职称英语语法教学培训课件

Thistemplateistheinternalstandardcoursewaretemplateoftheenterprise职称英语语法西安市非公有制专业技术人员西安市非公有制专业技术人员职称外语培训课职称外语培训课 讲师：侯喆西安外国语大学授课日历lPart 1 职称英语常考语法知识串讲职称英语常考语法知识串讲lPart 2 六大题型应试技巧及注意事项六大题型应试技巧及注意事项lPart 3 全真模拟试题训练全真模拟试题训练 英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习及练习1.1.主语（主语（主语（主语（subjectsubject）:句子说明的人或事物。句子说明的人或事物。句子说明的人或事物。句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.The sun rises in the east.（名词）（名词）He likes dancing.He likes dancing.（代词）（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.(Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词数词)Seeing is believing.Seeing is believing.（动名词）（动名词）To see is to believe.To see is to believe.（不定式）（不定式）What he needs is a book.What he needs is a book.（主语从句）（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.tall like a tree.（It It形式主语，主语从句是真正主形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）语）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分，4分钟)The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.There is an old man coming here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.2.2.谓语（谓语（谓语（谓语（predicatepredicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主是对主语加以陈述，表示主是对主语加以陈述，表示主是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。放在主语的后面。放在主语的后面。放在主语的后面。Eg.We study English.Eg.We study English.He is asleep.He is asleep.选出句中谓语的中心词选出句中谓语的中心词 (10(10分，分，1010分钟分钟)I dont like the picture on the wall.I dont like the picture on the wall.A.dont B.like C.picture D.wallA.dont B.like C.picture D.wall The days get longer and longer when The days get longer and longer when summer comes.summer comes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summerA.get B.longer C.days D.summer Do you usually go to school by bus?Do you usually go to school by bus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.busA.Do B.usually C.go D.bus There will be a meeting at the library this There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.afternoon.A.will be B.meeting C.the library D.afternoonA.will be B.meeting C.the library D.afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?breakfast?A.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfastA.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A.Tom B.didnt C.do D.his homework What I want to tell you is this.A.want B.to tell C.you D.is We had better send for a doctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctor He is interested in music.A.is B.interested C.in D.music Whom did you give my book to?A.give B.did C.whom D.book3.3.表语（表语（表语（表语（predicativepredicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示系动词之后的成分，表示系动词之后的成分，表示系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。主语的性质、状态和特征。主语的性质、状态和特征。主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher.He is a teacher.（名词）（名词）Seventy-four!You donSeventy-four!You don t look it.t look it.（代词）（代词）Five and five is ten.Five and five is ten.（数词）（数词）He is asleep.He is asleep.（形容词）（形容词）His father is in.His father is in.（副词）（副词）The picture is on the wall.The picture is on the wall.(介词短语介词短语)My watch is gone/missing/lost.My watch is gone/missing/lost.（形容词化（形容词化的分词）的分词）To wear a flower is to say To wear a flower is to say“I I m poor,I canm poor,I can t buy a t buy a ring.ring.（不定式）（不定式）The question is whether they will come.The question is whether they will come.（表（表语从句）语从句）常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:be,sound:be,sound（听起来）（听起来）,look,look（看起（看起来）来）,feel(,feel(摸起来，摸起来，smellsmell（闻起来）（闻起来）,taste,taste（尝、（尝、吃起来吃起来 remainremain（保持，仍是）（保持，仍是）,feelfeel（感觉）（感觉）.It sounds a good idea.It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The food tastes good.The door remains open.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.Now I feel tired.挑出下列句中的表语(5分，5分钟)The old man was feeling very tired.Why is he worried about Jim?The leaves have turned yellow.Soon They all became interested in the subject.She was the first to learn about it.4.4.宾语：宾语：宾语：宾语：1-1-动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：I like China.I like China.（名词）（名词）He hates you.He hates you.（代词）（代词）How many do you need?We need two.How many do you need?We need two.（数词）（数词）We should help the old and the poor.We should help the old and the poor.名词词组名词词组)I enjoy working with you.I enjoy working with you.（动名词）（动名词）I hope to see you again.I hope to see you again.（不定式）（不定式）Did you write down what he said?Did you write down what he said?（宾语从句）（宾语从句）2 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow,there are many rocks.Under the snow,there are many rocks.3 3）双宾语双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.Give the poor man some money.挑出下列句中的宾语（挑出下列句中的宾语（1010分，分，1010分钟）分钟）My brother hasnt done his homework.My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.People all over the world speak English.You must pay good attention to your You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.pronunciation.How many new words did you learn last How many new words did you learn last class?class?Some of the students in the school want to Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?go swimming,how about you?The old man sitting at the gate said he was The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.ill.They made him monitor of the class.They made him monitor of the class.Go across the bridge and you will find the Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.museum on the left.You will find it useful after you leave school.You will find it useful after you leave school.They didnt know who Father Christmas They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.really is.5.5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor.We elected him monitor.（名词）（名词）We all think it a pity that she didnWe all think it a pity that she didn t come here.t come here.（名词）（名词）We will make them happy.We will make them happy.（形容词）（形容词）We found nobody in.We found nobody in.(副词副词 )Please make yourself at home.Please make yourself at home.介词短语）介词短语）DonDon t let him do that.t let him do that.（省（省toto不定式）不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.lesson.（带（带toto不定式）不定式）DonDon t keep the lights burning.t keep the lights burning.（现在分词）（现在分词）I I ll have my bike repaired.ll have my bike repaired.（过去分词）（过去分词）挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 (6(6分，分，6 6分钟分钟)She likes the children to read newspapers She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?playground just now?6.6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词词组或句子。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词词组或句子。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词词组或句子。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词词组或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）（名词）He is our friend.He is our friend.（代词）（代词）We belong to the third world.We belong to the third world.（数词）（数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(The man over there is my old friend.(副词副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.(介词介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2.The boys playing football are in Class 2.（现在（现在分词）分词）The trees planted last year are growing well The trees planted last year are growing well now.now.（过去分词）（过去分词）I have an idea to do it well.I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）（不定式）You should do everything that I do.You should do everything that I do.（定语从（定语从句）句）挑出下列句中的定语(6分，6分钟)They use Mr.Mrs.with the family name.What is your given name?On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!7.7.状语：用来修饰状语：用来修饰状语：用来修饰状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or v.,adj.,adv.,or 句子。句子。句子。句子。表示时间、地点、表示时间、地点、表示时间、地点、表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow.I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He studies hard to learn English well.He didnHe didn t study hard so that he failed in the exam.t study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.I like some of you very much.If you study hard,you will pass the exam.If you study hard,you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young,he can do it well.Though he is young,he can do it well.挑出下列句中的状语（挑出下列句中的状语（8 8分，分，8 8分钟）分钟）There was a big smile on her face.There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was He began to learn English when he was eleven.eleven.The man on the motorbike was travelling to The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.fast.With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.hurried off.She loves the library because she loves She loves the library because she loves books.books.I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.pay for it.The students followed Uncle Wang to see the The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.other machine.分析下列句子成分分析下列句子成分1.1.He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.2.2.He asked us to sing an English song.He asked us to sing an English song.3.3.We will make our school more beautifulWe will make our school more beautiful 4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports 4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.shoes.5.He broke a piece of glass.5.He broke a piece of glass.6.He made it clear that he would leave the city6.He made it clear that he would leave the city 7.-I love you more than her7.-I love you more than her，child child 8.Tees turn green when spring comes.8.Tees turn green when spring comes.9.They pushed the door open.9.They pushed the door open.10.Grandma told me an interesting story last 10.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.night.简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法（一）句子种类两种分类法1 1、按句子的用途可分四种：、按句子的用途可分四种：1 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old;She He is six years old;She didndidn t hear of you before.t hear of you before.2 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like Do they like skating?How old is he?Is he six or seven years old?skating?How old is he?Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim,canMary can swim,can t she?t she?3 3）祈使句：）祈使句：Be careful,boys;DonBe careful,boys;Don t talk in classt talk in class4 4）感叹句：）感叹句：How clever the boy is!How clever the boy is!2 2、按句子的结构可分三种：、按句子的结构可分三种：1 1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。（或并列谓语）。e.g.He often reads English in the morning.e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.wall newspapers.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型1 1、主语、主语+系动词系动词+表语：表语：e.g.He is a student.e.g.He is a student.2 2、主语、主语+不及物动词：不及物动词：e.g.We work.e.g.We work.3 3、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语：宾语：e.g.Henry bought a e.g.Henry bought a dictionary.dictionary.4 4、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾直接宾语）：语）：e.g.My father bought me a car.e.g.My father bought me a car.5 5、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词+复合宾语（宾语复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：宾补）：e.g.Tom made the baby laugh.e.g.Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。变化或省略而构成。2 2）并列句：并列句主要包括以下关系：）并列句：并列句主要包括以下关系：(1)(1)表并列关系由表并列关系由and,both.and,as well as,not and,both.and,as well as,not only.but(also)only.but(also)，neither.norneither.nor等组成等组成;(2)(2)表转折或对比关系由表转折或对比关系由but,however,while,yet,but,however,while,yet,neverthelessnevertheless等组成等组成;(3)(3)表选择关系由表选择关系由or,either.or.,not.but.,or elseor,either.or.,not.but.,or else 等连等连接接;(4)(4)表因果关系与表因果关系与for,so/so that,therefore,becausefor,so/so that,therefore,because等连用等连用;For example:;For example:1 1、表示连接两个同等概念，、表示连接两个同等概念，e.g.The teachere.g.The teacher s name is s name is Smith,and the studentSmith,and the student s name is John.s name is John.2 2、表示选择，、表示选择，e.g.Hurry up,or youe.g.Hurry up,or you ll miss the train.ll miss the train.3 3、表示转折，、表示转折，e.g.He was a little man with thick e.g.He was a little man with thick glasses,but he had a strange way of making his classes glasses,but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.lively and interesting.4 4、表示因果关系，、表示因果关系，e.g.August is the time of the year for e.g.August is the time of the year for rive harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.rive harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.3)3)复合句：复合句：1.1.状语从句：状语从句：(1)(1)状语从句的分类状语从句的分类状语从句通常修饰主句的动词或整个句子，由从属连词引导，从属连词在从状语从句通常修饰主句的动词或整个句子，由从属连词引导，从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。根据状语从句所表达的不同意义和功能，可分为时间、句中不充当句子成分。根据状语从句所表达的不同意义和功能，可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式等状语从句。地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式等状语从句。(2)(2)连接状语从句的词语连接状语从句的词语 时间状语从句：时间状语从句：when,wheneverwhen,whenever每当每当，after,before,as,as soon as,after,before,as,as soon as,hardly/scarcely.when.,no sooner.than.hardly/scarcely.when.,no sooner.than.。.一一就就，while,till,while,till,until,since,onceuntil,since,once。名词词组。名词词组the first timethe first time第一次，第一次，last timelast time最后一次，最后一次，every/each timeevery/each time每次，每次，the next timethe next time下次，下次，the next daythe next day第二天，第二天，the the moment,the minute,the second,the instant moment,the minute,the second,the instant 一一就就；副词；副词immediately,instantly,directlyimmediately,instantly,directly等也可作连词使用。等也可作连词使用。原因状语从句：原因状语从句：because,since,as,now thatbecause,since,as,now that。地点状语从句：地点状语从句：wherewhere，wherever(wherever(无论那里无论那里)。让步状语从句：让步状语从句：no matter who/whom/what/which/how/when/where,no matter who/whom/what/which/how/when/where,though,although,as,even if/even though,whatever,whoever,however,though,although,as,even if/even though,whatever,whoever,however,wherever,wheneverwherever,whenever等。等。条件状语从句：条件状语从句：if,unless,as/so long as(if,unless,as/so long as(如果；只要如果；只要)，in case(in case(万一万一)；on on condition that(condition that(如果如果)，suppose,supposing,providing,providesuppose,supposing,providing,provide。目的状语从句：目的状语从句：in order that(in order that(为了为了)，so that(so that(以便以便)。比较状语从句：比较状语从句：(not)as/so(not)as/soasas，thanthan,the more,the morethe morethe more(越越越越)引导。引导。方式状语从句：方式状语从句：as(as(正如；按照正如；按照)，as if/as though(as if/as though(好像好像)引导。引导。结果状语从句：结果状语从句：so that(so that(结果是结果是)，so/suchso/suchthat(that(如此如此以至于以至于)。时。时。2.2.名词性从句名词性从句(1)(1)名词性从句分类：名词性从句分类：按照在句中的功能，名词性从句分为：主语从句、按照在句中的功能，名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。What impressed me most is not what he did,but What impressed me most is not what he did,but how he did it.how he did it.It is doubtful whether he is coming.It is doubtful whether he is coming.She gave him whatever she had to help him.She gave him whatever she had to help him.The question is when we can finish the task.The question is when we can finish the task.The news that she will invest in China is exciting.The news that she will invest in China is exciting.名词性从句中的特殊时态名词性从句中的特殊时态(1)It is+(1)It is+形容词形容词+that+that句型。常见的形容词有句型。常见的形容词有important,necessary,natural,funny,strange,important,necessary,natural,funny,strange,surprising,astonishing(surprising,astonishing(令人惊讶的令人惊讶的)等。等。(2)It is+(2)It is+名词名词+that+that句型。常见的名词有句型。常见的名词有pity,pity,shame,advice,suggestion,proposal(shame,advice,suggestion,proposal(提议，建议提议，建议)，requirement,request,desire,orderrequirement,request,desire,order等。等。(3)It is+(3)It is+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词+that+that句型。常见的动句型。常见的动词有词有advise,order,propose,request,suggest,advise,order,propose,request,suggest,demand,requiredemand,require等等3.3.定语从句定语从句定语从句分为限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句定语从句分为限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰和限制作用，而非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充和对先行词起修饰和限制作用，而非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充和解释说明作用。通常限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号，而非限解释说明作用。通常限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号，而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。(2)(2)定语从句的关系代词和关系副词定语从句的关系代词和关系副词定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导。关系代词有：定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导。关系代词有：who,whom,who,whom,whose,which,that,aswhose,which,that,as；关系副词有：；关系副词有：when,where,whywhen,where,why。关系代词。关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句的先行词之后，起着连接先行词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句的先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。(3)(3)关系代词和关系副词的用法：关系代词和关系副词的用法：当先行词为人时用当先行词为人时用who who 作主语，作主语，whomwhom作宾语；作宾语；当先行词为物或当先行词为物或整个句子时用整个句子时用whichwhich，可作主语或宾语；，可作主语或宾语；先行词为人、物时用先行词为人、物时用that that，可作主语或宾语；，可作主语或宾语；whosewhose用作定语，可指人或物；用作定语，可指人或物；关系副词关系副词whenwhen指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；where(where(指地点，在定语指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语从句中作地点状语)；whywhy指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。(4)(4)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。例如：整，甚至不合逻辑。例如：I was the only person in our office who I was the only person in our office who was invitedwas invited。(去掉定语从句，句意就不完整去掉定语从句，句意就不完整)非限制性定语从句：从句与先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意非限制性定语从句：从句与先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能thatthat用引导。例如：用引导。例如：His movie His movie won several awards at the film festival,which was beyond his won several awards at the film festival,which was beyond his wildest dream.(wildest dream.(去掉定语从句，主句的意思仍完整去掉定语从句，主句的意思仍完整)使用定语从句时需注意的几个问题使用定语从句时需注意的几个问题 用用thatthat而不用而不用 whichwhich的情况：先行词为不定代词的情况：先行词为不定代词all,anything,all,anything,nothing,muchnothing,much；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有only,very,anyonly,very,any等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时。例如：等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时。例如：There is There is nothing that can prevent him from doing itnothing that can prevent him from doing it。The first place that they visited in Guilin was LijingThe first place that they visited in Guilin was Lijing。This is the best coffee maker that I have ever been madeThis is the best coffee maker that I have ever been made。Mr Smith is the only foreigner teacher that he knowsMr Smith is the only foreigner teacher that he knows。用用whichwhich而不用而不用 thatthat的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；指代整个主的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；指代整个主句的意思；用于介词句的意思；用于介词 的后面的后面+关系代词。例如：关系代词。例如：ChanChan s restaurant s restaurant on Baker Street,which used to be poorly run,is now a successful on Baker Street,which used to be poorly run,is now a successful business.business.For many cities in the world,there is no room to For many cities in the world,there is no room to spread our further,of which New York is an examplespread our further,of which New York is an example。关系代词关系代词asas的用法的用法 a.a.当现行词为当现行词为 the same+the same+名词，名词，such+such+名词时，要用关系代词名词时，要用关系代词asas引导引导定语从句。例如：定语从句。例如：I want to buy the same shirt as yoursI want to buy the same shirt as yours。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in GermanySuch machines as are used in our workshop are made in Germany。b.asb.as可指代主句的内容，引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，可指代主句的内容，引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。常用于下列句型：也可放在主句之后。常用于下列句型：as is known to all,as is said,as is known to all,as is said,as is reported,as is announced,as we all know,as I expect as is reported,as is announced,as we all know,as I expect 等。例等。例如：如：He got the first place again in this mid-term examination,as He got the first place again in this mid-term examination,as we expectedwe expected。定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词作某种句子成分，定在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词作某种句子成分，定语从句对先行词起修饰和限制作用，而在同位语从句中，语从句对先行词起修饰和限制作用，而在同位语从句中，从对前面的抽象名词起补充和解释作用，连接词不在从句从对前面的抽象名词起补充和解释作用，连接词不在从句中充当句子成分。中充当句子成分。例如：例如：We heard the news that our school team had won the We heard the news that our school team had won the game.(game.(同位语从句，同位语从句，thatthat在从句中不作句子成分在从句中不作句子成分)The news that he told me yesterday proves true.(The news tha