英语语音语调基础课件

Foundation of English Pronunciation and IntonationnFoundation of English Pronunci2OutlinenI.Introduction nII.Speech OrgansnIII.English PronunciationnIV.English IntonationnV.Rhythmic SkillsnVI.Summaryn2OutlineI.Introduction 3I.Introductionn1.cat vs.cut;leave,let vs.feel,schooln2.top tea,sit still,lag behind n3.stop Peter,take Kim,big grapesn4.beam,boom,soon,pete petition;solid vs.solidity analysis vs.analyticn6.The day is beautiful,isnt it?n3I.Introduction1.cat vs.cut4Question:The English suffix-er can be added to some place names but not to some other place names.nColumn AColumn BnLondoner*TorontoernNew Yorker*DenverernNewfoundlander*PhiladephiaernLong Islander*San Franciscoern4Question:The English suffix 5II.Speech OrgansnThree cavities:Pharyngeal cavityOral cavity Nasal cavityn5II.Speech OrgansThree caviti6 6Pharyngeal Cavityl lPharyngeal cavityn6Pharyngeal CavityPharyngeal c7Position of the vocal folds:VOICELESS When the vocal folds are apart,the air can pass through easily without vibration and the sound produced is voiceless.n7Position of the vocal folds:8Position of the vocal folds:VOICED When vocal folds are drawn together,the airstream causes them to vibrate against each other and the sound produced is voiced.n8Position of the vocal folds:9 9Oral&Nasal Cavitiesn9Oral&Nasal Cavities10III.English PronunciationnEnglish soundsConsonantsn24/28Vowelsn12+8n10III.English PronunciationEn11Description of ConsonantsnVowels vs.consonants:Obstruction of air streamnQuestions:1.What is the difference between vowels/consonants and voiced sounds/voiceless sounds?2.Do they have any overlapping?n11Description of ConsonantsVow1212English Consonantsn12English Consonants1313Vowel shape and vowel positionn13Vowel shape and vowel positi1414English vowel soundsn14English vowel sounds15IV.English IntonationnMajor intonational concepts1.Syllable2.Stress3.Intonationn15IV.English IntonationMajor 161.SyllablenA syllable must have a nucleus/peak,which is usually the task of a vowel.Exceptions are some consonants l,m,n as in“table,bottom,cotton”.nSyllable Structuren161.SyllableA syllable must h1717The Syllabic Structure An open syllable or a closed syllable?n17The Syllabic Structure An op18Maximal Onset Principle(MOP)nMOP:When there is a choice as to where to place a consonant,it is put into the onset rather than the coda.E.g.telling,respect,inorganicE.g.conservative,mosquitoE.g.meaning vs.singingn18Maximal Onset Principle(MOP192.Stress nStress refers to the degree of force used in producing a syllable.stressed syllablesunstressed syllablesnQuestion:Do one-syllable words have stress?Why or why not?n192.Stress Stress refers to t2020The rule of stress:Stress in wordsn20The rule of stress:Stress i2121The rule of stress:Stress in wordsn21The rule of stress:Stress i22 VerbnconVICTninSULTnproDUCEnreBEL NounnCONvictnINsultnPROducenREbelVerb vs.Nounn22 Verb NounVerb vs.No23nBLACKboardnHOTdognGREENhousenblack BOARDnhot DOGngreen HOUSECompound PhraseCompound vs.Phrasen23BLACKboardblack BOARDCompoun243.IntonationnTypes of intonation in English1.Falling tone2.Rising tone3.Fall-rise toneWhy is intonation classified according to the notion of tone?How is intonation realized in these English sentences?n243.IntonationTypes of intona25It was a very cold day._n25It was a very cold day.26It was a very cold day._n26It was a very cold day.27 You neednt have told him._n27 You neednt have told him.28 You neednt have told him._n28 You neednt have told him.29Falling toneQuestions and responsesn-What will you have?n-Ill have a hotdog and a coke.n-What time is it?n-Its a quarter past four.n29Falling tone30Falling toneQuestions and responsesn-What will you have?n-Ill have a hotdog and a coke.n-What time is it?n-Its a quarter past four.n30Falling tone31Rising toneYes/no questions and responsesAre you coming later?If I can.May I help you?Yes,Ill have a hotdog.Shall I wait for you?No,you go ahead.n31Rising tone32Rising toneYes/no questions and responsesnAre you coming later?If I can.nMay I help you?Yes,Ill have a hotdog.nShall I wait for you?No,you go a head.n32Rising tone33Fall-rise toneQuestions/statements and responsesn-Do you know German?n-I can read it.n-Everyone knows about it.n-Well,not everyone.n33Fall-rise tone34Fall-rise toneQuestions/statements and responsesn-Do you know German?n-I can read it.n-Everyone knows a bout it.n-Well,not everyone.n34Fall-rise tone35The Use of English IntonationThe falling tone:-indicating definiteness and completeness Types of sentences:Ordinary statementsWh-questionsImperative sentencesExclamatory sentencesn35The Use of English Intonatio36The rising tone:-indicating uncertainty,incompleteness or politenessTypes of sentences:Yes-no questions Statements intended as questionsStatements intended to be soothing or encouragingRepetition questionsn36The rising tone:37The fall-rise tone:-showing contrast,implication,disagreement,contradiction,or warning,etc.Types of sentences:Statements where contrast is impliedStatements which imply reservationStatements which show disagreement or contradictionWarningsn37The fall-rise tone:38nRead the sentences with proper intonationI really hate that boy.Are you going to hate him?What are you looking for?Do you love the girl you are looking for?I will not read the book for you.Whats your name?Dont worry about it.n38Read the sentences with prop39V.Rhythmic Skillsu1.Linkingu2.Assimilationu3.Elisionu4.Contractionu5.Weak Formn39V.Rhythmic Skills1.Linking401.Linking:Consonant to VowelnThe pattern:a word ends in a consonant+next word starts with a vowelnFor example,in the phrase turn off We write it like this:turn offWe say it like this:tur noffn401.Linking:Consonant to Vo41nIf youre linking the same sound,you should simply hold the sound a little longer:had difficulties;kiss someonemake coffeenWhen two words are separated by more than two consonants,treat them as consonant sequences:next Friday;beast memoryhelp youConsonant linkingn41If youre linking the same s42nTo link the final vowels/:/or/to a following by adding the/sound:answer it:answer ritthe idea of:the idea rofn/and/before/sound:wont you:/could you:/n42To link the final vowels/:43lThe plane is here.lThe play is here.lWe arrive at 9.lWe arrived at 9.lIm going to bite it.lIm going to buy it.lKeep playing.lKey playing.Read and find out the differencesn43The plane is here.Read and 442.AssimilationnAssimilation:surrounding sound influence1.One sound is replaced by another sound under the influence of its neighbor.2.Two neighboring sounds influence each other and are replaced by a third sound which is different from the original sounds.n442.AssimilationAssimilation:45Assimilation Rules-1n/to/with thanks;breathe slowlyn/z/to/s/these socks;He was sevenn/v/to/f/Of course;Weve found itn45Assimilation Rules-1/to/46Assimilation Rules-2n/t/to/k/before/k,g/that cup;that girln/d/to/b/before/p,b,m/good pen;good boyn/d/to/g/before/k,g/good concert;good girln46Assimilation Rules-2/t/to/47Assimilation Rules-3n/n/to/m/before/p,b,m/ten players;ten boys;ten menn/n/to/before/k,g/ten cups;ten girlsn47Assimilation Rules-3/n/to/48Assimilation Rules-4n/s/to/before/,j/this shop;this yearn/z/to/before/,j/Has she?Those young menn/z/+/j/=/Does your father work?Has your friend arrived?n48Assimilation Rules-4/s/to/493.ElisionnElision:the dropping of a sound or soundsnExamples:robbery,murderer,camera suffering,nursery,ordinaryfamily,handbag,Februaryn493.ElisionElision:the dropp504.ContractionnContraction:the dropping or abbreviated pronunciation of continuous soundsnExamples:are not was notdid not will notmust not could notneed not is notn504.ContractionContraction:t515.Weak FormsnSome words have both a strong form and a weak form.The strong form:when the word is used in isolation or in connected speech in which the word should be stressed or citedThe weak form:in unstressed positionsn515.Weak FormsSome words have52Weak Form Featuresn1.The difference in vowel soundsE.g.but/bt/,/bt/n2.The absence of a soundE.g.and/nd/,/nd/,/n/,/n/n3.The difference in the length of a vowelE.g.been/bi:n/,/bin/n52Weak Form Features1.The dif53VI.SummarynCritical elements of oral EnglishPronunciationIntonational patternsRhythmic skillsKnowledgeInterpersonal skillsn53VI.SummaryCritical elements54Knowledge&communicationuProf.Xia:Would you like to have a cup of tea?uProf.James:Should I reply in English way or Chinese way?uProf.Xia:In English way.uProf.James:Then,yes.uProf.Xia:Tea in English way as well?uProf.James:No,in Chinese way this time.uProf.Xia:Jolly good.Youve saved me.Just out of milk.uProf.James:(starts laughing)n54Knowledge&communicationPro5555Recommended readingsn55Recommended readings5656n56THANK YOU！