良性前列腺增生课件

55章良性前列腺增生55章良性前列腺增生12024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College2前列腺的位置2023/8/12The First Hospital of2良性前列腺增生课件3良性前列腺增生课件42024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College5病理u通常将前列腺分为移移行行带带(尿道周围腺体、占5%)、外周带外周带、中央带中央带u增生的部分主要是尿道周围腺体u增生的腺体压迫外周带成为外科包膜u增生结节：基质型、腺泡型、混合型2023/8/12The First Hospital of52024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College6病理u增生使前列腺段尿道弯曲、伸长、狭窄，导致膀胱出口（BOO）梗阻u梗阻代偿期代偿期：膀胱逼尿肌肥厚 梗阻失失代代偿偿期期：充溢性尿失禁、上尿路积水扩张、代谢产物潴留、尿毒症u增生的程度与梗阻程度不一定成正比2023/8/12The First Hospital of62024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College7临床表现u尿频：最早出现的症状u排尿困难：最重要的症状u尿潴留：梗阻加重的表现u其他：血尿、感染、结石、肾积水、疝、痔等(实物标本)BPHBOOLUTS2023/8/12The First Hospital of72024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College8国际前列腺症状评分(I-PSS)过去1个月症状无1/51/2 总是1.尿不尽感0123452.间隔2h0123453.间断排尿0123454.憋尿困难0123455.尿线变细0123456.排尿费力0123457.夜尿次数012345I-PSS：Score(035)2023/8/12The First Hospital of82024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College9I-PSS Means 0-7 分分轻度增生轻度增生 8-19 分分中度增生中度增生中度增生中度增生 20-35 分分重度增生重度增生重度增生重度增生2023/8/12The First Hospital of92024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College10生活质量评分患者认为其现在的排尿状况非常好好 满意半数满意多数不满不满意很痛苦评分0123456生活质量评分：L(06)2023/8/12The First Hospital of102024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College11诊断uu50岁以上男性，进行性排尿困难uu直肠指诊(Digital Rectal Exam,DRE)触及增生前列腺n增生：鸡蛋大小n 增生：鸭蛋大小n 增生：鹅蛋大小uu客观指标：残余尿、尿流率、PSA测定uu膀胱镜检或B超检查：直接测定前列腺大小2023/8/12The First Hospital of112024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College12鉴别诊断u膀胱颈纤维化(膀胱颈挛缩)：慢性炎症所致，发病年龄较轻u前列腺癌：前列腺坚硬，表面不平，PSAu膀胱癌：指膀胱颈附近的膀胱癌，膀胱镜检可以鉴别u神经原性膀胱尿道功能障碍：有神经系统损害的病史和体征u尿道狭窄：有尿道损伤、感染病史2023/8/12The First Hospital of122024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College13治疗u目的：缓解增生腺体所致的膀胱出口梗阻u膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)的原因：n增生腺体挤压尿道所致的机械性梗阻n增生腺体平滑肌张力所致的动力性梗阻u治疗方法：很多2023/8/12The First Hospital of132024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College14药物治疗uu-受体阻滞剂受体阻滞剂：降低前列腺平滑肌张力n n非选择性非选择性-受体阻滞剂受体阻滞剂：酚卞明n n选择性选择性1-受体阻滞剂受体阻滞剂：Hytrin(高特灵)n n高选择性高选择性1a-受体阻滞剂受体阻滞剂：哈乐uu5-还还原原酶酶抑抑制制剂剂：Proscar(保列治)阻止睾酮转变为DHT，长期服用可使前列腺体积缩小uu花粉类制剂花粉类制剂：舍尼通 等2023/8/12The First Hospital of142024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College15手术治疗适应症：u残余尿量大于50ml u曾经出现过急性尿潴留u大量出血或反复肉眼血尿u病人迫切要求，身体状况能耐受手术手术方法：u耻骨上前列腺增生腺体摘除术 u耻骨后摘除术 u经会阴摘除术 u经尿道前列腺电切或电汽化术2023/8/12The First Hospital of152024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College16经尿道增生腺体切除术目前，在全世界范围内，这种治疗方法被公 认 为 治 疗BPH的“金 标准”(Gold Standard)2023/8/12The First Hospital of162024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College172023/8/12The First Hospital of172024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College182023/8/12The First Hospital of182024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College19经尿道增生腺体切除术2023/8/12The First Hospital of192024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College20前列腺电汽化术TUVPTransurethral Vaporization of the Prostate 2023/8/12The First Hospital of202024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College21前列腺电切除术TURPTransurethral Resection of the Prostate 2023/8/12The First Hospital of212024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College22电切除的前列腺碎片2023/8/12The First Hospital of222024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College23前列腺钬激光切除术2023/8/12The First Hospital of232024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College24Laser Ablation of the Prostate 2023/8/12The First Hospital of242024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College25前列腺两侧叶、中叶增生合并膀胱结石2023/8/12The First Hospital of252024/6/30The First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College26Treatment of BPHuPlacebouWatchful waitinguPharmacotherapynAlpha-blockersn5alpha reductase inhibitorsnPhytotherapyuSurgerynTURP TUVP TUIPnOpen prostatectomyuMinimally Invasive TherapyHyperthermia and thermotherapy(TUMT)Transurethral Needle Ablation of prostate(TUNA)Laser CoagulationuBalloon dilation2023/8/12The First Hospital of26祝大家学习进步六月 24祝大家学习进步八月 2327