hand me the book.There is something wrong with the car.He didnt know the difference between right and wrong.cleanadj.干净干净v.清扫清扫Please keep tidy and clean.You have to clean the blackboard after class.转化法（Conversion）tastev.尝起来n.味道191.Jim dreams of being the best football player in England.2.Please stop here,and it is the bus stop.3.The car slowed down to half its speed.6.Dont use too cold water to water flowers.7.The old in our village are living a happy life.1.Jim dreams of being the bes20派生法派生法 Derivation派派生生法法前缀前缀后缀后缀否定前缀否定前缀其他前缀其他前缀名词后缀名词后缀形容词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀副词后缀动词后缀动词后缀否定前缀否定前缀其他前缀其他前缀派生法 Derivation派前缀后缀否定前缀其他前缀名词后21加前缀：加前缀：happy-happy-_happyhappy 加后缀：加后缀：develop-develop-developdevelop_既加前缀又加后缀：既加前缀又加后缀：employ-employ-_employemploy_unmentunment派生词派生词（derivation）加前缀：unmentunment派生词（derivation221.派生词 注意:前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化1.派生词 注意:前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;23Derivation:1)前缀前缀:表示否定的前缀：表示否定的前缀：un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在常用在n.adj.adv.前前)in-inactive (常用在常用在adj.后后)dis-disagree,disappear im-impolite,impossible (用在用在b，p，m 开头的词前开头的词前)Derivation:1)前缀:表示否定的前缀：24表示错误或过失的前缀:mis-misunderstand,misdirect(误导)表示两个,双边的前缀：bi-bicolor(双色的),bicycle表示相互,交互,在一起的前缀 inter-interview,international,internet表示又,再,重新的前缀 re-review,return,rewrite表示远的前缀 tele telephone,television表示错误或过失的前缀:252)后缀后缀:动词变名词：-tion education,invitation,prediction-ment development,movement,disappointment-er teacher,worker,runner,singer-or visitor,sailor,tutor,actor-ist (人,名词后缀)scientist,terrorist-ese (民族,语言,名词后缀)Chinese,Japanese2)后缀:动词变名词：-tion educat26 形容词变名词-ness happiness,meanness,carelessness-ity ability,possibility 形容词变名词-ness happiness,mea27 名词变形容词：-y windy,rainy,healthy,funny,cloudy-ish foolish,feverish-some handsome,troublesome-ous dangerous,humorous-ful helpful,careful,peaceful,colorful-less homeless,helpless,careless-ed surprised,balanced,talented-ing interesting,outstanding-al traditional,international,natural 名词变形容词：-y windy,rainy,28 名词、形容词变动词：-ify beautify,simplify-ize realize,modernize-en quicken,widen,sharpen deepen 名词、形容词变动词：-ify beautify,29一、一、派生法派生法（Derivation）由词根由词根(root)加前缀加前缀（prefix）或后缀或后缀（suffix）构成新词。构成新词。un-否定前缀否定前缀dis-in-im-mis-non-understand politesmokerlikeimportantactive 一、派生法（Derivation）由词根(root)加前缀（30 Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning?Do you sometimes oversleep?1.over-:too muchoverwork,overeatabove sth;across overcoat,overheadSome important prefixes（前缀）（前缀）:The trains are _ on Friday evenings.(crowded)overcrowded Is it difficult for you to 31 He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.2.en-动词前缀动词前缀enable,endanger,Reading can _ your life.(rich)enrich He enlarged his vocabulary b32Some important suffixes:-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等等sharpen a pencilstrengthenbrightensharp adj.sharpen v._strength _ brightSome important suffixes:-ment,333.Write out the original words.unchangeable adj._ dislike v._ impossibility n._ unfriendly adj._overwork v._ misunderstanding n._athletic adj._ Misread误解误解 v._translator n._ changelike possiblefriendlook understandathletereadtranslate3.Write out the original word34II.构词法专练。构词法专练。给下列单词加上前缀给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-或或im-,构构成意思相反的词。成意思相反的词。1.agree _plete _3.healthy _4.important _5.able _6.cover _ 7.known _ 8.practical _9.tidy _10.perfect _11.visible _ 12.fit _disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover/uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectinvisibleunfitPractice III.构词法专练。disagree incomplete35Practice(II):rain(形容词形容词)_ agree(反义反义)_ nation(形容词形容词)_ farm(人人)_ recent(副词副词)_ friend(形容词形容词)_ hope(形容词形容词)_ back(形容词形容词)_ visit(名词名词)_ home(形容词形容词)_ eight(序数词序数词)_ true(名词名词)_ America(形容词形容词)_ China(形容词形容词)_按括号内的要求改写下列单词按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinesePractice(II):rain(形容词)_36四、四、缩略法缩略法（Abbreviation）DIYVIPSOSWWWDo It YourselfVery Important PersonSave Our ShipWorld Wide Web四、缩略法（Abbreviation）DIYDo It 37BTWBRBFTFICICQRUOKTHXTTUL by the way be right back face to face I see I see you.我找你我找你Are you OK?thanks talk to you laterBTW by the way38构词法精练构词法精练1.That man was_ enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B.careful C.carelessD.carelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai.A.die B.dead C.died D.death 3.The child looked _at his brother who was badly wounded.A.sadly B.sad C.happily D.happiness4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a _.A.chemistry B.chemical C.chemist D.physician 构词法精练1.That man was_ e391.He was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match.(play)2.Look!How _ Kate is laughing!(happy)3.It snowed _ last night and now the streets are covered with snow.(heavy)4.Edison was a great _.During his life he had many _.(invent)players happily heavily inventor inventions 附加题附加题 Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.1.He was one of the best _405.More and more _ have come to visit China over these years.（foreign）6.We want _ reasons for your failure to help.(satisfy)7.Please give me some reference work.It will _ my task.(simple)8.The boy had the _ of being half starved.(appear)9.The police have _ a plot against the President.(cover)10.The doctor said that Marys mother needed an _.(operate)foreigners satisfactory simplify appearance uncovered operation 5.More and more _ hav4111.She hoped that her son would become a _.(music)12.Few _ words made us excited.(speak)13.The days on the moon get hotter than _ water.(boil)14.Thank you for your _.(kind)15.Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college _.(expensive)16.Most international _ letters are written in English,too.(busy)musician spoken boiling kindness expenses business 11.She hoped that her son wou4217.The boy noticed an _ mistake on his paper,but he decided not to say anything about it.(correct)18.When in Rome,do as the _ do.(Rome)19.The teacher was pleased with her _.(honest)20.The mother didnt know why her daughter was crying _.(noise)uncorrected Romans honesty noisily 17.The boy noticed an _43 单词记忆五决：单词记忆五决：一一 同义（近义）同义（近义）法法二二 反义法反义法三三 改头法改头法四四 换尾法换尾法五五 形近法形近法 单词记忆五决：44一：一：同义法同义法词词-词词 search=词词-短语短语 =pay no attention to 短语短语-短语短语 remind sb of sth=seekignorecall up一：同义法seekignorecall up45二二：反义法反义法accept-tell lies-look down upon-refusehonestlook up to二：反义法refusehonestlook up to46三：改头法：三：改头法：pay-v.bay-n.海湾海湾day-n.hay-n.干草干草lay-v.may-v.ray-n.光线光线say-v.way-n.gay-adj.快乐的快乐的三：改头法：47四：换尾法：deaf-adj.dead-adj.deal-v.dean-n.院长，主持牧师dear-adj.四：换尾法：48五：五：形近法：形近法：floor-flourabroad-aboard在飞机上在飞机上soap-soupwonder-wanderattract-attackvacation-vocation职业职业五：形近法：49Use your imagination,youll get a different world.想象给生活插上翅膀，想象给生活插上翅膀，让我们在学习的天空中让我们在学习的天空中越飞越高！越飞越高！Use your imagination,youll g50