高中英语句子结构(课堂PPT)课件

1句子结构-英语的五种基本句型1为什么要学习英语的句子结构？学好句子结构是学好英语的前提句子结构是学好英语的前提1.1.帮助我们学好其他英语语法知识。帮助我们学好其他英语语法知识。2.2.帮助我们写出正确的英语句子，形成并提高英帮助我们写出正确的英语句子，形成并提高英 语书面表达的能力。语书面表达的能力。3.3.帮助我们正确使用英语单词，提高单词拼写及选帮助我们正确使用英语单词，提高单词拼写及选词填空等用词能力。词填空等用词能力。4.4.有助于我们提高阅读能力和其他英语应用能力。有助于我们提高阅读能力和其他英语应用能力。2为什么要学习英语的句子结构？学好句子结构是学好英语的前提 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。u基本句型一：基本句型一：主谓主谓u基本句型二：基本句型二：主系表主系表u基本句型三：基本句型三：主谓宾主谓宾u基本句型四：基本句型四：主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾u基本句型五：基本句型五：主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补定语和状语是句子中的修饰成份，不列入基本句型中3英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难4主语：动作发出者45基本句型一主谓5（不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,anddrink.laughed?woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterdayis playinghave gone6（不及物动词）1.Timeflies.6uYour father is standing there.uHis teacher came in with a book in his hand.uThe bus started and arrived there at eight oclock.7788练习练习u鸟在飞翔。u她的宝宝在哭。u太阳正在落山。u谁也没笑。Birdsareflying.Herbabyiscrying.Thesunissetting.Noonelaughed.9练习鸟在飞翔。Birdsareflying.Herb练习练习u你唱得很美。u我咳了一夜。u我们很少在外边吃饭。u昨天发生了事故。You sing beautifully.I coughed all night.We seldom dine out.The accident occurred yesterday.10练习你唱得很美。Yousingbeautifully.练习练习一个来自美国的老人午夜时分在他宽大的卧一个来自美国的老人午夜时分在他宽大的卧室里快乐地跳着舞。室里快乐地跳着舞。Atmidnight,anoldmanwhocomesfromAmericawasdancinghappilyinhisownbigbedroom.11练习一个来自美国的老人午夜时分在他宽大的卧室里快乐地跳着舞。基本句型 二12基本句型二基本句型二主系表此句型的句子有1313（是系动（是系动词）词）(表语表语)1.This2.The dinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.The book 7.Theweather8.His face issmells(闻闻)felllooks isis becameturned anEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.14(表语)1.ThisisanEnglishd1).His parents are in the kitchen now.2).You looked happy yesterday.3).This song doesnt sound beautiful.4).Did your father get angry?151).Hisparentsareinth找出下列句子中的表语：找出下列句子中的表语：Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.ABCDWhyisheworried?ABTheleaveshaveturnedyellow.ABCDTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.ABCDShewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD16找出下列句子中的表语：16练习练习p今天我感觉不太舒服。今天我感觉不太舒服。p他看上去很累。他看上去很累。p你的汤味道很好你的汤味道很好。p她似乎对计划不感兴趣。她似乎对计划不感兴趣。I dont feel very well today.He looks very tired.Your soup tastes very good.She doesnt seem very interested in the plan.17练习今天我感觉不太舒服。Idontfeelvery练习练习天越来越冷了。天越来越冷了。孩子不久就睡着了。孩子不久就睡着了。他长得相当高了。他长得相当高了。听到这消息她脸色变得苍白。听到这消息她脸色变得苍白。Itsgettingcold.Soonthechildfellasleep.Shewentpaleatthenews.Hehasgrownquitetall.18练习天越来越冷了。Itsgettingcold.So19基本句型三主谓宾19（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknows laughed at understands made ate likes want said theanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea.Goodmorning.20（实义动词）(宾语)1.Whoknows21Mybrotherdidntdohi22TheydontknowwhoFathe过去二十年我们取得了很大的成就。过去二十年我们取得了很大的成就。他们很快控制了病情。他们很快控制了病情。他们只是在建空中楼阁。他们只是在建空中楼阁。Theysooncontrolledthedisease.练习练习练习练习23过去二十年我们取得了很大的成就。Weveachieved 我十分欣赏你们的表演。我十分欣赏你们的表演。u 顾客要求退款。顾客要求退款。这会造成错误的印象。这会造成错误的印象。我们总是交换圣诞节礼物的。我们总是交换圣诞节礼物的。Ienjoyedeveryminuteofyourperformance.Thecustomerdemandedarefund.练习练习练习练习24我十分欣赏你们的表演。Ienjoyedeve25基本句型四主谓间宾直宾2526Shegaveme1）Ishowedhimthephotoyesterday.Ishowedthephototohimyesterday.2）Hepassedusthepapers.=He passed the papers to us.271）Ishowedhimth1)Myparentsboughtmeanewbag.=Myparentsboughtanewbagforme.2）Shecookedusabigmeal.=She cooked a big meal for us.28Myparentsboughtme常带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的动词（分为常带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的动词（分为A、B两类）两类）A：动词后加：动词后加to give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promiseB：动词后加动词后加formake,buy,do,get,play,order,sing,pay2929她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。我去给你沏点新鲜茶。我去给你沏点新鲜茶。这会省去你很多麻烦。这会省去你很多麻烦。请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。Illmakeyousomefreshtea.Pleasefetchmetodayspaper.练习练习练习练习30她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。ShesangusanEn把车钥匙递给我。把车钥匙递给我。把你们的计划用传真发给我们。把你们的计划用传真发给我们。你可否把书单用电子邮件发给我？你可否把书单用电子邮件发给我？把那本书扔给我。把那本书扔给我。Pleasefaxusyourplans.Throwmethatbook.练习练习31把车钥匙递给我。Handmethecarkey.P32基本句型五主谓宾宾补3233补语补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。33主语主语及物动词及物动词宾语宾语宾补宾补1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsawthetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethemclean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.34主语及物动词宾语宾补1.WekeepthetableTheyelectedmecaptain of the team.Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.Wefoundeverythingin good order there.Ishouldadviseyouto get the chance.Isawhimgoing upstairs.They found the house broken in.35Theyelectedmecaptainofthe36主语补足语如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原pTheycalledtheirdaughterAlice.pHisnewjobwasfoundboring.pShewasseenchattingwithNancy.pIwantyoutohelpmewiththehousework.37Theycalledtheirdaughter我们把窗框漆成了黄色。我们把窗框漆成了黄色。她把连衣裙染成淡蓝色。她把连衣裙染成淡蓝色。3 3 他发现这工作很有意思。他发现这工作很有意思。4 4 什么使你这样生气？什么使你这样生气？Shedyedherdresslightblue.Whatmadeyousoangry?练习练习练习练习38我们把窗框漆成了黄色。Wepaintedthewind 我们必须在半小时内把晚饭做好我们必须在半小时内把晚饭做好 你们必须保持房间干净。你们必须保持房间干净。我认为这没有必要。我认为这没有必要。不久他们就把她释放了。不久他们就把她释放了。Youmustkeeptheroomclean.Soontheysetherfree.练习练习练习练习39我们必须在半小时内把晚饭做好Wemustgetthe40在此句型中有时可以有“it”作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到最后41He found it difficult to stS+v+it+adj.n(for sb)to do sth.从句从句doing sth+42 it 用作形式宾语 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语 find possible1.S+think +it +necessary +(for sb.)to do sth./clause.feel important Sentence patterns:形式宾语形式宾语 a rule2.S+V +it +ones duty +(for sb.)to do sth./clause an honour 3.S +V+it +no good +doing sth.no use 43found it difficultthink it our dutyfor her 44完成句子founditdifficultthinkit456指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,ma缺乏耐心使得她很难在英语上取得进步。缺乏耐心使得她很难在英语上取得进步。我认为掌握一门外语没有足够的练习是不可我认为掌握一门外语没有足够的练习是不可能的。能的。Lacking patience made it difficult for her to make progress in English learning.I dont think it possible to master a foreign language without enough practice.46缺乏耐心使得她很难在英语上取得进步。我认为掌握一门外语没有足1.They work hard.主主 +谓谓2.The flower is dead.主主+系系+表表3.Plants need water.主主+谓谓+宾宾4.He gives me some seeds.主主+谓谓+直宾直宾+间宾间宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补6.Many animals live in trees.主主 +谓谓471.Theyworkhard.477.Hekeptmeadictionary.主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾8.ShallIleaveyouthecamera?主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾9.Wefindthebookveryinteresting.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补10.Myuncleboughtmeane-dictionary.主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾11.Singingmakesmehappy.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补12.DamingcallshiscatMimi.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补13.Youmustlistentoher.主主+谓谓+宾宾14.Heisascientist.主主+系系+表表48487.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾8.Hebroughtadictionaryforyou.主主+谓谓+直宾直宾+间宾间宾9.Theyappointedhimmanager.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补10.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.主主+谓谓+形式宾语形式宾语+宾补宾补+宾语宾语11.Theboyintheclassroomsattherequietly.主主+谓谓12.Learningnewwordsisveryuseful.主主+系系+表表497.Shecookedherhusbandade定语：用来修饰限定定语：用来修饰限定_.用来修饰名词或用来修饰名词或 代词的，形容词、代词、数词、名词、代词的，形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的 词或短语都可以担任定语。词或短语都可以担任定语。定语的位置很灵活。定语的位置很灵活。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。之后。名词名词50定语：用来修饰限定_.用来修饰名词或定语名词51.Theyare womanworkers.2.3.Tomsfatherdidntwritehomeuntilyesterday.4.5.Maryisabeautifulgirl.6.7.Theplayhasthreeacts.8.9.Thisisher firsttripto Europe.10.11.Chinaisadeveloping country.12.13.Ihavenothingto eat.14.15.Thosewho want to go to Tibet aretosigntheirnameshere.名词名词名词所有格名词所有格形容词形容词 adj数词数词形容词形容词/序数词序数词/to do 不定式不定式现在分词现在分词 doingto do 不定式不定式从句从句51Theyarewomanworkers.名词名词所有1.Guilin is a beautiful city.2.China is a developing country;America is a developed country.3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.52525.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.8.She is the girl who sings best in my class.535.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefi用来修饰动词、形容词或副词用来修饰动词、形容词或副词.一般表示发生一般表示发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义。的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义。一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、或相当于一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。但有的可以放在句首、句中。54用来修饰动词、形容词或副词.一般表示发生的时间、地点、目的、1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）559种状语种类如下：1.Howaboutmeeting5.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）565.Shecameinwithadictionar1.Thebestfishswimnear the bottom.2.Ileftthevillagefive years ago.3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam.4.Wellsendacarto fetch you.5.Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leaving only bones6.Thestudentscameintotheclassroom,singing and dancing.7.If he goes,sowillI.8.Though he is a child,heknowsalot.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语目的状语目的状语结果状语结果状语伴随状语伴随状语条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语571.Thebestfishswimnearthe 对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任由名词、数词、代词或从句担任;ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.ThepresidentofAmerica,Obama,willvisitChinanextmonth.58对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、对一句话做一些附加的解释，不影响句子成对一句话做一些附加的解释，不影响句子成分；分；通常有通常有to be honest,I think/suppose/believe)等等;To be frank,I dont quite agree with you.59对一句话做一些附加的解释，不影响句子成分；插入语（P一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：v1.The students got on the school bus.v2.He handed me the newspaper.v3.I shall answer your question after class.v4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!v5.They went hunting together early in the morning.主语主语 定语定语 间间 接接 宾宾 语语谓语谓语 状语状语 定语定语状语状语 状语状语60一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：主语定语间v6.His job is to train swimmers.v7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.v8.There is going to be an American film tonight.定语定语 表语表语宾语宾语 状语状语 主语主语61定语表语宾语状语主语61v9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.v10.His wish is to become a scientist.v11.He managed to finish the work in time.v12.Tom came to ask me for advice.v13.He found it important to master English.谓谓 语语主语主语 表语表语谓语谓语 宾语宾语 状状 语语 形式宾语形式宾语 真正宾语真正宾语629.HeistoleaveforShanghaiv14.Do you have anything else to say?v15.To be honest;your pronunciation is not so good.v16.Would you please tell me your address?v17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.宾语宾语 定语定语插入语插入语 状语状语宾语宾语 （间宾（间宾+直宾）直宾）状语状语 状语状语63宾语定语插入语状语宾语（间宾+直宾）v18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.v19.He noticed a man enter the room.v20.The apples tasted sweet.形式主语形式主语 表语表语 宾补宾补 宾宾 补补 表表 语语64形式主语表语宾补宾补表语64找出句子基本结构。找出句子基本结构。1.Our school is not far from my home.2.It is a great pleasure to talk with you.3.All of us considered him honest.4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5.He broke a piece of glass.主主+系系+表表主主+系系+表表主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾主主+谓谓+宾宾65找出句子基本结构。主+系+表主+系+表主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓6.He made it clear that he would leave the city7.At last he got home,tired and hungry.8.Trees turn green when spring comes.主主+谓谓+形式宾语形式宾语+宾补宾补+真正的宾语真正的宾语 主主+谓谓主主+系系+表表666.Hemadeitclearthathewo9.They pushed the door open.10.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.11.He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12.All the students think highly of his teaching 主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾主主+谓谓+宾宾679.Theypushedthedooropen.主13.We need a place twice larger than this one.14.He asked us to sing an English song.15.Dont get nervous.Help yourself to what you like主主+谓谓+宾宾主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补主主+系系+表表6813.WeneedaplacetwicelargBye-bye!69Bye-bye!69