汽车英语培训课件

1aTypes of modern automobiles 现现代汽代汽车车种种类类Entire construct of automobile汽汽车车整体框架整体框架 Main technical specifications 主要技主要技术术参数、指参数、指标标Running principle of automobile汽汽车车运行原理运行原理2aUnit 1 Types of Modern Automobiles1）cars 轿车轿车轿车轿车 3）trucks卡卡车车2）passenger cars客客车车5）special type vehicle特种特种车辆车辆4）tractors and vehicle combination7）farm vehicle农农用用车车 8)off-road vehicle越野越野车车6）Self-dumping car自卸自卸车车 3aClassification of cars车车的分的分类类4aCrown（2.53L）Mazda/mzd/6（2.3L）CA770（55a2、with respect to engine arrangement and driving type engine arrangement and driving type发动发动机布局和机布局和驱动驱动方式方式Diagram图图（/daigrm/）front engine、front-wheel drive 发动机前置、前轮驱动front engine、rear-wheel drive发动机前置、后轮驱动Rear engine、rear-wheel drive发动机后置、后轮驱动6aPassenger Cars客客车车7aTruck8aTractor牵牵引引车车9aSpecial vehicle专专用用车车(/vi:ikl/交通工具交通工具,车辆车辆)fire engine 消防车parade vehicle旅行旅行车车(/preid/检阅检阅,游行游行)mail car 邮车10aUnit 2Entire structure of automobile1）engine 发动发动发动发动机机机机2）chassis底底盘盘(/si;tsi/底底盘盘3）body车车身身4）electric system电子系统11aUnit 3Main technical plete vehicle kerb mass整车整备质量2.maximum total mass 最大总质量3.maximum pay最大装置重量最大装置重量4.maximum axle mass 最大最大轴质轴质量（量（/ms/质质量量）5.vehicle length 车长车长6.Vehicle width 车宽车宽7.Vehicle height车车高高12a8.Wheelbase8.Wheelbase轴轴距距(/wi:lbeis/)9.track(tread)9.track(tread)轮轮距距 10.Front overhang 10.Front overhang 前前悬悬11.Rear overhang 11.Rear overhang 后后悬悬12.Minimum ground clearance 12.Minimum ground clearance 最小离地最小离地间间隙隙13.Aproach angle 13.Aproach angle 接近角接近角(/(/gl/角度角度)14.Departure angle14.Departure angle离去角离去角 15.Turning diameter15.Turning diameter转转弯直径弯直径(/(/daimit/直径直径)Main technical specifications主要技主要技术术指指标标13aUnit 4 Running Principle of the Automobile汽汽车车运行原理运行原理F0FtV MtF0=Mt/rRunning resistance运行阻力运行阻力（/rizistns/阻力阻力）Ffrolling resistance滚动滚动阻力阻力 Fw air resistance 空气阻力Fi gradient resistance 坡道阻力(/greidint/倾倾斜度斜度,坡度坡度)Total resistance F=Ff+Fw+Fi14aRelation between total resistance and tractive force total resistance and tractive forceRunning status运运转转状状态态Ft F Speedup增速增速Ft=F uniform speed匀速匀速 Ft F speed down减速减速Tractive force and adhesive force牵牵引力和附着力引力和附着力 Adhesive*(/dhi:siv/有粘性的有粘性的)force F F=G coefficient(/kuifint/系数系数)of adhesion 附着系数15aExtra large bus大客大客车车返回16aMedium and heavy truck中型中型货车货车和重型和重型货车货车（/mi:djm/适中的适中的,中等的中等的)17a 18aChapter 2Principle and Entire structure of Engine发动发动机原理和整体机原理和整体结结构构Elementary terms 基本基本术语术语Principle of four-stroke Engine 四冲程四冲程发动发动机原理机原理Principle of two stroke Engine两两驱发动驱发动机原理机原理Classification of the engine 发动发动机分机分类类19aSingle-cylinder engineCylinder气缸气缸Piston活塞活塞Piston pin活塞活塞销销Connecting rod连连杆杆Crankshaft曲曲轴轴Oil pipe机油管机油管Intake valve进进气气门门Exhaust valve排气排气门门 Timing gear正正时齿时齿轮轮Oil pump机油管机油管20aUnit 1 Elementary Termstop dead center(TDC)上止点上止点Bottom dead center(BDC)下止点下止点piston stroke(S)活塞行程、冲程活塞行程、冲程crank radius(R)曲柄半径曲柄半径(/reidjs/半径半径)actual displacement(V h)实际实际排量排量(/ktjul/实际实际的的)engine displacement(VL)发动发动机排量机排量combustion chamber volume(Vc)燃燃烧烧室容室容积积(/teimb/室,房间；/kmbstn/燃烧)total cylinder volume(Va)气缸气缸总总容容积积Operating cycle操作周期、操作周期、运转周期(/saikl/循环,周期)VL=V h i Vh=D2S 10-6/4 （L）Dcylinder diameter,mm 气缸直径气缸直径,气缸内径气缸内径,缸径缸径Spiston stroke,mm活塞行程活塞行程21aUnit 2 Principle of Four-stroke Engine四冲程四冲程发动发动机原理机原理Principle of Four-stroke gasoline Engine四冲程汽油四冲程汽油发动发动机原理机原理1、intake stroke 进进气行程气行程2、compress stroke 压缩压缩行程（行程（/km pres/压缩压缩）3、power stroke 动动力行程力行程4、exhaust stroke 排气冲程（排气冲程（/igz:st/排气排气）Working process of single cylinder four-stroke gasoline engine22a进进气气门门排气排气门门油油泵泵油管油管曲曲轴轴连连杆杆活塞活塞销销活塞活塞气缸气缸23a进气行程排气阀关闭进气阀开启气压线24a压缩行程压缩比25a作功行程26a压压力力线线排气行程排气行程(发动发动机的机的)示功示功图图(/rizidjul/残残余的余的,剩余的剩余的)残余残余废废气气27aT=12001500K p=105400 kPa Principle of Four-stroke diesel EngineInjector喷油器injection pump喷油泵Intake进气 Compress压缩 Power作功Exhaust排气Inlet valve进气门Exhaust Valve 排气门airT=300370K p=8090 kPa T=8001000K p=35 MPa T=8001000K p=105400 kPa 28aReal diagram of diesel engine（/di:zl/柴油）柴油）29aUnit 3 Classification of EngineInternal combustion engine 内燃机内燃机Water-cooling engine水冷水冷发动发动机机air-cooling engine风风冷冷发动发动机机Four-stroke engine四冲程四冲程发动发动机机Two-stroke engine两冲程两冲程发动发动机机 Gasoline engine汽油机汽油机Diesel engine柴油机柴油机Single-cylinder engine单单缸缸发动发动机机Multi-cylinder engine多缸多缸发动发动机机Cylinder-in-line arrangement单单列式列式发动发动机机V-arrangementInternal combustion engine内燃机内燃机Internal combustion engine 内燃机内燃机Internal combustion engine内燃机内燃机Internalcombustion engine内燃机内燃机30aUnit 4 Entire Structure of the Engine发动发动机的机的总总体构造体构造Two mechanisms两大机构两大机构Connecting rod曲柄曲柄连连杆杆Valve gear阀门阀门配气机构配气机构Five systems五大系五大系统统Fuel supply system供供给给系系Ignition system点火系点火系Cooling system冷却系冷却系统统Lubricating system润润滑系滑系Start system起起动动系系31aconnecting rod连连杆杆Flywheel飞轮飞轮Crankshaft凸凸轮轴轮轴Piston活塞活塞intake valveexhaust valvepush rod推杆推杆tappet挺杆挺杆timing gears正正时时皮皮带带/链链条条 Valve gear Connecting rod 32aCamshaft凸凸轮轴轮轴Rocker摇摇臂臂/杆杆33aEngine construction of Santana34aEngine cooling system of Santana35aEngine lubricating system of Santana（/lubricate/v.润润滑滑,涂油涂油）36aFuel supply system燃料供燃料供给给系系统统37aValve gear气气门门机构机构 backback38aGas Turbine（/t:bin,-bain/n.涡轮涡轮）燃气燃气涡轮涡轮机机 39aChapter 3 Connecting RodEngine body Piston and connecting rod Crankshaft and flywheel 40aUnit 1 Introduction Function Convert thermal(/:ml/热热的的,热热量的量的)energy into mechanical(/miknikl/机械的机械的,力学的力学的)energy used to move the piston up and down.将燃料燃将燃料燃烧时产烧时产生的生的热热能能转变为转变为活塞上下运活塞上下运动动的机械能的机械能.Convert reciprocating(/risiprkeit/互互换换,交交换换)motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft and produce power.将活塞的往复运将活塞的往复运动变为动变为曲曲轴轴的旋的旋转转运运动动而而对对外外输输出出动动力。力。Components Engine body Piston and connecting rod Crankshaft and flywheel41a工作条件工作条件受的力主要有受的力主要有气气压压力、力、惯惯性力、离心力、摩擦力性力、离心力、摩擦力（inertial/in:l/惯惯性的性的;centrifugal/sentrifjugl/离心的）冲冲冲冲击击击击力和震力和震力和震力和震动动动动42aUnit 2 Engine BodyComponents：Crankcase曲曲轴轴cylinder block气气缸体缸体Cylinder gasket气缸气缸垫垫cylinder headCylinder气缸气缸oil passage and water passage油道油道和水道和水道oil pan油底壳油底壳气缸盖43aCylinder block and crankcase气缸体和气缸体和曲曲轴轴箱箱cylinder block of audi10044aClassification1、water-cooling水冷水冷2、air-cooling风风冷冷cooling fin散散热热片片,冷冷却片却片 cylinder block and head of air-cooling engine 水冷水冷发动发动机的气缸体和气缸盖机的气缸体和气缸盖With respect to cooling method45aWith respect to cylinder arrangementIn-line直列式直列式V-type V V型型46aHorizontally opposed type水平水平对对置式（置式（/.hrizntli.hrizntli/水平的水平的,横的横的）47aCrankcase（oil pan）曲）曲轴轴箱（油底壳）箱（油底壳）Function:enclosing the crankshaft作用：密封曲作用：密封曲轴轴Oil pan of the engine 48aCylinder headFunction作用作用：Seal the top the cylinder and form the combustion chamber with the piston and the cylinder密封密封气缸的上部，与活塞、气缸等共同构成燃气缸的上部，与活塞、气缸等共同构成燃烧烧室。室。Operating condition工作条件工作条件：much heat load由于接触温由于接触温度很高的燃气，所以承受的度很高的燃气，所以承受的热负热负荷很大。荷很大。Material材料材料：grey iron or alloy（/合金合金）iron aluminium(/.ljuminim/铝铝)：灰：灰铸铁铸铁或或铝铝合金。合金。49acylinder gasket 气缸垫cylinder block气缸盖气缸盖cylinder head cover气缸盖罩气缸盖罩Pad衬垫衬垫to fit spark plug安装火花塞安装火花塞50aCombustion chamberType Diagram applicationHalf-ball半球形半球形Santana桑塔桑塔纳纳 Xiali夏利夏利 Citroen 富康富康Cuniform楔形楔形（/kju:niif:m/）Cherokee切切诺诺基基Basin-shape盆形盆形Jetta捷达捷达Audi奥迪奥迪51aCylinder gasket气缸气缸垫垫Function功用功用：fitted between the cylinder block and cylinder head to seal the area between them and prevent leakage of gas,oil and water.安装在气缸盖和气缸体之安装在气缸盖和气缸体之间间，保，保证证气缸盖与气气缸盖与气缸体接触面的密封，防止漏气、漏水和漏油。缸体接触面的密封，防止漏气、漏水和漏油。Material材料材料：flexible,withstand the heat,pressure and erode有有弹弹性、性、耐耐热热性、耐性、耐压压性、耐腐性、耐腐蚀蚀（/fleksbl/易弯曲的易弯曲的;/erode/腐腐蚀蚀,侵侵蚀蚀）Pay attention to the direction when fixing52aUnit 3 Piston and Connecting Rod 活塞和活塞和连连杆杆compression rings压缩环压缩环oil rings油油环环piston pin活塞活塞销销Piston活塞活塞connecting rod连连杆杆connecting rod bolt连连杆体螺栓杆体螺栓crank bearing half shell曲曲轴轴主主轴轴承半壳承半壳connecting rod cap连连杆盖杆盖53aPiston活塞活塞 Function功用功用：Withstanding gas pressure and force crankshaft to rotate承受气体承受气体压压力，并通力，并通过过活塞活塞销销和和连连杆杆驱驱使曲使曲轴轴旋旋转转。Working surroundings工作工作环环境境：operating under exceedingly difficult mechanical and thermal conditions高温、散高温、散热热条件差条件差（/iksi:dili/非常非常(极其极其,极度地极度地,很很);/:ml/热的,热量的）Material：aluminium,grey iron铝铝合金；灰合金；灰铸铸(/.ljuminim/铝铝)Characteristic特点特点A strong enough and rigid enough强强度和度和刚刚度好度好B good thermal conductivity（/.kndktiviti/传导传导性性），withstand high pressure,high temperature and wearing良好的良好的导热导热性，耐高性，耐高压压、耐高温、耐磨、耐高温、耐磨损损C light enough to reduce inertia forces质质地很地很轻轻可以降可以降低低惯惯性力性力54aComponents Piston top活塞活塞头头部部piston toppiston headpiston skirt55aClassification of piston topshapediagramflat平平顶顶Convex（/knveks/）凸凸顶顶concave(/knkeiv/)凹凹顶顶56aPiston head活塞活塞头头部部compression ring groove气气环环槽槽oil ring groove油油油油环环环环槽槽槽槽piston pin hole活塞活塞活塞活塞销销销销孔孔孔孔57aReal diagram of the pistonCompression ring groove气气环环槽槽Oil ring groove油油环环槽槽58aPiston skirt活塞裙部活塞裙部 Function:forming a bearing area in contact with the cylinder wall.形成一个支撑面形成一个支撑面连连接气缸壁接气缸壁59aSlotted piston（gasoline engine）开槽活塞（汽油机）（开槽活塞（汽油机）（有槽的有槽的）Heat dam隔隔热热槽槽Expand slot扩展槽Circle groove环环槽槽60aPiston rings活塞环Compression rings and oil rings 气气环环和油和油环环Working conditions：High temperature,high pressure,high speed,hardlylubricated 高温、高高温、高压压、高速、不易、高速、不易润润滑。滑。Longevity（/lndeviti/长长寿寿）：60,000 kilometers 1）compression ring 气气环环 To prevent compression leakage and transmit(/trnzmit/传传输输)most of the heat from piston head to cylinder wall and the heat is carried by cooling water防止气体泄漏，将活塞防止气体泄漏，将活塞头头部部的的热热量量传给传给气缸壁，并由水冷系气缸壁，并由水冷系统传输热统传输热量量notch61aClearance of piston ring活塞活塞环环隙隙side clearance侧侧隙隙back clearance背隙背隙endplay端隙端隙62a2）oil control ringsscraperaxial linerradial linerscrapercompound oil ring组组合合环环ordinary oil ring普通普通环环63aPiston pinFunction：connecting piston with small end of connecting rod and transmit gas pressure exerted on the piston to connecting rod.连接活塞和连杆小头，并传递活塞的力给连杆。（/igz:t/发挥,运用,施以影响）64aConnection of piston pin活塞活塞销销的的连连接方式接方式connecting rod连连杆杆piston pin活活塞塞销销full-floating type全浮式semi-floating type半半浮式浮式65aConnecting rod Function:It is attached to the crankshaft and the piston.It converts the reciprocate of piston into rotary motion of crankshaft.连连接曲接曲轴轴和活塞，并和活塞，并将活塞的力传给曲轴，变活塞的往复运动为曲轴的旋转运动。(/risiprkeit/互换,交换,报答;/rutri/旋转的)Small endConnecting rod bushingConnecting rodBig endConnecting rod half shellsConnecting rod cap66aConnecting rod Arrangement of V-type engine V型发动机连杆的布置形式Parataxis type(/.prtksis/并列)并列式main and slave connecting rod主副式主副式fork and blade connecting rod叉式叉式67aConnecting rod bearing连连杆杆轴轴承承 68aConnecting style of big endHalve TypeInclined splitting type69aUnit 4 Crankshaft and Flywheel曲曲轴飞轮组轴飞轮组cranking claw起起动动爪爪timing gear正正时时齿轮齿轮main bearing主主轴轴瓦瓦belt pulley皮皮带轮带轮tortional vibration damper扭扭转转减振器减振器Flywheel飞轮飞轮flywheel bolt飞轮飞轮螺栓螺栓crankshaft曲曲轴轴70a曲曲轴轴把活塞把活塞把活塞把活塞连连连连杆杆杆杆组传组传组传组传来的气体来的气体来的气体来的气体压压压压力力力力转变为转变为转变为转变为扭矩扭矩扭矩扭矩对对对对外外外外输输输输出。出。出。出。还还还还用来用来用来用来驱动发动驱动发动驱动发动驱动发动机的配气机构及其他各种机的配气机构及其他各种机的配气机构及其他各种机的配气机构及其他各种辅辅辅辅助装置。助装置。助装置。助装置。工作条件：受气体工作条件：受气体工作条件：受气体工作条件：受气体压压压压力、力、力、力、惯惯惯惯性力、性力、性力、性力、惯惯惯惯性力矩。承受交性力矩。承受交性力矩。承受交性力矩。承受交变载变载变载变载荷的冲荷的冲荷的冲荷的冲击击击击。71aCrankshaft and Flywheel72a