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2021/01/221英语英语路漫漫其修远兮路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索吾将上下而求索 必修必修5 2021/01/222Great ScientistsUnit 1Section Learning about Language2021/01/223课堂要点探究课堂要点探究 2课堂达标验收课堂达标验收3课前新知预习课前新知预习12021/01/224课前新知预习课前新知预习2021/01/225.单词拼写1They thought he had escaped through a specially _(建造)tunnel.2I believe that each of us can c_ to the future of the world.3The _(烟火)exploded in a shower of sparks.4These two accidents are closely _(连接)together.5The old man was laid up with a s_ stroke.6The hot weather is partly to _(谴责,责备)for the water shortage.constructedontributefireworklinkedevereblame2021/01/2267The President is preparing to _(宣布)his new plan on Tuesday.8No one could _(预见)his future accurately.announceforesee2021/01/227.选择合适的词或短语完成句子1Considering that she did her work as her manager had _ it was improper to criticize her.2The _ of the two new railway lines has been completed by now.3_ the regular housing,almost every tribe had some style of housing.instructedconstructionApart from2021/01/2284Our athletes had won the most gold medals at 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games,and my colleagues shot _ to celebrate it.5Dwelling Narrowness has succeeded in getting across much to the audience,which has _ to its success.fireworkscontributed2021/01/229课堂要点探究课堂要点探究2021/01/22101.contribute 1.contribute v v.(1)(sth.)(to/towards sth.)捐献、捐赠(尤指款或物),捐助The writer personally contributed$50,000 to the earthquake fund.那位作家亲自捐赠了5万美元给地震基金。Would you like to contribute to our collection?你愿意给我们的募捐捐款吗?2021/01/2211(2)(to sth.)是的原因之一Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death.据说医务人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的原因之一。Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?吸烟会导致肺癌吗?(3)(sth.)to sth.增加,增进,添加(到某物)Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject.她的工作极有助于我们对这个困难问题的了解。2021/01/2212(4)(sth.)(to sth.)(为报纸、杂志、电台或电视节目)撰稿,投稿She has contributed(several poems)to literary magazines.她给文学刊物投了(几首诗)稿。2021/01/2213图解助记contribute多层含义Many people contributed money to the poor boy,which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.好多人给那个可怜的孩子捐钱,使他可以重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投到了报社。2021/01/2214contribution n.C捐款;捐资All contributions will be gratefully received.我们对所有捐资表示感谢。C,usually sing.贡献;促成作用These measures would make a valuable contribution towards reducing industrial accidents.这些措施将会对减少工业事故起重要作用。知识拓展2021/01/2215U捐助;捐赠;(尤指)捐款We rely entirely on voluntary contribution.我们全靠自愿捐款。2021/01/2216活学活用(1)用恰当介词填空Maintaining peace and stability of the South China Sea and the East China Sea will certainly contribute_a more prosperous AsianPacific area.答案:to句意:维持中国南海和中国东海的和平稳定,一定会使亚太地区更加繁荣。考查动词短语。contribute to促成,导致,符合语境。2021/01/2217(2)完成句子他对太空发展计划已经作出了很大贡献。_ _ _ _ _ _ the space development programme.答案:He has made great contributions to2021/01/22182 2construction construction n n建设;建筑物;结构The new airport is still under construction.新机场仍在修建中。This is a fine construction.这是一座完美的建筑。A learners dictionary should give both the meanings of words and examples of the constructions in which they are used.学生词典应该既提供词语的含义,又举出应用这些词语的结构的例子。注意:under construction为固定用法,意思是“修建中”。2021/01/2219知识拓展construct v.(1)建设,修建The Golden Gate Bridge was constructed from 1933 to 1937.金门桥建于1933至1937年间。It took them two years to construct the building.他们用了两年时间建这座大楼。2021/01/2220(2)创立(学说等),构(词),造句He constructed a theory with his colleagues.他与他的同事合作创立了一种学说。I have not hesitated to construct arguments in its support.我毫不踌躇地构思一些支持它的论据。2021/01/2221活学活用用恰当介词填空Besides a bridge _ construction,the construction of the freeway goes well.答案:under句意:除了一座正在建造中的桥,这条高速公路的建设进展顺利。under construction“正在建造中”,是固定短语。2021/01/22223 3inspire inspire v v.(1)sb.(to sth.)|sb.to do sth.激励,鼓舞His superb play inspired the team to a thrilling 50 win.他的出色表现使球队士气大振,以50大获全胜。Such a development inspired us to work still harder.这一发展鼓舞我们更努力地工作。2021/01/2223(2)赋予灵感,激发想法(尤指艺术的或虚构的);启发,启示His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts.他那高尚的榜样激发我们大家更加努力。His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.他最好的乐曲创作灵感来自对他母亲的怀念。2021/01/2224(3)sb.(with sth.)|sth.(in sb.)使产生(感觉或情感)The falling leaves inspired her with sadness.The falling leaves inspired sadness in her.落叶触动了她的伤感。His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence.他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心。2021/01/2225Its an inspired work of art.这是一件得自灵感的艺术作品。He is an inspired poet.他是一位富于灵感的诗人。(1)inspired adj.品质优秀的,能力卓越的,借助于灵感创作的(2)inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的,激励的,启发灵感的知识拓展2021/01/2226The inspiring music acted on the emotions of the students.那激昂的音乐使学生们情绪激昂。The songs we heard last night were most inspiring.昨晚我们听的歌曲很令人鼓舞。2021/01/2227活学活用完成句子我希望这次成功能激励你更加努力。I hope this success will_ _ _greater efforts.答案:inspire you to2021/01/22281.apart from1.apart from除之外;此外Apart from my parents,I have no one to believe in.除了我父母,我谁也不相信。(not including my parents)Apart from the cost,we need to think about how much time the job will take.除了成本之外,我们还需要考虑这份工作要用多少时间。(including the cost)2021/01/2229比较网站in additionin addition,besidesbesides,exceptexcept,except forexcept for,apart apart from&butfrom&but(1)in addition相当于副词besides,表示“另外”;in addition to相当于介词besides。(2)besides“除之外(还)”,指在整体中加入一部分。(3)except从所提到的人或事物中除去,即“从整体中除去一部分”。(4)except for表示对整体部分的肯定和对局部的否定,起部分修正主要部分的作用。2021/01/2230(5)apart from既可表示besides,也可以表示except或except for,还可以表示without的意思。(6)but在意思上相当于except,但常用在不定代词或疑问词后面。2021/01/2231活学活用(1)补全句子除了上面布置的任务外,你还要写一篇关于环境污染的200字的作文。_the assignment said above,you have to write a 200word composition on environment pollution.2021/01/2232除了学校以外,这个村庄还有一个诊所,它也是在政府的支持下建造的。_ _ _the school,the village has a clinic,which was also built with government support.答案:BesidesIn addition to2021/01/2233(2)选apart from,besides或except for填空_English,he has a good command of Russian and French.答案:Apart from或BesidesSo far,the old villages of New England have changed relatively little _ a gas station or two in recent decades.答案:except for_ some pennies,I think there are only nine pounds left in my pocket.答案:Besides/Apart from2021/01/22342 2make suremake sure确信,确保;查明,核实They scored another goal and made sure of victory.他们又进了一球,确保了胜利。Our staff will do their best to make sure you enjoy your visit.我们的人员会竭尽全力使您访问愉快。He looked around to make sure that he was alone.他往四下看看是不是只有他一个人。2021/01/2235注意:sure通常不用于有形式主语或形式宾语it的句子中,这种情况下一般用certain。make sure that.确保make sure of doing sth.确保做某事be sure to do sth.一定要做某事;务必要做某事be sure of(doing)sth.一定会(做)某事;某事肯定会发生知识拓展2021/01/2236活学活用补全句子为了确定他在家,我事先打电话给他。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,I called him up in advance.答案:Tomake sure that he was at home2021/01/2237过去分词作定语和表语.过去分词作定语1作定语的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动意义又表完成意义,但有时仅表示被动意义,不表示时间性。不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成意义。2021/01/2238The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人正在医院受到良好的照料。(被动意义)They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。(完成意义)Did you accept the invitation given by the tour guide?你接受导游的邀请了吗?(被动意义以及完成意义)2021/01/22392过去分词作定语,常常位于其所修饰的名词前;而过去分词短语作定语时,常常位于其所修饰的名词后,相当于一个定语从句。given,left等少数过去分词作定语修饰名词时,只能后置。这种置于名词之后的过去分词往往具有暂时性,其动词的性质较强。此外,过去分词修饰由every,some,any等构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时,也要放在被修饰词的后面。The wounded soldier was looked after carefully.那位受伤的战士受到了细心的照料。2021/01/2240Who were the guests invited(who had been invited)to your party last night?昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些客人是谁呀?Is there anything unsolved?还有什么问题没有解决吗?There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.自从我两年前离开这个镇以来,几乎没有什么变化。2021/01/2241知识拓展11)过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号。The meeting,attended by a lot of people,was a success.这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。The book,written(which was written)in 1957,tells the struggle of the miners.这本书是1957年写的,讲述矿工斗争的故事。2021/01/22422)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,表示人的表情、眼神、眼泪、声音等。这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。The frightened boy ran away.惊恐的男孩跑开了。Hearing the encouraging news,the students gave out excited shouts.听到这令人鼓舞的消息,同学们发出了热烈的欢呼声。2021/01/2243知识拓展21)分词、动名词以及不定式在句中担任定语成分的差异:由不及物动词转化而来的现在分词作定语,表示动作正在进行,而其过去分词形式则强调动作的完成或其逻辑主语所处的一种状态;由及物动词转化而来的现在分词作定语,强调主动,而其过去分词形式则强调被动或表示状态。注意:分词的完成式不作定语。The man standing under the tree is my uncle.站在树下的那个人是我叔叔。The book published in March sells well.三月份出版的这本书很畅销。2021/01/22442)动名词作定语,说明被修饰的名词的用途。The soldiers each have a sleeping bag.战士们每个人都有一个睡袋。3)不定式作定语(1)通常要放在被修饰的词后,往往表示未发生的动作。(2)当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,用不定式作后置定语。Madam Curie was the first to discover the element radium.居里夫人是第一个发现镭的人。I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。2021/01/2245.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态或思想感情等,并无“完成”或“被动”之意。He looked worried after reading the letter.看完信后,他显得很忧虑。When we heard of the story,we were deeply moved.当我们听到这个故事时,被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。2021/01/2246知识拓展1常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的);connected(连接的);broken(碎了的);closed(关闭的);astonished(吃惊的);covered(覆盖的);crowded(拥挤的);delighted(高兴的);disappointed(失望的);dressed(穿着的);drunk(喝醉的);experienced(有经验的);gone(遗失的);lost(丢失的);worried(担忧的);interested(感兴趣的);tired(疲劳的);pleased(高兴的);satisfied(满意的);surprised(吃惊的);married(已婚的);known(著名的)等。2021/01/2247知识拓展21)现在分词作表语,说明主语的性质和特征;与主语(往往是物)构成逻辑上的主谓关系,译作“令/使人的”。The story is interesting and I am interested in it.这故事很有趣,我很感兴趣。The problem is confusing so the pupils are confused about it.这个问题很迷惑,因此学生们感到很困惑。2021/01/22482)动名词作表语是对主语内容的解释,主语与表语位置可以互换,动名词常用于口语中。His work is cleaning all the windows of the company every day.他的工作就是每天把公司的窗户擦干净。What they are worried about is being left behind.他们所担心的是被落在后面。2021/01/22493)不定式作表语,一般紧跟在系动词be,seem,remain,appear,get的后面,用来说明主语的内容。当主语为名词dream,business,wish,idea,plan,job,work,task,duty时,表语也常用不定式,不用动名词。The aim is not just to keep busy.其目的不仅是为了使每个人不闲着。He appears to want to leave.他看来要走。2021/01/2250知识拓展31)过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态;而被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成。试比较:My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)The library is closed.图书馆关门了。(系表结构)2021/01/2251The library is often closed at 6:30 in the afternoon.图书馆通常在下午6:30关门。(被动语态)2)有些过去分词用作表语,接近被动结构。The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.这座城三面环山。Im pleased with(by/at)what you said just now.听了你刚才的话,我很高兴。2021/01/2252高考真题链接用词语的恰当形式填空1(2015陕西卷改编)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother _(take)good care of at home.答案:taken句意:在非洲医疗援助两年回来后,Dr.Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系,用过去分词作宾语补足语,所以填taken。2021/01/22532(2015江苏卷改编)Much time_(spend)sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.答案:spent句意:上班族们坐在办公桌前太久,一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知,分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致,应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且动作已完成,故用过去分词。2021/01/22543(2015重庆卷改编)_(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to become a football star.答案:Raised句意:他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大,要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he,他在这个地方长大,两者之间是动宾关系,故填raised。2021/01/22554(2014安徽卷改编)While waiting for the opportunity to get_(promote),Henry did his best to perform his duty.答案:promoted本题考查的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get过去分词”,如“get burnt”被烫伤,get paid获得报酬;本句中的get promoted获得提拔。句意:在等待着被提拔的机会的时候,Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。2021/01/22565(2014福建卷改编)For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_(connect)答案:connected系动词stay/get后面经常接过去分词转换的形容词,如get paid获得报酬。get burnt被烫伤;本句中的stay connected保持联系。句意:对于那些家人在远方的人,电脑和电话在和家人保持联系方面是很重要的。2021/01/22576(2014重庆卷改编)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras_(return)to our shop for quality problems.答案:returned本题考查非谓语动词。句意:生产商定期来收集因质量问题而退回商店的相机。returned为过去分词,在句中修饰名词cameras,相机与退回为被动关系,故填returned。2021/01/22587(2014北京卷改编)There are still many problems _(solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.答案:to be solved考查非谓语动词的用法。根据主语problems和solve之间的逻辑关系和从句的内容可知,这些问题还没有得到解决,故应用不定式表示还未发生的动作。句意:在准备好长期待在月球上之前我们还有许多问题需要解决。2021/01/22598(2014浙江卷改编)Amie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _(appoint)to guard her.答案:appointed考查非谓语动词。句意:Amie Salmon,残疾,委派一位护士全程陪她上学。分析结构可知,此处是nurse后的定语;appoint与nurse之间为动宾关系,故要用过去分词作定语。2021/01/2260专项练习1In some languages,100 words make up half of all words_(use)in daily conversations.答案:used考查非谓语动词。句意:在一些语言中,100个单词占据了日常对话中所使用的单词的一半。words后用非谓语动词作定语,words与use之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。2021/01/22612You cannot accept an opinion _(offer)to you unless it is based on facts.答案:offered考查过去分词短语作后置定语。句意:你无法接受任何观点,除非它以事实为基础。分析句式结构可知,opinion需要定语,且offer与opinion之间为动宾关系,所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。2021/01/22623Let those in need _(understand)that we will go all out to help them.答案:understand考查非谓语动词。句意:让那些困境中的人们理解我们会尽全力帮助他们的。let sb.do sth.让某人做某事。“三让”let、have、make表示“让某人做某事”时后面要接不带to的不定式作宾补。4The airport_(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.答案:to be completed考查非谓语动词的用法。complete与airport之间为动宾关系而且根据next year可知动作尚未发生,故填to be completed。2021/01/22635Today there are more airplanes _(carry)more people than ever before in the skies.答案:carrying考查非谓语动词。句意:现在天空中比以前有更多的飞机搭载乘客。分析结构可知,此处是there be结构,主语more airplanes后接了非谓语动词;并且,airplanes与carry之间为主谓关系,故要用现在分词作定语。2021/01/22646The question was so difficult to answer,and the students looked _(puzzle)答案:puzzled句意:这个问题很难回答,学生们看起来都迷惑不解。过去分词puzzled与连系动词look构成系表结构,表示一种状态,puzzled已形容词化,look puzzled“看起来迷惑”。现在分词作表语常说明主语的性质、特征等;不定式作表语表示将来或主语的具体内容。2021/01/22657The design _(appeal)to all the ages and social groups is not easy to make.答案:appealing句意:吸引各年龄段和社会群体的设计不容易做。the design与appeal to之间是逻辑上的主动关系,要用现在分词短语作定语。8In 1938,Pearl Buck became the first American woman _(receive)the Nobel Prize for Literature.答案:to receive句意:1938年,赛珍珠是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女作家。由序数词修饰的词后,非谓语动词只能用不定式作定语。2021/01/22669The news that he told us yesterday was _(encourage)答案:encouraging句意:他昨天告诉我们的消息令人鼓舞。此题中news与encourage之间是主动关系,且表示news的性质和特征,故用现在分词encouraging,表示“令人鼓舞的”。10With the governments aid,those _(affect)by the earthquake have moved into the new settlements.答案:affected句意:在政府的帮助下,那些受地震影响的人已经搬进了新的居住区。分词作定语时,其逻辑主语是被修饰词。those与affect之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。2021/01/2267课堂达标验收课堂达标验收2021/01/2268.单词拼写1Work has been begun on the c_ of the new airport.2This book c_ to our understanding of his theory.3Who is r_ for the accident?4The _(烟花)exploded with a loud bang.5Computer users from around the world reported that the _(病毒)had invaded their systems.6He _(预料)that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.答案:1.construction2.contributes3.responsible4.firework5.virus6.foresaw2021/01/2269.用所给单词的适当形式填空1(2015湖南益阳改编)Our school,_(found)in 1955 will celebrate her 60th anniversary this October.2As we joined the big crowd,I got_(lose)3The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to_(pollute)water anymore.4The woman liked the water so much that she had had it_(deliver)to her house.5John told the_(astonish)people to remove the handle.THANKSFORWATCHING谢谢大家观看为了方便教学与学习使用,本文档内容可以在下载后随意修改,调整。欢迎下载!时间:20XX.XX.XX汇报人:XXX702021/01/22
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