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Unit 31.What is the purpose of education?精品资料你怎么称呼老师？如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？教师的教鞭“不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘”“太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早”vEducation has for its object the formation of character.v教育的目的在于品德的培养。vAn educational system should be one in which the love of learning,rather than the acquisition of facts,is cultivated.v教育应该培养学生酷爱学习，而不仅仅是为了获取事实。vIt is wrong to spoon-feed the students.v对学生进行填鸭式教育是错误的。Five PrinciplesOur Five Principles guide the conduct of all the schools activity:Destiny-Each of us is gifted with a unique potential that defines a destiny.Humility-We trust in a power and purpose beyond ourselves.Conscience-We achieve our best through character and conscience.Truth-Truth is our primary guide.Brothers Keeper-We help others achieve their best.Related Informationl Attitude more than aptitude l Effort more than ability l Character more than talent 3.Focus of HydeRelated Information The United States has both public schools and private schools.Public schools are government-controlled at the city level,with standards being set partially at the state and federal level.Generally speaking,the city has the most influence on the schools,followed by the state,and finally by the federal government.Funding for public schools comes from all three levels of government,the primary source being local property taxes paid by homeowners.There is no charge for attending public schools.Related Information4.About Education System Private schools,on the other hand,can be quite expensive to attend.So why do parents send their children to private schools?There are several reasons.One is status.Some private schools are highly regarded,and lend prestige to their students and alumni.Another reason is quality of education,although there are some public schools that offer education superior to private schools.A third reason is wishing to avoid problems associated with a small number of students at certain public schools,including violence and drug use.The other reason is religion.Some parents want their children to attend schools that teach religion as well as academics,which is prohibited by law in the public schools.Related Information A final trend to discuss in American education is home schooling.This practice,which has been growing in popularity in recent years,involves teaching children in the home,as the name implies.Home schooling is most popular with religious conservatives,who are concerned their children might be exposed to things and ideas they would prefer them to avoid.Related InformationII.School Mottos(校校训训)Warming-up Identify school mottos of Identify school mottos of some famous universities some famous universities home and abroad.Thenhome and abroad.Then introduce your school motto.introduce your school motto.Tsinghua UniversityPeking UniversityWarming-upHarvard UniversityTruthThe Lord is My LightUniversity of OxfordWarming-upYale University Light and TruthWarming-upSchool Motto of Your University?Key Words publicity:n.public notice or attention 公众的注意，名声TranslationTranslationseek/avoid publicity 追求/避免公众注意When the news media and the public show a lot of interest in something,you can say that it is receiving publicity.当新闻媒体和公众对某事物表现出很大兴趣时，你就可以说这事引起了公众关注。publicity:n.providing information in order to attract public attention;advertising 广告，宣传TranslationTranslationThe corporation has launched a massive publicity campaign to promote its products.公司对产品进行了大规模的广告宣传。1.public adj.公众的 in public The campaign was designed to increase public awareness of the problem.这个运动的目的在于提高公众对这一问题的认识。2.publicize v.宣传 an advertising campaign to publicize the new train service 为新投入运营的铁路路线而开展的宣传活动 AssociationAssociationcomprehensive:/kmprihensivkmprihensiv/a.that includes(nearly)everything综合的，全面的综合的，全面的eg:a comprehensive description/report A guide book giving comprehensive information on the prehensible:that can be understood fully能充分理解的能充分理解的comprehend-comprehensioneg:a comprehensive test综合测试综合测试 a comprehension test理解力测试理解力测试 suspend:The union suspended strike action this week.The young man has given a suspended sentence.Some rail services were suspended during the strike.v.stop or cause to be not active 暂停，中止 TranslationTranslationsuspend:A lamp was suspended from the ceiling.天花板上吊着一盏灯。天花板上吊着一盏灯。v.hang sth.up 悬挂 TranslationTranslationsuspension bridge吊桥吊桥-suspect：suspect sb(of sth/doing sth):feel that sb.is guilty of sth.without certain proof.eg:suspect sbs motives Who do the police suspect(of the crime)?The police are interrogating two suspects.His statements are suspect.strain:She is under a lot of strain at work.她承受着很大的工作压力。她承受着很大的工作压力。Mums illness has put a strain on the whole family.妈妈的病使全家人担忧。妈妈的病使全家人担忧。n.severe demand on ones mental or physical strength,abilities,etc.（对精力、体力、能 力的）苛求，压力 TranslationTranslationstrain:Money problem has strained their relationship.钱的问题使他们关系紧张。钱的问题使他们关系紧张。She strained her ankle.她扭了脚。她扭了脚。strain to hear a conversationstrain to understand what she meantv.put a lot of pressure on sht.使紧张v.hurt or weaken a part of the body by stretching too much or trying too hard 扭伤，损伤V.make the greatest possible effort 竭尽全力 TranslationTranslation6)admission:n.entering or being allowed to enter 录取，准许加入，成为一员A statement in which one admits that sth.is true or that one has done sth.wrong.承认 AssociationAssociationadmit:v.承认(admit doing sth.)Admittance：permission to enter a buildingNo admittanceEven Journalists were unable to gain admittance to the courtroom.Faculty evaluations are conducted by the students.(para17)vfaculty:/f fkltiklti/n.va.the people who teach in a school or a college.eg:The faculty has/have been invited to the meeting.vb.the special ability to do sth.eg:the faculty of hearing/sight.听力听力/视力视力vc.one department in a university,college.eg:the Faculty of Law 法律系法律系 the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences.社会政治科学系社会政治科学系Comprehension of the text (1)1.What principle does the Hyde School operate1.What principle does the Hyde School operate on?on?It operates on the principle that if you teach It operates on the principle that if you teach students the merit of such values as truth,students the merit of such values as truth,courage,integrity,leadership,curiosity and courage,integrity,leadership,curiosity and concern,then academic achievement naturally concern,then academic achievement naturally follows.follows.2.What is the Hyde School famous for?2.What is the Hyde School famous for?It is famous for its work with troubled It is famous for its work with troubled youngsters.youngsters.Explaining his approach to education,Joe Gauld says the conventional education system cannot be reformed.He notes no amount of change with the horse and carriage will produce an automobile.2The Hyde School assumes every human being has a unique potential that is based on character,not intelligence or wealth.Para12a:在解释自己的教育方法时，乔高尔德指出，对传统的教育体制不能只是改革。他说“无论怎样改革”，用马和马车“是改革不出汽车的”。海德中学认为“每一个人都有自己的独特潜能”，这种潜能的基础是品格而不是智力或财富。Conscience and hard work are valued.Success is measured by growth,not academic achievement.Students are required to take responsibility for each other.To avoid the controversy of other character programs used in US schools,Gauld says the concept of doing your best has nothing to do with forcing the students to accept a particular set of morals or religious values.12b:良知和苦干受到推崇。成功由不断进步来衡量，而不是由学习成绩来评定。学生必须相互负责。为了避免美国中学使用的其他品格培养方案所引发的争议，高尔德解释说，“全力以赴”这一概念并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念。The Hyde curriculum is similar to conventional schools that provide preparation for college,complete with English,history,math and science.But all students are required to take performing arts and sports,and provide a community service.For each course,students get a grade for academic achievement and for best effort.At Bath,97%of the graduates attend four-year colleges.Para13:海德中学的课程与那些为升入大学做准备的传统学校所开设的课程相似，包括英语、历史、数学和自然科学。但所有的学生都必须选修表演艺术和体育，还要提供社区服务。在每门课程中，学生都会得到一个综合了学习成绩和“努力程度”的分数。在巴思市，97%的海德中学毕业生都升入了大学本科。Comprehension of the text (4)7.What is the biggest obstacle for many parents?7.What is the biggest obstacle for many parents?The biggest obstacle for many parents is to The biggest obstacle for many parents is to realize their own weaknesses.realize their own weaknesses.6.What must parents do for their children to gain admission?Parents must agree to accept and demonstrate Parents must agree to accept and demonstrate the schools philosophies and outlook.the schools philosophies and outlook.Commitment among parents is a key ingredient in the Hyde mixture.3For the student to gain admission,parents also must agree to accept and demonstrate the schools philosophies and outlook.The parents agree in writing to meet monthly in one of 20 regional groups,go to a yearly three-day regional retreat,and spend at least three times a year in workshops,discussion groups and seminars at Bath.Parents of Maine students have an attendance rate of 95%in the many sessions.Joe and Malcolm Gauld both say children tend to do their utmost when they see their parents making similar efforts.The biggest obstacle for many parents,they say,is to realize their own weaknesses.Para 14:在海德中学的综合教育中，父母的参与是一个关键的组成部分。为了使孩子被该校录取，家长也必须同意接受并实践学校的思想和观点。家长们签约同意每月出席一次区域小组会议(共20个区域小组)，每年去区域休养所三天，每年至少参加三次巴思市的研修班、讨论组和研讨会。在很多活动中，缅因州学生家长的出席率高达95%。乔和马尔科姆高尔德都说，当孩子们见到自己的父母都在全力以赴时，他们也会竭尽全力。他们说，对许多家长而言，最困难的是让他们意识到自己的不足。1.教育的目的是培养孩子的心智，使其发挥最大潜能。2.我们已经尽量让测试既简单又全面，这样我们就能大体上了解哪些你们懂了，哪些还不懂。3.大家对这本有争议的书褒贬不一，但艺术家们是否阅读过它，我还需要作进一步的调查。4.三份相互独立的日报均已被要求暂停发行。5.我工作了一整天，他们却只给5美元，我倍感侮辱。6.实验室主任说这个实验还处在初始阶段，要得出最终结果还需要更多的时间。7.他们一定知道怎样利用并在必要时更改那些旧的传统规则。8.报告非常明确指出中国将坚持改革开放政策。9.我们许多人都期望能有机会为世界作出有价值的贡献。10.尽管议院只讨论了报告的一小部分，但这些报告却引起了相当大的关注。The process for public school parents is still being worked out,with a lot more difficulty because it is difficult to convince parents that it is worthwhile for them to participate.Of the 100 students enrolled in New Haven,about 30%of the parents attend special meetings.The low attendance is in spite of commitments they made at the outset of the program when Hyde officials interviewed 300 families.Para 15:公立学校学生家长的活动计划仍在制定之中。这项工作的困难要大得多，因为很难使家长相信他们的参与很有价值。在纽黑文市录取的100名学生中，有30%左右的家长出席了各类特别会议。这一低出席率违背了他们在教学计划开始实施时所做的承诺，当时海德中学的官员曾与300个家庭进行了面谈。巴思市一名在公立学校教书达14年之久的教师说，一旦问题得到解决，海德教学计划就会在公立学校中获得成功。他乐观地认为，一旦家长们投入到计划当中，他们就会成为孩子们日常行为的榜样，这与寄宿学校的学生家长完全不同。Para 16:One former inner-city high school teacher who now works in the New Haven program,says teachers also benefit.Here we really begin to focus on having a fruitful relationship with each student.Our focus is really about teacher to student and then we together deal with theacademics.In the traditional high school setting,its teacher to the material and then to the student.“4 The teacher-student relationship is taken even further at Hyde.Faculty evaluations are conducted by the students.Para 17:一名曾任教于旧城区学校的教师如今在从事纽黑文教学计划。他说，教师也能从中受益。“在这里，我们真正开始集中精力与每一个学生建立卓有成效的关系。我们的重点真的是先考虑师生关系，然后是师生共同探讨学业。而在传统的中学里，是先考虑教师和教材的关系，然后再考虑师生关系。”师生关系在海德中学被进一步深化了。对教职员工的评估由学生来进行。When I came here,I insulted and cursed everybody.Every other school was,Get out,we dont want to deal with you.I came here and they said,We kind of like that spirit.We dont like it with the negative attitudes.We want to turn that spirit positive.“我来这儿时，见人就侮辱，就咒骂。其他每所学校都会说：滚出去！我们这儿不要你。我来到这儿，他们却说：我们有几分喜欢这种活力，但并不喜欢它消极的一面，我们要将它转化成积极的东西。”Para 1-2 the principles of the Hyde SchoolPara 3-11 the efforts to make the Character First idea accepted by other public schoolsPara 12-16 the Hyde Schools approaches to educationPara 17-19 beneficial outcomes for the students andteachers2.When he explains his approach to education,Joe Gauld says there is no way to improve the traditional education system;it should be replaced or revolutionized.He points out that no matter what changes you make to the horse and carriage,no automobile will come out of it.3.parents devotion is an important element in the Hyde program.4.In traditional high schools,the teachers attention is first paid to the teaching material,and then to the students.1.In his thinking,as in his behavior,he is very traditional.2.Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program,they have to face the strain it puts on them.3.In the long run,it is worthwhile to pursue ones study after graduating from university instead of going to work directly.4.As the school operates on the Character First principle,moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally.5.It is said that the meeting,which is scheduled to be held this month,will be put off till next month.6.The school sees its job as preparing its students for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can benefit all of them.1跟在法国样，美国在20世纪60年代也发生过文化革命。2他旦下定决心去干一件事，就根本拦不住他。3学校强调的观点是：家长和孩子一起参加学校的活动是值得的。4快下课时，老师让学生用最后的五分钟来展开激烈的讨论，依照110的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。5为了避免引发针对他们的品格培养方案的争论，该校校长解释说，品格第一并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念。6非所有的家长部相信海德中学的办学原则，即如果你向学牛传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直、领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话，学生的学习成绩就自然会提高。
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