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诊断学疾病部分英文断学疾病部分英文讲解解诊断学疾病部分英文讲解诊断学疾病部分英文讲解诊断学疾病部分英1Mitral stenosisCausesRHD-rheumatic heart diseasesenile retrogradecongenital heart diseaseMitral stenosisCauses2Mitral stenosisSymptomsdyspnea coughhemoptysis dysphagia HoarsenessMitral stenosisSymptoms3Signsinspection mitral complexapex impulse may be displaced to the leftpalpationdiastolic thrillpercussionnormal heart borderspear shape heartSigns4Auscultationdiastolic murmurs:apical area,mild and late diastolic,crescendo,rumbling,more clearly when lying on ones left sideS1 opening snap mar be auscultatoryaccentuation of pulmonary second sound(P2),splittingGraham Steels murmur(PV diastolic)systolic mumur(TV area)atrial fibrillation(late stage)Auscultation5Mitral insufficiencyacute:infection ischemiachronic:RHD-rheumatic heart disease mitral prolapse coronary heart disease senile retrograde Mitral insufficiencyacute:infe6Mitral insufficiencySymptomspalpitationfatiguecoughdyspnea on exertionMitral insufficiencySymptoms7Signsinspection apex impulse displaced to left downwardpalpationheaving apex impulse,systolic thrill(severe)percussionthe border of dullness enlarged to left downward,both sides enlarged at late stage Signs8Auscultationmurmurs:apical area,pansystolic period,harsh,blowing,3/6 grade transmitted to left oxter and left infrascapular angleS1 P2,splittingAuscultation9Aortic stenosisCausesRHD-rheumatic heart diseasecongenital heart disease senile retrogradeSymptomsdyspnea,angina pectoris,syncopeAortic stenosisCauses10Signsinspection apex impulse increased and displaced to left downwardpalpationapex beat is elevated and forcefulsystolic thrill(AV1)pulse tarduspercussionnormal heart borders or the border of dullness enlarged to left downwardSigns11Auscultation murmurs:AV1 area,systolic period,harsh,ejection sound,3/6 grade transmitted to neckS2 (AV),reversed splittingS4Auscultation12Aortic insufficiencySymptomspalpitationfatiguedizzinesspulsating sense(head)angina pectoris dyspnea Aortic insufficiencySymptoms13Signsinspection apex impulse displaced to left downwardpalpationheaving apex impulse and displaced to left downwardpercussionthe border of dullness enlarged to left downward,boot shape Signs14Auscultationmurmurs:aortic valvular area,diastolic period,decrescendo sighing heard clearly sitting erect and forward transmitted to left inferior sternum and apical area Austin Flint murmurAuscultation15Peripheral vascular signshead noddingcapillary pulsationwater hammer pulsepistol shot soumdDuroziezs MUEMUEvisible pulsation of carotid arteriesPeripheral vascular signs16Pericardial effusionCausesinfectivenon-infectiveSymptomspalpitation,dyspnea,cough,abdominal distention,edema,fever,shockPericardial effusionCauses17Signsinspection apex impulse diminutionpalpationapex beat is palpated uneasilypercussionenlargement of the cardiac dullness bilaterally,changed with posture Auscultationpericardial friction,rapid HR,pericardial knocking sound,heart sound decreasedSigns18Large PEjugular venous enlargementhepatomeglyhepatojugular reflux positiveEwart sign:(Subscapularis area )vocal fremitus dullness brochovesicular breath soundparadoxical pulseLarge PE19Heart failureSymptomsleft side heart failure:fatigue,progressive exertional dyspnea-nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea-orthopnoeacough,foam sputum hemoptysis Heart failureSymptoms20Symptomsright side heart failure:abdominal distentionoliguriaanorexia nausea and vomitingSymptoms21Signs(LHF)inspection Tachypnea,cyanosis,to sit up straight.Pink foam sputum,palpationpulsus alternanspercussionauscultationgallop rhythm,HR,P2 ,fine crackles,bronchial asthmaSigns(LHF)22Signs(RHF)inspection:jugular venous enlargement peripheral cyanosis,edemapalpation:hepatomegly hepatojugular reflux positive edema percussion:pleural and ascitic fluidauscultation:systolic murmur(TV),gallop rhythmsymptoms and signs of primary heart disease Signs(RHF)23谢谢观赏谢谢观赏谢谢观赏24
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