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Direct and Indirect Speech直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语1直接引语、间接引语的概念直接引语、间接引语的概念直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用说话直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用说话人自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。人自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。不论直接引语还是间接引语都应有一个动不论直接引语还是间接引语都应有一个动词引述，如：词引述，如：say,tell,ask,think,write,reply等。等。直接引语一般放在引号中，句首的第一个直接引语一般放在引号中，句首的第一个字母大写。间接引语不用引号，间接引语字母大写。间接引语不用引号，间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。在多数情况下构成宾语从句。2直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语一、直接引语为陈述句一、直接引语为陈述句 直接引语为陈述句时，变间接引语时用直接引语为陈述句时，变间接引语时用that引导，引导，that可以省略。可以省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用也可用told来代替。来代替。注意注意:可以说可以说said that,said to sb.that,told sb.that，不可说，不可说told that,said sb.that3He said,“I have been to the Great Wall.”He said that he had been to the Great Wall.He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.He told us that he had been to the Great Wall.4二、直接引语为一般疑问句二、直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句的，间接引语要用直接引语为一般疑问句的，间接引语要用if或或whether引导引导,直接引语中的谓语动词直接引语中的谓语动词said要改为要改为asked(me/him/us等等)，同时将疑问，同时将疑问语序变为陈述语序。语序变为陈述语序。She said:“Do you like music?”She asked me if whether I liked music.5三、直接引语为特殊疑问句三、直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句的，变间接引语时，直接引语为特殊疑问句的，变间接引语时，要保留原疑问词，主句的谓语动词用要保留原疑问词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，同时将疑问语序改为陈述句来表达，同时将疑问语序改为陈述句语序。语序。He asked me:“When will you leave for shanghai?”He asked me when I would leave for shanghai.6四、直接引语为选择疑问句时四、直接引语为选择疑问句时当直接引语为选择疑问句时，变为间接引当直接引语为选择疑问句时，变为间接引语语用用whetheror表达，而表达，而不用不用ifor，也不用，也不用eitheror He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.7五、直接引语是祈使句时五、直接引语是祈使句时直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时用直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时用tell/ask sb.（not）to do的形式。的形式。The teacher said,“Boys and girls,sit down,please.”The teacher told the boys and girls to sit down.Lily said:“Open the window,Bob.”Lily asked Bob to open the window.8直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化：化：人称的变化人称的变化时态的变化时态的变化指示代词的变化指示代词的变化时间的变化时间的变化地点的变化地点的变化个别趋向动词的变个别趋向动词的变化化情态动词的变化情态动词的变化9一、人称的变化一、人称的变化人称代词和物主代词要根据转述人的立场作人称代词和物主代词要根据转述人的立场作相应的变动。相应的变动。She said：“Im coming.”She said that she was coming.但直接引语中第三人称不变。但直接引语中第三人称不变。“When will he come?”she asked.She asked when he would come.10二、时态的变化二、时态的变化 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去将来时过去将来时 不变不变 过去进行时过去进行时 不变不变 过去完成时过去完成时 不变不变 11He said:“I have eaten my lunch now.”He said that he had eaten his lunch then.Tom said,“I arrived here three days ago.”Tom said he had arrived there three days before.12谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变语时，时态不变The geography teacher said,“The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.13She says that shell never forget the days in the country.2.2.如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变The children said,“We love this game.”They told us that they love that game.3.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。时态不变。She says,“Ill never forget the days in the country.”144.4.当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时,或者有以或者有以when,whilewhen,while引导的从句，表示过去引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，变为间接引语时态不变。的时间时，变为间接引语时态不变。He said:“I was born in 1980.”He said that he was born in 1980.间接引语中时态无须改变的还有以下情况间接引语中时态无须改变的还有以下情况:5.当引语是谚语、格言时；当引语是谚语、格言时；6.当直接引语中有情态动词当直接引语中有情态动词should,could,had better,might,must,ought to,used to,need，would时；时；15三、指示代词、时间状语的变化。三、指示代词、时间状语的变化。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示指示代词代词thisthatthesethose时间时间状语状语nowthentodaythat daytomorrowthe next dayyesterdaythe day beforeagobeforenext weekthe next weeklast nightthe night before16四、地点状语、趋向动词的变化。四、地点状语、趋向动词的变化。地点地点状语状语hereheretherethere动词动词comecomegogobringbringtaketake注注意意：如如果果在在当当地地转转述述，herehere不不必必改改there,there,动动词词不不必必改改go,go,如如果果在在当当天天转转述述，yesterday,yesterday,tomorrowtomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。等时间状语也不必改变。17五、情态动词、助动词的变化五、情态动词、助动词的变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语shallshouldwillwouldmaymightcancouldshouldshould（不变）（不变）mightmight（不变）不变）wouldwould（不变）（不变）couldcould（不变）不变）mustmust/had to18Exercises:1.He said,“I m afraid I cant finish this work.”2.He said,“I havent heard from him since May.”3.Tom said:“I will see you next week.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.Tom said that he would see me the next week.194.“Why were you late again?”The teacher said to me.5.“I dont like swimming,”said Sarah.6.His friends asked him,“Will you go to Dalian?”7.“Have you been to Paris?”My classmate asked me.The teacher asked me why I was late again.Sarah said she didnt like swimming.My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.20Homework:Put the story How a Colt Crossed the River into indirect speech and retell it.21
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