肝硬化患者合并曲霉菌感染患者课件

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文献阅读报告文献阅读报告重度肝硬化合并曲霉菌感染患者使用重度肝硬化合并曲霉菌感染患者使用伏立伏立康康唑剂量的调整唑剂量的调整文献阅读报告重度肝硬化合并曲霉菌感染患者使用患者男,56岁,身高176cm,体质量100kg,因HBsAg阳性6年,乏力、尿黄1月余,发热伴咯血3天入院。检查提示:ALT218UL,AST167UL,总胆红素409mol/L。双肺CT平扫:双肺多发大小不等类圆形高密度影,其内可见空洞。临床诊断:1、乙型病毒性肝炎、肝炎肝硬化;2、急性肝功能衰竭;3肺部感染;4慢性肾功能不全。给予护肝、降酶、退黄、哌拉西林他唑巴坦抗感染治疗、免疫等对症治疗。住院期间2次痰培养均为烟曲霉菌,给予卡泊芬净治疗1周后患者咳痰增多,发热,最高达392。外院专家会诊建议加用伏立康唑治疗。能不能用?剂量是否需要调整?能不能用?剂量是否需要调整?患者男,56岁,身高176cm,体质量100kg,因HBsA肝功能损害者用药急性肝损害者(急性肝损害者(ALTALT、ASTAST增高):无需调整剂量,但监测肝功能。增高):无需调整剂量,但监测肝功能。轻度到中度肝硬化患者(轻度到中度肝硬化患者(Child-Pugh A Child-Pugh A 和和B B):建议伏立康唑的负):建议伏立康唑的负 荷剂量(荷剂量(6mg/kg6mg/kg)不变,但维持剂量减半。)不变,但维持剂量减半。重度肝硬化者(重度肝硬化者(Child-Pugh CChild-Pugh C):目前尚无研究。):目前尚无研究。ABXABX指南肝功能受损时剂量:轻中度肝功能不全:指南肝功能受损时剂量:轻中度肝功能不全:6mg/kg q12h(6mg/kg q12h(负负荷量荷量),其后,其后2mg/kg iv q12h2mg/kg iv q12h,监测血药浓度。,监测血药浓度。抗微生物治疗指南(热病抗微生物治疗指南(热病4141版)版)IV:6mg/kg q12hIV:6mg/kg q12h治疗侵袭性曲霉治疗侵袭性曲霉菌病和严重霉菌感染:菌病和严重霉菌感染:4mg/kg 4mg/kg q12h,q12h,有中度肝脏损伤者,维持有中度肝脏损伤者,维持剂量减半。剂量减半。伏立康唑伏立康唑说明书伏立康唑相关伏立康唑相关指南肝功能损害者用药急性肝损害者(ALT、AST增高):无需调整检索文献检索文献检索工具检索工具:数据库:CNKI、Pubmed 检索途径:高级检索 关键检索词:伏立康唑、肝功能异常 (Voriconazolen、Liver Cirrhosis、severe liver dysfunction)检索时间:2005-2017年检索结果检索结果:中文文献(38篇)、英文文献(24篇)文献筛选原则文献筛选原则:研究内容的有效性、文献类型(系统评 价或meta分析、RCT、综述等)、新颖度、质量等文献筛选结果文献筛选结果:4篇检索文献检索工具:Altered Pharmacokinetics of Voriconazolen a Patient with Liver Cirrhosis A 45-year-old male(A 45-year-old male(body weight,100 kgbody weight,100 kg)Fatty-liver cirrhosis(Fatty-liver cirrhosis(Child-Pugh class CChild-Pugh class C;model of end-stage liver disease;model of end-stage liver disease score,20)who was listed for liver transplantation and showed signs of score,20)who was listed for liver transplantation and showed signs of portal portal hypertensionhypertension (esophageal varices and ascites)and cholestasis(plasma bilirubin(esophageal varices and ascites)and cholestasis(plasma bilirubin level,20.26 mg/dl,or 346 mol/liter)level,20.26 mg/dl,or 346 mol/liter)Received Received 2 mg of VRC/kg 2 mg of VRC/kg of body weight orally of body weight orally twice a day twice a day because of because of suspected pulmonary aspergillosis.suspected pulmonary aspergillosis.At At day 30 day 30 of clinical treatment with VRC,he was transferred to the ICU of clinical treatment with VRC,he was transferred to the ICU because of unconsciousness(Glasgow Coma Scale score,5 of 15)and because of unconsciousness(Glasgow Coma Scale score,5 of 15)and hyperventilation.hyperventilation.文献1:肝硬化患者使用伏立康唑的药代动力学变化AlteredPharmacokineticsofVo半衰期:半衰期:4.7h 4.7h 53.1h53.1h 清除率:清除率:253.9 1.4mg/h/kg253.9 1.4mg/h/kg文献1:肝硬化患者使用伏立康唑的药代动力学变化伏立康唑80%经肾脏排泄,20%经胆汁消除。高浓度的伏立康唑呈现非线性动力学,半衰期延长。半衰期:4.7h53.1h清除率:253.9conclusions:In patients with moderate liver cirrhosis(Child-Pugh class B),a reduction of the maintenance dose by 50%is recommended for patients with mild to moderate hepatic insufficiency.For patients with severely impaired liver function,a dose reduction of more than 50%appears to be required,and therapeutic drug monitoring will greatly improve therapeutic safety.对于重度肝功能损伤的患者,伏立康唑维持剂量减少超过50%是必须的,应该进行治疗药物检测。文献1:肝硬化患者使用伏立康唑的药代动力学变化conclusions:对于重度肝功能损伤的患者,伏立康唑维Between 1999 and 2009,we screened all adult patients admitted to the Liver Intensive Therapy Unit(LITU)at Kings College Hospital in London and identified patients who had a Model for End Stage Liver Disease(MELD)greater than 9 and had received at least 4 doses of voriconazole.文献2:伏立康唑在严重肝功能障碍患者的肝毒性Between1999and2009,wescre文献2:伏立康唑在严重肝功能障碍患者的肝毒性文献2:伏立康唑在严重肝功能障碍患者的肝毒性给予负荷剂量的患者有13人(44.8%),其余16人直接给予治疗剂量。平均负荷剂量:30245.9mg/dayor4.60.7mg/kg/day(200-400mg/day;3.3-5.5mg/kg/day)治疗剂量:218.641.4mg/dayor3.630.7mg/kg/day(160-300mg/day;2.58-4.33mg/kg/day)给药次数:25人为Qd,4人为Bid平均治疗天数:39.751.7days(5-180days)文献2:伏立康唑在严重肝功能障碍患者的肝毒性给予负荷剂量的患者有13人(44.8%),其余16人直接给予文献2:伏立康唑在严重肝功能障碍患者的肝毒性文献2:伏立康唑在严重肝功能障碍患者的肝毒性 69%69%of patients treated with voriconazole showed changes in liver of patients treated with voriconazole showed changes in liver functiontests(LFTs)during therapy.The control group developed functiontests(LFTs)during therapy.The control group developed alterations in the LFTs in only alterations in the LFTs in only 10.3%10.3%of patients.of patients.They showed elevated transaminases in They showed elevated transaminases in 35%35%,cholestasis in,cholestasis in 15%15%or a combination of both in or a combination of both in 45%45%.According to the CTC.According to the CTC classification,all patients with hepatotoxicity had a severe classification,all patients with hepatotoxicity had a severe reaction.reaction.There was There was a correlation between initial loading dose greater than a correlation between initial loading dose greater than 300 mg(4.5 mg/kg)and the risk of hepatotoxicity 300 mg(4.5 mg/kg)and the risk of hepatotoxicity(p 0.001).(p 0.001).VoriconazolehepatotoxicityinsevereliverDysfunction.JournalofInfection(2013)66,VoriconazolehepatotoxicityinsevereliverDysfunction.JournalofInfection(2013)66,VoriconazolehepatotoxicityinsevereliverDysfunction.JournalofInfection(2013)66,80-8680-8680-86文献2:伏立康唑在严重肝功能障碍患者的肝毒性69%ofpatientstreatedwithv文献3 伏立康唑联合卡泊芬净成功治疗2例肝功能衰竭 合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病说明卡泊芬净与伏立康唑联用有一定的协同作用Li DLi D,Chert LChert L,Ding XDing X,et a1et a1HospitalHospitalacquired invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hepatic acquired invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hepatic failureJfailureJBMC GastroenterolBMC Gastroenterol,20082008,3131:3232本研究中本研究中2 2例患者均采用了伏立康唑例患者均采用了伏立康唑+卡泊芬净静脉应用和两性卡泊芬净静脉应用和两性霉素霉素B B脂质体雾化吸入的三联抗曲霉菌治疗,未出现因药物因素脂质体雾化吸入的三联抗曲霉菌治疗,未出现因药物因素导致的肝功能和导致的肝功能和(或或)肾功能进一步加重的表现,耐受性较好,肾功能进一步加重的表现,耐受性较好,并于联合用药后感染得到控制并逐渐好转。并于联合用药后感染得到控制并逐渐好转。文献3伏立康唑联合卡泊芬净成功治疗2例肝功能衰竭合并侵2007年病例,酒精性肝硬化患者(child c)给予剂量为负荷剂量400mg bid 后维持剂量200mg bid,转归是死亡;2009年病例,慢性丙肝患者,后经过肝移植,给予6mg/kg/d,bid 之后4mg/kg/d。联合卡铂分净50mg治疗,转归是好转。文献4、末期肝病或急性肝衰竭患者曲霉菌感染2007年病例,酒精性肝硬化患者(childc)给予剂量为 Treatment of IA is challenging in patients with severe liver disease.The drug of choice is voriconazole,but this drug is potentially hepatotoxic and is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes causing important drug interactions.Thus,it should be used with caution in patients with severe hepatic failure.The alternative options are represented by lipid-formulations of AMB,which are less nephrotoxic than AMB deoxycholate.AngeliP,MerkelC.Pathogenesisandmanagementofhepatorenalsyndromeinpatientswithcirrhosis.JHepatol2008;48(Suppl.1):S93103文献三文献三文献4、末期肝病或急性肝衰竭患者曲霉菌感染对于严重肝功能不全患者的侵袭性真菌感染,伏立康唑是可以的,但应用伏立康唑具有潜在肝脏性,且经过肝脏P450的代谢,具有较多的药物相互作用,因此在重度肝衰竭患者应谨慎应用,或者换用两性霉素脂质体代替。TreatmentofIAischalleng1 1、关于重度肝功能异常患者使用伏立康唑研究目前甚少,且具体给药剂量调整无法统一,今后仍需更多研究以评估和指导临床应用。2、目前研究的文献量数量少,局限性大,缺乏大规模的药动学、安全性等方面的研究。3、目前研究无法明确种族、基因型的差别对伏立康唑药动学及药效学的影响,有待临床进一步研究,明确并指导临床合理用药。体会与建议1、关于重度肝功能异常患者使用伏立康唑研究目前甚少,且具体给对于重度肝功能异常患者可用伏立康唑,应监测肝功 能变化和血药浓度,提高治疗的安全性和有效性。对于重度肝功能异常患者使用伏立康唑负荷剂量应小于300mg(4.5 mg/kg),维持剂量应减少高于50%。棘白菌素类与唑类联合使用有一定的协同作用,对于侵袭性肺曲霉菌患者,也可以选择两性霉素B脂质体作为替代药物。体会与建议对于重度肝功能异常患者可用伏立康唑,应监测肝功能变化和血1)Altered Pharmacokinetics of Voriconazole in a Patient with Liver CirrhosisJ.Antimicrobial agents and chemotheray,Sept.2007,3459-34602)Paniagua Martin MJ,Marzoa Rivas R,Barge Caballero E,eta1Efficacy and tolerance of different types of prophylaxis for prevention of early aspergillosis after heart transplantationJTransplant Proc,2010,42:3014-30163)Invasive aspergillosis in patients with liver diseaseJ.Med Mycol2011 May;49(4):406-134)王玮,赵彩彦,王亚东,等乙型肝炎病毒相关肝功能衰竭合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的临床特点与转归J中华传染病杂志,2011,29:34-405)Voriconazole hepatotoxicity in severeliverdysfunction J.J Infect.2013 Jan;66(1):80-66)周俊英,孙惠.伏立康唑联合卡泊芬净成功治疗2例肝功能衰竭合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病J.中华肝脏病杂志,2014,22(3):239-2407)中国伏立康唑个体化用药指南推荐意见(2016.07)参考文献AlteredPharmacokineticsofVo恳请批评指正!
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