油田钻机安全课件

OilFieldSafetyBillLuther,APS-FSR1 Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition2REMEMBER.No job is so important and No service is so urgent that we cannot take time to perform our work safely.3IntroductionlThisorientationisconcernedwith SAFETY IN THE OILFIELD,not the mechanical aspects of oilfield work.lThisorientationincludes:lSAFETYPROGRAM,lINSPECTIONS/AUDITS,lSAFETYMEETINGS,lHAZARDAWARENESS,lHAZARDABATEMENT,lACCIDENTINVESTIGATION,lACCIDENTREPORTINGlPERSONALPROTECTIVEEQUIPMENT4Discussionsinclude:InspectiontechniquesHazardRecognitionHazardAwarenessHazardAbatementLockout-TagoutHaz-ComGeneralH2SInfoInvestigations5Thisorientationistohelpacquaintthosepersonnelwithoilfieldsafetyrules,regulationsand/orprocedures,particulartothiscompany.ThisorientationisNOT certification.6SAFETY.is part of everyday living.It is an importantconsiderationforeveryoneineverythinghe/shedoes,inthehome,atworkorplay,onstreetsandhighwayswhereverhe/shegoes.Safe operating practices and procedures are vital in the drillingbusiness because the work is hazardous,involving massivemachinery,heavytoolsandgreatphysicalstrength.Whenaccidentsdooccur,theworkcanbeaseriousperiltolifeandlimb.Drillingpersonnelmustknowhowtoworksafelyonariginordertoprotectthemselves,costlyrigequipment,andtheexpensiveholebeingdrilled.7Everyone loses from an accident.Injuries result in pain andsufferingandmayleaveapersondisabledorhandicappedforlife.Evenminorinjuriesmaycauselossoftimefromworkandlostpay.Insurancebenefitsarehelpful,butcompensationpaymentscannotrestorealife,hand,eyeorleg.Damagedmachineryandequipmentcan usually be repaired but almost always at considerable cost,particularlyifdowntimeistakenintoaccount.An expensive well may be lost because of the oversight of theincompetenceofoneperson.Blowoutsandfirescauselossesoflifeandequipmentandwastepreciousoilandgasfromundergroundreservoirs.8Morethan90%of all accidents are avoidable,beingcausedbyhumanerrorratherthanbymechanicalfailure.Itisextremelyimportantthateverypersononadrillingrigdevelop a sense of safetyindrillingoperations.Thatpersonmustusethissenseincombinationwiththekindofgoodjudgmentittakestodriveacarsafely,ortodoanythingelseinasafemanner.9VocabularyListing of select vocabulary wordslANSIAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute.lApprovedSanctioned,endorsed,accredited,certified,oracceptedbyadulyconstitutedandrecognizedauthorityoragency.lAuthorizedPersonApersonapprovedorassignedbytheemployertoperformaspecifictypeofdutyordutiesortobeataspecificlocationorlocationsatthejobsite.10VocabularycontdlCompetent PersonOnewhoiscapableof identifying existing and predictablehazards in the surround or workingconditionswhichareunsanitary,hazardous,or dangerous to employers and who hasauthorization to take prompt correctivemeasures to eliminate them,or who canrecommenddirectlytopersonsinauthoritythatsuchcorrectivemeasuresbetaken.11VocabularycontdlGuardedCovered,shielded,fenced,enclosed,orotherwiseprotectedbymeansofsuitablecovers,orcasings,barrierrails,safetybars,orscreenstoeliminatethepossibilityofaccidentalcontactwith,ordangerousapproachbypersonsorobjects.lHazardAnyoccupationalconditionorcircumstancewhichislikelytocausedeath,injuryorillness.12VocabularycontdlHazardous Substance one by reason of beingexplosive,flammable,poisonous,corrosive,oxidizing,irritating,orotherwiseharmful,islikelytocauseoccupationaldeath,injuryorillness.lQualifiedonewhobypossessionofarecognizedegreecertificate,orprofessionalstanding,orwhobyextensiveknowledge,trainingandexperiencehassuccessfullydemonstratedabilitytosolveorresolveproblemsrelatingtothesubjectmatter,thework,ortheproject.13VocabularycontdlShouldmeansrecommended.lSuitable that which fits,and has thequalities or qualifications to meet a givenpurpose,occasion,condition,function orcircumstance.lSupervisor person who has been givencontrol,direction and/or supervision ofworkprovidedbyoneormoreemployees.14VocabularycontdlVariance an exception to a promulgatedstandard,rule or regulation granted by theDepartmentofLabor,orappropriateagency.lWellServicinganyactionorworkotherthantheoriginal drilling of the well,related,but notlimited to the completion,re-completion,downholdmaintenance,orterminationofthewell.15Oil Company/Operator Has control of the casing and themudprogrambeingfolloweddrillingthewell.Drilling ContractorHeadofdrillingoperation.Determinestheoverallsafetypractices/policiesandthemannerinwhichasafetyprogramiscarriedoutbythevarioussupervisors.Drilling SuperintendentRepresentstopmanagementofthedrillingcontractor.Supervisestheoperationsofseveralrigsinthearea.Tool pusherDirectlyresponsibletothedrillingsuperintendentfor carrying out work assigned to the rig.Supervise allpersonnel,ensuresmachineryisinasafeoperatingcondition.Investigateseachaccidentorinjurytodetermineitscause.16DrillerWorksdirectlyunderthetoolpusher.Responsibleforworkofthecrewandoperationoftherig.Thedrillersetsthepumpspeedandpressure,operatesthedrawworksandrotaryandmanipulatesthecontrolstooperatetherotaryanddrillstemtomakehole.Crew MembersMustworkforsafetyasateam!Mustknehis/herjobandstayconstantlyalerttowhatisgoingon.UsePPE.Usepropertools.Learntoforeseeandpreventaccidents.Usestairsandladdersasintended.17ASamplingofOSHAViolations&StandardsCited1.Employee riding the traveling blocks 5(a)(1)2.No geronimo line from monkey board 5(a)(1)3.Floor holes in rig floor/crown walk around-1910.23(a)4.Safety goggles not clean and in good repair-1910.1335.Break Out Tongs wire clips had U-bolt on live end of line.5(a)(1)6.Kelly hose not secured with chains 5(a)(1)7.V-Door opening not guarded-1910.2318OSHA STANDARDSOSHAsgeneralindustrystandardsdonotadequatelyaddressanumberofhazardsuniquetotheindustry.Yet,OSHAisissuingcitations for hazards under the GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE(Sec 5(a)(1)19HAZARDAWARENESS20UNIQUEHAZARDSTOTHEOILANDGASINDUSTRYCatheadsPoorMachineGuardingRotaryTablesHighPressureHosesGasesFallsSlippingTripping21HealthandSafetyProceduresAnd,the interaction of each with the other!Alwaysgivecarefulconsiderationto:Man.Machine.Environment.22HealthandSafetyProceduresSomeelementsofaGOODsafetyprogramManagementpolicyEmployeeselection/placementEmployeeorientation/trainingEducationalactivitiesEmployeemeetingsInspectionsAccidentreportingSafetyresponsibilities23HAZARDRECOGNITION24New Mexico based land drilling rig.If you are the derrick man and weather like this is approaching,what do you do?25Cathead=PinchPoint26Hazards are generally grouped into two(2)broad categories:1.Safety and Injury Hazards2.Health and Illnesses Hazards.3.Always remember to include hazards that involve property4.and Environmental damage.27TONGS SPINNING CHAINCut off fingers,thumbsSmashed fingers,hands etcTEAM WORK!Be a Team,Work TogetherWatch out for each other28WhatCausesInjuries?TexasWorkersCompensationInsuranceFund200178%78%20%20%UnsafeConditions20%ActsofGod2%UnsafeActs78%UNSAFECONDITIONSUNSAFEACTSACTSOFGOD29RecognitionofHazardslIdentifyunsafeactsandconditionslDeterminethecorrectiveactionslImplementcorrectiveactionsTexasWorkersCompensationInsuranceFund200130Hazard Identification:(examples)Danger of striking against,being struck by,or making contact with an object?Are rotating equipment or other projections exposed Nip points,such as a belt,sheave,chain,gear?Reciprocating movement to be caught on or between?Hand/arm contact with moving parts at the point of operation?31Material kick back or ejection from the point of operation?Machine controls safeguarded?Do machines vibrate,move,or walk while in operation?Parts to become loose or lodged during operation.Guards positioned or adjusted?Bypass guard or lockout device?32Machines/equipment receive regular maintenance?Machines operations sufficient for safe work?Room for maintenance operations?Materials being handled adequately for work?Are tools,jigs,work fixtures stored not to interfere with work?Work area well illuminated.Ventilation adequate.PPE used?Housekeeping satisfactory?Energy sources controlled for maintenance?33Canyoufindthehazard(s)?123434IsthereaHazard?35IsthereaHazard?36How about this?See any problems with this?37Is this a hazard?38How about now?39LookFamiliar?40Whatproblemsdoyouseewiththesepictures?41What is really the HAZARD?42Rotary Guard43HAZARDABATEMENT44HowHazardsareControlledAt its source.Along its path.(erect a barricade between the hazard and the worker.)At the worker.(remove the worker from the exposure,such as automated/remote controls,worker rotation,providing PPE when all options have been exhausted.)Monitoring activities(locate new hazards and assess the effectiveness of existing controls.)45Preventative and Corrective MeasuresThe implementation of Control Measures:1.Administrative (through personnel,management,monitoring,limiting worker exposure,measuring performance,training and education,housekeeping and maintenance,purchasing.)2.Engineering (isolation of source,lockout procedure,design,process or procedural changes,monitoring and warning equipment,chemical or material substitution.)3.PPE (body protection,fall protection.)46GENERAL“H2S”INFO.(NON-CERTIFIEDNON-CERTIFIED)47ITS THE LAW!IntheStateofTexas,allpersonsworkingintheoilfieldwhereH2SconcentrationsareknownMUSTcompleteaH2Scertificationcourseannually.Theobjectiveistoeducateemployeesaboutthephysical&chemicalproperties,toxicity,concentrationlevels,personalprotectiveequipmentuse,detectionmeasures,rescueandfirstaid.ThebestwaywaytoreducethechanceofemployeeexposuretoH2Sistoprovidedthebestpossibletraining,provideappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipment,andensureemploysfollowthecorrectworkprocedures,rulesandrequirements.48COMMONSOURCESOFH2SNaturally in natureOilFieldsMinesVolcanoesGeothermalExplorationThrough decay of organic matterFishingindustryTanneries-ManureProcessingMunicipalsewers-BreweryIndustryLandfillsChemical ProcessesByProductCatalystFeltMakingAsphaltRoofing49H2SorToxicGasExposureHydrogenSulfidecharacterizedbyanodorofrotteneggs.Averysmallconcentrationcanbefatal.Whenencountered,employeesmustwearapprovedtypemaskswhentheirworkrequiresthemtobeexposedtothegas,inanyway.50H2SorToxicGasExposureHydrogenSulfideishighlytoxic,colorless,andheavierthanair.Ithastheodorofrotteneggs,initially.Mostfrequentlyencounteredintheproductionandrefiningofhighsulfurpetroleumandinnaturalgas.ItburnswithablueflameandproducesSulfurDioxide.Itformsanexplosivemixturewithair.TheLFLis4.3%andtheUFLis45.5%.51H2SorToxicGasExposureItsodorisNOTareliablewarningsignalbecausehigherconcentrationsofthegastemporarilydestroysthesenseofsmell.ThisistheprimaryreasonforemployeesnotdetectingthepresenceofH2Sandconsequentlyinhalingalethalamount.TheonlypositivemeansisbytestingwithanapprovedH2Sdetector.DO NOT RELYSOLELY ON THE SENSE OF SMELL!52H2SorToxicGasExposureGeneral ProceduresAnyareawhereH2Shasbeenreportedorencountered,orwheretheisinsufficientoxygen,thereshouldbeNOentryuntilsufficienttestshavebeemadetodeterminetheextentofthehazardandtheareaispurgedtoreducethehazardtoallowableconcentrations.53H2SorToxicGasExposureGeneral Procedures-contdToxicatmospheres,theemployershouldrequireproperrespiratoryequipmenttobeusedbyatrainedemployee,requiredtoenterthearea.Employeesrequiredtoentershouldberequiredtowearasafetyharnesswithtaillineforemergencyretrieval.Arescuewatch,stationedoutsideofthehazardareawithproperrescueequipmentisalsorequiredtoassistincaseofemergency.54H2SorToxicGasExposureGeneral Procedures-contdCanister-typefiltermasksshouldnotbeused.Employeesshouldberequiredtowearselfcontainedrespirators(SCBA)inthoseatmosphereswheretestsindicatedoxygencontentislessthannecessarytosustainlife.55H2SorToxicGasExposureGeneral Procedures-contdAllemployeesshouldbetrainedandperiodicallyrefreshedintheuseandoperationofbreathingequipmentavailableonthejob.Medicalpersonnelreadilyavailableforconsultonmattersofoccupationalhealth.Emergencynumbersshouldbeconspicuouslyposted.56H2SorToxicGasExposureGeneral Procedures-contdAtleastoneemployee,ifnotmore,pershifttrainedin1staidandCPR,andbeon-site.Whereharmfulchemicalsarebeingused,readilyaccessiblefacilitiesshouldbeavailableforrapidflushingoftheeyesand/orskinareas.57H2SorToxicGasExposureGENERALFIRSTAIDCONSIDERATIONS-Fresh air!(Rescuers must exercise caution!)-If unconscious/not breathing immediately provide rescuebreathing.-Summons a doctor ASAP!-Give oxygen after cleaning oil from the injured employees face.58H2SorToxicGasExposureNEVERFORGETTHATHYDROGENSULFIDEISADEADLYGAS.TAKE NO CHANCES WITH IT!KNOWWHATCONCENTRATIONOFTHEGASISPRESENTBEFOREDOINGANYWORKINIT.59EMERGENCY RESCUEInanemergency,the first thing to remember,is to get to a safe place,then.1.Callforemergencyservices2.2.Putontheproperrescuepersonalprotectiveequipment3.3.Locatevictimsandmovetosafefreshairareas.Alwaysmoveupwindorcrosswindtosafeareas.4.4.AdministerrescuebreathingorCPRifnecessary.5.5.Seekmedicalattentionimmediately.60LOCKOUT/TAGOUTThe Control of Hazardous Energy61Lockout/tagoutLockout/tagoutproceduresproceduresareareforforyouryoursafety.safety.TheyThey areare designeddesigned toto preventprevent accidentsaccidents&injuriesinjuries causedcaused byby thethe accidentalaccidental releaserelease ofofenergy.energy.TheseTheseproceduresprocedurespreventpreventworkersworkersfromfrombeingbeingaccidentallyaccidentally exposedexposed toto injuriesinjuries andand eveneven lifelifethreateningthreateningsituationssituationswithwithenergizedenergizedequipment.equipment.62The Occupational Safety and Health The Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA)regulatesAdministration(OSHA)regulateslockout/tagout through the Control oflockout/tagout through the Control ofHazardous Energy standard,found at 29Hazardous Energy standard,found at 29CFR 1910.147.CFR 1910.147.63Before the standard went into effect in 1984,OSHA estimated the failure to controlhazardous energy sources caused:l l10 percent of serious industrial accidentsl l33,000 lost workdays each yearl lLoss of about 140 lives each year64ScopeandApplicationl lGeneralIndustryemployeescoveringtheservicingandmaintenanceofmachinesandequipmentinwhichtheunexpectedstart-uporthereleaseofstoredenergycouldcauseinjurytoemployees.(If(Ifemployeesemployeesareareperformingperformingserviceserviceorormaintenancemaintenancetaskstasksthatthatdodonotnotexposeexposethemthemtotothethe unexpectedunexpected releaserelease ofof hazardoushazardous energy,energy,thethe standardstandard doesdoes notnotapply.)apply.)65Thestandarddoesnotapplyinthefollowingsituations:lWhileservicingormaintainingcordandplugconnectedelectricalequipment.(The hazards must be controlled by unplugging the equipment from the energy source;the plug must be under the exclusive control of the employee performing the service and/or maintenance.)66NormalProductionOperationsThelockout/tagoutrulemayapplyduringnormal operations in some instances.Ifaservicingactivity-suchaslubricating,cleaning,orun-jammingtheproductionequipment-takesplaceduringproduction,employeesperformingtheservicingarecoveredbylockout/tagoutwhenanyofthefollowingconditionsoccurs:67l lTheTheemployeeemployeemustmusteithereitherremoveremoveororbypassbypassmachineguardsorothersafetydevicesmachineguardsorothersafetydevicesl lTheTheemployeeemployeeisisrequiredrequiredtotoplaceplaceanyanypartpartofofhishisororherherbodybodyinincontactcontactwithwiththethepointpointofof operationoperation ofof thethe operationaloperational machinemachine ororpieceofequipment;orpieceofequipment;or68lThe employee is required to placeany part of his or her body into adangerzoneassociatedwithamachinesoperatingcycle.In the above situations,the equipment must be de-energized and locks ortags must be applied to the energy-Isolation devices.69WhatisLockout?l lThe process of preventing the flow of energy from a power source to a piece of equipment,and keeping it from operating.l lIs accomplished by installing the lockout device at the power source so that equipment powered by the source cannot be operated.70WhatisTagout?l lThe placement of a tag on the power source.It acts as a warning,not to restore energyIt is not a physical restraint.Tags mustclearly state:DO NOT OPERATE or thelike,and must be applied by hand.71Energy-IsolatingDevicel lMechanical device that physicallypreventsthetransmissionorreleaseof energy.Such as manually-operated electrical circuit breakers,disconnectswitches,linevalves,andblocks.72Energy-IsolatingDevicesl lGuardsGuardsagainstagainstaccidentalaccidentalmachinemachineororequipmentequipment start-upstart-up oror thethe unexpectedunexpected re-re-energizingenergizingofofequipmentequipmentduringduringservicingservicingorormaintenance.maintenance.l lTheseThese includeinclude thingsthings suchsuch as,as,manuallymanuallyoperatedoperatedelectricalelectricalcircuitcircuitbreakers,breakers,disconnectswitches,linevalves,andblocks.disconnectswitches,linevalves,andblocks.73Energy-IsolatingDevices(contd)l lWhenWhen thethe energy-isolatingenergy-isolating devicedevice cannotcannotbebe lockedlocked out,out,thethe employeremployer mustmust useusetagouttagoutorormodifymodifyororreplacereplacethethedevicedevicetotomakeitcapableofbeinglocked.makeitcapableofbeinglocked.l lWhenWhenusingusingtagout,tagout,employersemployersmustmusttraintraintheiremployeesinthelimitationsoftags.theiremployeesinthelimitationsoftags.74Energy-IsolatingDevices(contd)l lWhenevermajorreplacement,repair,renovationormodificationofmachinesorequipmentisperformedand whenever new machines orequipmentareinstalledorpurchased,theenergy-isolatingdevicesforsuchmachinesorequipmentmustbelockable.75AuthorizedEmployeesl lAuthorized employees physically lock or tag out equipment for servicing or maintenance.Note that these individuals are not necessarily the people who normally operate the equipment.76AffectedEmployeesl lAre Are those those workers workers whose whose job job requires requires them them to to operate operate equipment equipment subject subject to to lockout/tagout,lockout/tagout,or or those those employees employees who who work work in in areas areas where where lockout/tagout lockout/tagout is is used.used.Your Your employer employer will will inform you if you are an affected employee.inform you if you are an affected employee.l lAn An affected affected employee employee becomes becomes an an“authorized”“authorized”employee employee whenever whenever he he or or she she performs performs servicing servicing or or maintenance maintenance functions functions on on machines machines or or equipment equipment that that must must be be locked locked or or tagged.tagged.77SomeoftheenergysourcesthatrequireLockout/Tagoutl lElectricalElectricall lMechanicalMechanicall lPneumatic(involving gases,especially air)Pneumatic(involving gases,especially air)l lHydraulic(involving fluids,especially water)Hydraulic(involving fluids,especially water)l lChemicalChemicall lThermalThermall lWater Under Pressure(or steam)Water Under Pressure(or steam)l lGravityGravityl lPotentialPotential78EmployeeTrainingl lTheemployermustprovideeffectiveinitial training and retraining asnecessaryandmustcertifythatsuchtraininghasbeengiventoallemployeescoveredbythestandard.The certification must contain eachemployeesnameanddatesoftraining.79l lTheTheemployersemployerstrainingtrainingprogramprogramforforauthorizedauthorized employeesemployees(those(those whowho arearechargedchargedwithwiththetheresponsibilityresponsibilityforforimplementingimplementingthetheenergyenergycontrolcontrolproceduresproceduresandandperformingperformingthetheserviceserviceandandmaintenance)maintenance)mustmustcover,cover,atatminimum,minimum,thethefollowingareas;followingareas;details about the type and magnitude of the hazardous energy sources present in the workplace.the methods and means necessary to isolate and control those energy sources(that is,the elements of the energy control procedure)80l lAffectedemployees(usuallythemachine operators or users)and allotheremployeesneedonlybeableto(1)recognizewhenthecontrolprocedure is being implemented,and(2)understand the purpose of theprocedure and the importance of notattemptingtostartuporuseequipmentthathasbeenlockedortaggedout.81l lEverytrainingprogrammustensurethat all employees