资源描述
名名词词性从句性从句nounclause 主主语语从句从句subjectclause 宾语宾语从句从句objectclause 表表语语从句从句predicativeclause 同位同位语语从句从句appositiveclause.名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句1请请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.(主从主从)(同位同位语语从句从句)(宾宾从从)(表从表从)(同位同位语语从句从句)(定从定从)(主从主从).请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句WhatIwantto2n引引导导名名词词性从句的性从句的连连接接词词：nthat（无意（无意义义，不可省，不充当任何，不可省，不充当任何成分）成分）nwhether,if（均表示（均表示“是否是否”表明从句表明从句内容的不确定性）内容的不确定性）nas if,as though（均表示（均表示“好像好像”，“似乎似乎”）n以上在从句中均不充当任何成分以上在从句中均不充当任何成分.引导名词性从句的连接词：.3n连连接代接代词词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever n连连接副接副词词：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however连连接代接代词词和和连连接副接副词词在句中既保留自在句中既保留自己的疑己的疑问问含含义义、又起、又起连连接作用，在接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分从句中充当从句的成分 .连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoe4n不可省略的不可省略的连词连词：n1.介介词词后的后的连词连词 n2.引引导导主主语语从句和同位从句和同位语语从句的从句的连连词词不可省略。不可省略。nThat she was chosen made us very happy.nWe heard the news that our team had won.不可省略的连词：.5 在复合句中作主在复合句中作主在复合句中作主在复合句中作主语语语语的从句的从句的从句的从句.引引引引导词导词导词导词有有有有连连连连词词词词thatthat，whetherwhether;代代代代词词词词：whowho,what what,which,which;副副副副词词词词：when,where,how,when,where,how,whywhy等等等等.1.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2.WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)主主语语从句从句.在复合句中作主语的从句.引导词有连词that，wheth61.It+be+形容形容词词 that从句从句Itisnecessary/important/obviousthat2.It+be+-ed分分词词 that从句从句It is believed that 人人们们相信相信It is known to us all that.众所周知众所周知It has been decided that 已已经经决定决定3.It+be+名名词词 that从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常是常识识It is a surprise that.令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事事实实是是4.It+不及物不及物动词动词 that从句从句It appears that 似乎似乎It happens that.碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起.1.It+be+形容词that从句Itis7n另注意在主另注意在主语语从句中用来表示从句中用来表示惊奇、惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理不相信、惋惜、理应应如此如此等等语语气气时时，谓语动词谓语动词要用要用 虚虚拟语拟语气气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：，常用的句型有：nIt is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that nIt is suggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that.另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气8主主语语从句中的从句中的“主主谓谓一致一致”：1.主主语语从句通常被看作一个整体从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的主句的谓语动词谓语动词用用单单数数形式形式.Thattheywillcome_certain.2.What引引导导主主语语从句从句时时,主句主句谓语动词谓语动词的的单单复数由复数由表表语语的的单单复数决定复数决定.Whathewants_thesebooks.Whathewants_somewater.注意注意isareis.主语从句中的“主谓一致”：1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,9n1_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account.(2005上海上海)n A.What is required B.What requiresn C It is required D.It requiresn2.The Foreign Minister said,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”(2006 北京北京)n A.This B.There is C.That is D.It isn3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海上海)n A.where B.what C.that D.hown Exercises.1_intheregulations10 宾语宾语宾语宾语从句就是在复合句中作从句就是在复合句中作从句就是在复合句中作从句就是在复合句中作宾语宾语宾语宾语的的的的名名名名词词词词性性性性从从从从句句句句，通通通通常常常常放放放放在在在在主主主主句句句句谓谓谓谓语语语语动动动动词词词词(及及及及物物物物动动动动词词词词)或介或介或介或介词词词词之后。之后。之后。之后。1.Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.2.Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.Iamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.宾语宾语从句从句(作作动词动词的的宾语宾语)(作介作介词词的的宾语宾语)(作形容作形容词词的的宾语宾语).宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的1.Shedidnot11n1.由由连连接接词词that引引导导的的宾语宾语从句从句 n由由连连接接词词that引引导宾语导宾语从句从句时时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口在句中不担任任何成分，在口语语或非正或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句句时时,第二个分句前的第二个分句前的that不可省不可省。例如：。例如：nWe must never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句.12n注意：在注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist,desire,request,command,doubt等表示等表示要求、命令、要求、命令、建建议议、决定、决定等意等意义义的的动词动词后，后，宾语宾语从从句常用句常用“（should）+动词动词原形原形”。nI insist that she(should)do her work alone.我我坚坚持要她自己工作。持要她自己工作。nThe commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令司令员员命令部命令部队马队马上出上出发发。.注意：在demand，order，suggest，decid13n2.用用whether或或if引引导导的的宾语宾语从句，从句，其主其主语语和和谓语谓语的的顺顺序也不能序也不能颠颠倒，倒，仍保持仍保持陈陈述句述句语语序。此外，序。此外，whether与与if 在作在作“是否是否”的意思的意思讲讲时时在下列情况下一般只能用在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用，不用if：na.引引导导主主语语从句从句并在并在句首句首时时；b.引引导导表表语语从句从句时时；c.引引导导从句作从句作介介词宾语词宾语时时；d.从句后有从句后有“or not”时时；e.后接后接动词动词不定式不定式时时。.2.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺14nWhether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.nThe question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?nEverything depends on whether we have enough money.nI wonder whether he will come or not.nCan you tell me whether to go or to stay?.Whetherthereislifeonthem15宾语宾语从句中的从句中的“时态时态呼呼应应”与与“否定否定转转移移”若主句若主句谓语动词为谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的等，其后的宾语宾语从句若含从句若含有否定意有否定意义义，一般要把否定，一般要把否定词转词转移到主句移到主句谓语谓语上，从句上，从句谓语谓语用肯定式。例如：用肯定式。例如：Hetoldmethathe_hisjob.(已已经经完成了工作完成了工作)时态时态呼呼应应否定否定转转移移我我认为认为他不会来他不会来这这里里.I think he wont come here.()I dont think he will come here.()hadfinished.宾语从句中的“时态呼应”16n4.注意注意宾语宾语从句中的从句中的时态时态呼呼应应，当主，当主句句动词动词是是现现在在时时，从句根据自身的句，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同子情况，而使用不同时态时态。例如：。例如：I know(that)he studies English every day.I know(that)he studied English last term.I know(that)he will study English next year.I know(that)he has studied English since 1998.4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据17当主句当主句动词动词是是过过去去时态时态（could,would除外），从句除外），从句则则要用相要用相应应的的过过去去时态时态，如一般，如一般过过去去时时，过过去去进进行行时时，过过去将来去将来时时等；当从句表示等；当从句表示的是客的是客观观真理，科学原理，自然真理，科学原理，自然现现象，象，则则从句仍用从句仍用现现在在时态时态。例如：。例如：nThe teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则18宾语宾语从句中用从句中用it作形式作形式宾语宾语We think it our duty that we should help others.注意：如果主句中有形容注意：如果主句中有形容词词或名或名词词作作宾语补宾语补足足语时语时，一般用，一般用itit来作形式来作形式宾语宾语，把从句放在，把从句放在宾宾补补后面。后面。我我发现发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.宾语从句中用it作形式宾语Wethinkitourd19Exercises:“it”作形式主作形式主语语或形式或形式宾语宾语：1.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfullA.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel_strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.AwhileB.thatCifDfor4Willyouseeto_thattheluggageisbroughtback?A.weB.yourselfC.itD.themABBC.Exercises:“it”作形式主语或形式宾语：1.20在复合句中作主句的表在复合句中作主句的表在复合句中作主句的表在复合句中作主句的表语语语语.引引引引导导导导表表表表语语语语从句的关从句的关从句的关从句的关联词联词联词联词与引与引与引与引导导导导主主主主语语语语从句的关从句的关从句的关从句的关联词联词联词联词大致一大致一大致一大致一样样样样表表语语从句从句1.问题问题是我是我们们和他已失去和他已失去联联系系.2.这这就是亨利怎么解决就是亨利怎么解决这这个个问题问题的的.3.天看起来要下雨了天看起来要下雨了.Theproblemis_Thisis_.Itlooks_.thatwehavelosttouchwithhim.howHenrysolvedtheproblem.asifitisgoingtorain.在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的21n需要注意的，当主需要注意的，当主语语是是reason时时，表，表语语从句要用从句要用that引引导导而不是而不是because。nThe reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.【注意】【注意】whether 可引可引导导表表语语从句，但从句，但与之同与之同义义的的if却通常不用于引却通常不用于引导导表表语语从从句。句。.需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导22在句中起同位在句中起同位在句中起同位在句中起同位语语语语的作用的作用的作用的作用.一般放在名一般放在名一般放在名一般放在名词词词词fact,news,fact,news,ideaidea,promise,thought,suggestion,belief,truth,promise,thought,suggestion,belief,truth 等之后等之后等之后等之后,用用用用以以以以说说说说明或解明或解明或解明或解释释释释前面的名前面的名前面的名前面的名词词词词.引引引引导词导词导词导词有有有有连词连词连词连词 that(that(that(that(不能省不能省不能省不能省)；少数情况下也可用；少数情况下也可用；少数情况下也可用；少数情况下也可用连连连连接副接副接副接副词词词词等等等等.1.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.2.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.3.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.同位同位语语从句从句.在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,23n同位同位语语从句和从句和定定语语从句从句的区的区别别：nthat作作为为关系代关系代词词，可以引，可以引导导定定语语从句，充从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时宾语时可以省略；可以省略；that引引导导同位同位语语从句从句时时，起，起连词连词的作用，没的作用，没有有实际实际意意义义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。略。nI had no idea that you were here（that引引导导同位同位语语从句，不能省略）从句，不能省略）nHave you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引引导导定定语语从句，作从句，作宾语宾语，可以省略），可以省略）.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：.24Exercises1.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.(2006 上海春季上海春季)A.which B.that C.when D.why2.Do you have any idea_ is actually going on in the classroom?(2005辽辽宁宁)A.that B.what c.as D.which3.There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever.(2002上海上海)A.that B.which c.of which D.what4.Information has been put forward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as.Exercises1.Dorissuccesslies25(1)Theywanttoknow_dotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey(2)Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput(3)SomeoneisringingMary.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitisB BC CI.语语序序问题问题考点考点归纳归纳D D归纳归纳在在名名词词性性从从句句中中，除除了了关关联联词词在在从从句句之之首首外外，其它部分其它部分应应用用_的的语语序序。陈陈述述.(1)Theywanttoknow_do26II.用用if 或或whether 填空填空n1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.n2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.n3.The question is _ this book is worth writing.n4.It depends on _ we will have enough money.n5._ they can do it matters little to us.n6._ you are not free tomorrow,Ill go without youwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIfa.主主语语从从句句、表表语语从从句句、同同位位语语从从句句、介介词词后后面的面的宾语宾语从句只能用从句只能用_，不能用，不能用if；b.后面后面紧紧跟跟ornot时时,用用_.归纳归纳whetherwhether.II.用if或whether填空1.Idontk27III.that与与whether/if的的选择选择：(1)_knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.A.WhatB.WhereC.IfD.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.thatB.eitherC.whetherD.when(3)Idoubt_hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_hewillcomesoon.(5)Doyoudoubt_hewillcomesoon?whether/ifwhether/ifthatthatthatthat 表示是否表示是否时时用用_,表示肯定表示肯定时时用用_归纳归纳whether/ifthat.III.that与whether/if的选择：281._Icantunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2._theearthisroundisknowntousall.3._hewontheracewas_weexpected.that:what:_只起只起连连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义词义_起起连连接作用，且在从句中充当主接作用，且在从句中充当主语语，宾语宾语或表或表语语，表示表示“所所的的”。ThatWhatThatwhat归纳归纳.that，what引引导导名名词词性从句的区性从句的区别别.1._Icantunderstand29.what&whateverwho&whoeverwhich&whichever引引导导名名词词性从句的区性从句的区别别1._isworthdoingisworthdoingwell.2._weneedismoretime.3._madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.4._breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoevern _等引等引导导的名的名词词性从句性从句不不含有疑含有疑问问意意义义，相当于名，相当于名词词后加一个定后加一个定语语从句，从句，而而n_等引等引导导的名的名词词性从句都性从句都含有疑含有疑问问意意义义。Whoever,whateverWho,what.what&whatever引导名词性从句的区别1.301.Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.which B.thatC.whatever D.all what2.These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them.A.which B.thatC.whatever D.all what3._ kills,sells or eats wild animals or birds,is to blame.A.AnyoneB.Anyone whoC.Those whoD.ThoseExercises.1.Itsgenerallyconsideredu31.名名词词性从句中的虚性从句中的虚拟语拟语气：气：Hesuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.Itwassuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.Hissuggestionwasthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.Hemadeasuggestionthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.表示表示建建议议,请请求求,命令命令,要求要求,坚坚持持等的名等的名词词性从句中性从句中谓语动词谓语动词用虚用虚拟语拟语气气.归纳归纳.名词性从句中的虚拟语气：Hesuggestedth322.在主在主语语从句中用来表示从句中用来表示惊奇惊奇,不相信不相信,惋惜惋惜,理理应应如此如此等等,谓语动词谓语动词用虚用虚拟语拟语气气(should)+do,常用句型有常用句型有1)Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that2)Itisapity(ashame,nowonderetc,)thate.g.It is strange that she(should)think so.2.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇,不相信,惋惜,理应如此等,33试试区分以下句子区分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：注意：1.1.如果是定如果是定语语从句，它的从句肯定是从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系不完整的，关系词词肯定在句中充当成分的；而肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位同位语语从句中的从句中的thatthat只起只起连连接作用。接作用。2.2.定定语语从句是从句是对对先行先行词词起修起修饰饰作用，作用，而同位而同位语语从句从句则则解解释说释说明前面名明前面名词词的具体内容。的具体内容。(同从同从)(定从定从)拓展拓展.试区分以下句子Doyouknowthefactth341.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorders_theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that3.Thereason_Ihavetogois_mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;becauseConsolidation:.1.Thequestionis_thefilm354._Icantunderstandis_shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because5._hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif6.Itisknowntous_wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that.4._Icantunderstandis_367.Ihavetheinformation_.A.ofwhathellcomesoonB.thathellcomesoonC.ofthathellcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon8.-Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.-_itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak.7.Ihavetheinformation_379.Itremainsaquestion_wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what10.-CanIhelpyou?-Yes,doyouknow_?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes.9.Itremainsaquestion_w3811.Hemadeapromise_anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif12.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand_mademattersworsewas_nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what.11.Hemadeapromise_anyo3913.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfullA.itB.ThatC.theseD.them14.Ifeel_strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how15.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.（MET92）AwhileB.thatCifDfor.13.Ihate_whenpeopleta40
展开阅读全文