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英 语书面表达 1命题特点 书面表达是全国各地中考的必考题型，其目的在于考查学生运用各项语法知识、正确进行书面表达的能力以及理解情景提示的内容、抓住要点和中心思想的能力。书面表达分值在15分左右。题型主要有话题作文、看图作文和应用作文三种，其中话题作文和应用作文所占比重较大。2内容特点(1)常见的体裁有：记叙文、描写文、说明文和应用文(包括书信、日记、通知、便条、贺卡、启事、电话留言条)等。(2)题材与生活实际紧密联系，并关注社会焦点、热点问题，体现人文关怀。(3)注重情境设计。书面表达中所设计的情景密切联系现实生活，写作题材源于生活，使学生有话可说，有利于学生写出真情实感，也有利于学生主动性、创造性的发挥。(4)内容要点清楚，表达形式多样，为学生提供更自由的发挥空间。预计2015年中考对书面表达的考查难度会稍有加大，文体以应用作文为主，话题作文和看图作文将有增加的趋势；内容会更加广泛，贴近社会生活。(一)话题作文 此类题型通常会给出一定的提示，如中文提示、英文提示、关键词提示、要点提示、首句提示等，要求根据这些提示写一篇完整的短文。有时题目会有一个图表材料，其中包括所有的要点和提示，要求学生抓住要点信息，按一定的主题和体裁进行写作。写作时，应注意以下三点：1认真审题，看清题目中的要求。写书面表达前要认真仔细地阅读有关的提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，它包含哪些情景、内容和要求，要明确题目有哪些要点，且要点必须齐备。要考虑用哪种体裁，是记叙文、说明文还是议论文；用第几人称来表达；选择什么时态。这样，思路才能条理清晰。2根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能运用到的表达。首先应认真阅读提示内容，列出写作要点，注意不要漏掉所给出的提示内容，同时所给的参考词汇也要全部用上。对于以表格、图表出现的描述进行写作时，要读懂所隐含的信息，分析文章难点，确定如何去写。3紧扣要点，动笔写作。依据写作提纲，完成短文。在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳、自然流畅。【体验中考】A(2014，咸宁)课外活动可以让我们增长知识，发展智力，开阔视野和塑造性格。许多学校创造性地开展了课外活动，如朗诵、唱歌、讲故事、演话剧、办刊物以及举办各种体育活动等。最近，某中学生英文报开设了“Afterclass Activities”的栏目。请你根据以下提示，为该栏目写一篇英文稿件，并鼓励同学们积极参加课外活动。1你校开展课外活动的情况；2你参加过的课外活动及给你带来的益处；3为同学选择课外活动或为学校开设课外活动提出建议。注意：1.词数80以上；2稿件的开头已为你写好(不计入总词数)。提示词：take part insportsinterestingfavorite One possible version：Afterclass ActivitiesNowadays,afterclass activities are becoming more and more popular in junior schools.In our school there are various kinds of activities,for example,arts and sports.We enjoy them very much.Playing football and reading are my favorites which do me lots of good.Besides building my body and improving my skills,they also free me from the heavy work of study.Here I have some suggestions.To students,wed better choose the activities which interest us and suit us.Schools should organize more activities for students and leave more time for activities by giving us less homework.Dear friends,please actively take part in afterafter activities,which will not only make your school life colorful,but also improve your learning.B(2014，益阳)湖南卫视真人秀Daddy,Where Are We Going？收视火爆，节目讲述了五对笨手笨脚的爸爸带着孩子去陌生的地方完成一些有趣但是艰难的任务。为了完成任务，孩子们学会了团队精神和如何与人相处。你所在的小组对“如何与人相处”展开了讨论，请根据以下你所在的小组的讨论结果，以“How to get on well with others”为题，写一篇英语短文。Suggestions(1)learn to share(2)love and respect others(3)communicate with each otherMy suggestion注意：(1)词数80左右(开头已给出，不计入总数)。(2)可适当发挥，以使行文连贯(自己的建议至少两条)。One possible version：How to Get on Well with OthersAs we know,students should learn how to get on well with others.But in what ways?First of all,we should respect others.Everybody has their own way to do things,so we should understand each other.Besides,it is important for us to communicate with each other and share our happiness and sadness.Whats more,we should be kind to others and offer necessary help to those who are in trouble.In my opinion,we should treat others in an honest way.Only in these ways can we get along well.C(2014，滨州)假如你校将举行“中学生自我保护”为主题的英语征文活动，请根据下面的提示写一篇短文。内容提示：1.不带管制刀具(restricted knives)到校；2上下楼梯不要拥挤；3注意饮食安全；4注意交通安全，遇到紧急情况(emergency)要报警。要求：1.短文应包括所提示的内容，可适当发挥；2词数：80词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。One possible version：How to protect ourselvesHow to protect ourselves is especially important to us students.First,dont take restricted knives to school.They might hurt our classmates or ourselves.Secondly，there are too many students at school,and our hallways are too narrow.So dont crowd with each other especially when we go upstairs or downstairs.Or there may be an accident.Thirdly，we should eat more healthy food and wed better keep away from junk food.At last,we must pay attention to the traffic.Remember to call the police for help when we have an emergency.Its our duty to protect ourselves.Lets start from today.D(2014，乐山)近日，中国健康月刊对全国1306名15岁以下学生进行了调查，发现40.7%的孩子有龋齿。为此，在全国牙齿关爱日到来前，请你根据以下要点，结合自己的体会，给校报英语专栏写一篇短文，谈谈如何保护牙齿。1每天早晚刷牙；2有蛀牙及早看医生；3有龅牙可戴牙套；4健康饮食(蔬菜、水果)。注意：1.词数：80词左右；开头已给出，不计入总词数；2应覆盖所有要点：可适当添加细节，使行文连贯；3参考词汇：tooth decay蛀牙；crooked teeth龅牙；braces n牙套 One possible version：Teeth_problems_are_common_among_children.A_study_on_China Health Monthly recently showed that 40.47%of 1，306 Chinese students under age 15 had decayed teeth.Here are some ways to protect your teeth.First，its really necessary for you to brush your teeth twice a day at leastmorning and night.Second，if you have tooth decay you should go to the doctors for help as soon as possible.Third，using braces is a wise choice if your teeth are crooked.Finally，try to have a healthy diet，taking more fruit and vegetables instead of junk food.In a word，if you care much about tooth health，youll be free from tooth problems.(二)看图作文 看图作文是通过对图片的观察来获取语言素材的，即根据图片呈现的内容，结合所给的汉语提示或英语提示来描述图画的内容，使意思连贯、通顺，并符合图意。写作看图作文时，应注意以下几点：1仔细审题，弄清题目要求，明确写作的中心思想。首先，应将所给的全部图画或图表连贯起来看，明确所给图画展示的是何种情景，并结合汉语或英语的提示，明确图片所要表达的中心内容。2仔细观察图画，确定具体细节要素，列出写作提纲。通常图画表达的是一个完整的故事情节。根据图画及提示内容列出写作要点，再根据列出的要点确定使用哪些词汇、句型或惯用表达法。3明确时态，理顺思路，完成表达。根据图片和提示的内容，确定表达应需要哪种时态；依据写作提纲，进一步理顺写作思路，将图与图之间的内在联系运用一定的语言逻辑连接起来，把形象生动的图像信息转化为相应的文字表达，并注意写作过程应详略得当。你准备参加学校“英语角”开展的“用英语讲故事”活动，你选取了“曹冲称象”这个大家熟悉的故事。请你根据上面图片内容，用英语写一篇80词以上的小短文。【体验中考】A(2014，黄冈)One possible version：How Cao Chong Had the Elephant WeighedCao Cao was very glad to have received an elephant as a present.He wanted to know how heavy the elephant was，but there was no scale(秤)big enough to weigh such a huge creature.One day，Cao Chong said to his father，“Ive found a way to weigh the elephant.”Cao Chong asked a man to lead the elephant onto a boat.When the boat stopped sinking，the man draw a line along on the boat side.After the elephant was led away，Cao Chong had some men put stones into the boat until the water reached the line.Cao Chong asked the man to weigh each stone from the boat and put down the number.“Add up all the numbers and we will know the weight of the elephant.”Cao Chong said to his father with kind of pride.假如这幅漫画表现的是你所经历的事情，请根据所给提示描述事情经过并谈谈你的看法。提示词：jaywalk vi.乱穿马路；run the red light闯红灯 B(2013，宜昌)One possible version：Last Friday afternoon，when I was on my way home from school，I saw a group of people jaywalking at the crossing.A volunteer tried to stop them，but no one listened to him.Instead，they ran the red light quickly.Just then，a bus came.One of them was nearly hit by the running bus.In my opinion，jaywalking is a bad habit.It puts not only yourself but also other people in danger.I hope all of us should keep the traffic rules and stop running the red light.Look both sides/ways when you cross the road.C(2014，杭州)假如你是李平，最近你学习上遇到困惑。请用英语给你的英国朋友Nancy写一封电子邮件，讲诉你的问题并寻求她的帮助。注意：1.邮件必须包括下面三幅画所描述的内容2词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。One possible version：Hi，Nancy，How are you？Hope youre well.I have a problem and need your help.I failed the math exam yesterday.My mom was really mad with me.In order to do better next time，I stayed up late last night doing my math homework.Since I didnt get enough sleep，I felt sleepy this morning.My teacher noticed it.She came up and asked what wrong was with me，but I didnt tell her the truth.What should I do？Can you give me some advice?Im really looking forward to receiving your reply soon.Love,Li Ping D(2014，漳州)足够的睡眠时间对学生来讲很重要，然而调查显示，许多学生睡眠不足。请根据图示内容，简要指出学生睡眠不足的原因并提出建议。要求：1要点齐全，并适当发挥：2词数：80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)；One possible version：Its important for students to have enough sleeping time.However，many of them dont have enough time to sleep.There are different reasons for it.Some students often spend too much time on computer games so that they dont go to bed early.Some students have bad sleeping habits.They often drink too much tea or coffee before going to bed.This makes them too excited to fall asleep.In order to get enough sleep，we should keep away from computer games.We shouldnt stay up too late.Whats more，we can drink hot milk instead of coffee or listen to soft music before we go to bed，which can help us have a sound sleep.In a word,if we make good use of time and form good habits,well have enough sleeping time.Then well be happier and healthier.(三)应用作文 应用作文在人们的日常生活、工作和学习中运用最为广泛，因此是近几年中考高频书面表达题型之一。它包括书信(明信片)、电子邮件、日记、便条(请假条、留言条、电话记录、贺卡)、通知、启事(失物启事、招领启事、征聘启事)、发言稿等。写作应用文要把握好以下四点：1确定格式英语中书信、电话留言、email等都有一定的书写格式习惯；而发言稿、值日报告、演讲稿等也有较为固定的格式。2确定内容依据内容，列出写作要点，注意不要漏掉所给出的提示内容，同时所给的参考词汇也要全部用上。在语言的使用上，要认真把握。若是写发言稿的话，因为发言稿是面向听众的，所以最好使用大众化的语言，做到简洁明快、条理清楚、观点明确。3确定人称应用文往往采用第一人称的形式。4确定时态应用文在时态的使用方面，多用一般现在时，当然在具体的写作过程中也会涉及到其他的时态，要认真把握好。【体验中考】A(2014，重庆)为了更好地开展2014年全国全民阅读活动，有关部门就如何为市民创造良好的阅读环境广泛征求意见，你班将举行一次英语主题班会来讨论这个话题。请你写一篇发言稿，提出自己的想法和建议。要点提示：1阅读的好处；2.你的建议(如：建更多小型图书馆，经常性地介绍好书等)；3.要求：词数：80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。One possible version：Hello,my dear friends.As we all know,reading is very important to us.It can not only make us know about the world but also help us relax ourselves.To make people love reading,I have some good advice.First,we can build lots of small libraries in the city.Second,if new books can be introduced often,more people will be interested in reading.Third,if the seats in the libraries are very comfortable,people will enjoy reading there a lot.I hope my advice can work and more people will keep reading.B(2014，丹阳)在一堂英语课上，老师组织全班同学开展有关“做家务”的讨论。假如以下是你所做的小组讨论记录，请你根据这个记录用英语向全班学生做一个汇报。NameHouseworkWu JunClean up roomsJia MeiHelp cook dinnerWang PingDo the dishesI提示：1汇报内容：你和同学所做的家务；你对做家务的看法。2词数为80左右。3汇报的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。One possible version：Good morning!Now let me report the discussion work in our group.As for housework,Wu Jun cleans up rooms.Jia Mei helps cook dinner.Wang Ping does the dishes.And I take out the rubbish.In my opinion,its necessary for us to do some housework.On one hand,we can help our parents and understand them better,because theyre too tired.It can help us to understand the idea of the fairness.On the other hand,we can learn to do many things.It also helps to develop our independence.At the same time,we can learn how to look after ourselves.So I think everyone should do some housework.C(2014，武汉)假如你是李明。本周五早上你班同学将去格林农场参加实践活动。请你用英语草拟一则通知。内容要点如下：1摘蔬菜，给植物浇水；27点校门口集合，乘车前往；3体验农场生活，活动约2小时；4相互关照，注意安全；5补充一至两点有关事项。注意：1词数：6080；2不要逐条翻译，内容要连贯；3通知的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。One possible version：Fellow students，Our class are going to Green Farm this Friday morning.Would you like to experience farm life？We can pick some vegetables and water the plants.Well stay there for about 2 hours.I bet the meaningful activity will make the trip unforgettable.Well meet at 7 am at the school gate and take a bus there.Remember，always be with your classmates，help each other，and never do anything that may hurt you.By the way，youd better wear your sports shoes.Have a good time.Thank you for your attention.D(2014，宁夏)假定你是李明，暑假即将来临，你准备举办一次聚会，想邀请好友Bob参加。请你根据下面所给提示和要求用英语给Bob写一封邀请信。提示：1.时间：七月十六日下午三点；2地点：在你家中；3活动：学做蛋糕玩游戏才艺展示。要求：1.在“才艺展示”部分至少要谈及三项才艺；2要点齐全，发挥得当；3文中不得出现真实的人名和校名；4词数80左右，已给出的句子不计入总词数。参考词语：才艺展示talent show One possible version：Dear Bob，The_summer_vacation_is_coming.Im going to have a party.Id like to invite you to come.It is going to be held in my home at 3：00 pm.on July 16.At the party，we will learn to make a cake first.Next，there will be a guessing game.After that，there will be a talent show.It includes telling stories，singing songs and playing the guitar.Finally，we will enjoy a magic show.I am sure everybody will have a wonderful time.Im_looking_forward_to_seeing_you_at_the_party.Yours，Li_Ming
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