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文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。What is it?What is it?1文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。It is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and women and the second highest cause of cancer deaths in the U.S.Yet,when found early,it is highly curable.This type of cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow in the lining of the large intestine(colon)or rectum.Learn more about who gets colorectal cancer,how it is detected,and what the latest treatments can accomplish.It is the third most frequent2文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。How it starts?How it starts?3文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。It often begin as polyps benign growths on the surface of the colon.The two most common types of intestinal polyps are adenomas and hyperplasic polyps.They develop when there are errors in the way cells grow and repair the lining of the colon.Most polyps remain benign,but some have the potential to turn cancerous.Removing them early prevents colorectal cancer.It often begin as polyps be4文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Risk Factors You Cant ControlRisk Factors You Cant Contro5文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。genetics&lifestyle.Age most patients are older than 50Polyps or inflammatory bowel diseaseFamily history of colorectal cancerHistory of ovarian or breast cancergenetics&lifestyle.6文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Risk Factors You Can ControlRisk Factors You Can Control7文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Diet high in red,processed,or heavily cooked meatsBeing overweight(excess fat around the waist)Exercising too littleSmoking or drinking alcoholDiet high in red,processed,o8文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Its warning SignsIts warning Signs9文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。There are usually no early warning signs for colorectal cancer.For this reason its important to get screened.Detecting cancer early means its more curable.As the disease progresses,patients may notice blood in the stool,abdominal pain,a change in bowel habits(such as constipation or diarrhea),unexplained weight loss,or fatigue.By the time these symptoms appear,tumors tend to be larger and more difficult to treat.There are usually no early war10文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Screening Screening 11文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Because colorectal cancer is stealthy,screenings are the key to early detection.Beginning at age 50,most people should have a colonoscopy every 10 years.This procedure uses a tiny camera to examine the entire colon and rectum.These tests not only find tumors early,but can actually prevent colorectal cancer by removing polyps(shown here).Because colorectal cancer is s12文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Virtual ColonoscopyVirtual Colonoscopy13文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。There is now an alternative to colonoscopy that uses CT scan images to construct a 3-D model of your colon.Called virtual colonoscopy,the procedure can reveal polyps or other abnormalities without actually inserting a camera inside your body.The main disadvantage is that if polyps are found,a real colonoscopy will still be needed to remove and evaluate them.There is now an alternative to14文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。X-Rays of the Colon(Lower GI)X-Rays of the colon-using a chalky liquid known as barium as a contrast agent-allow your doctor a glimpse at the interior of the colon and rectum,offering another way to detect polyps,tumors,and changes in the intestinal tissue.Shown here is an apple core tumor constricting the colon.Like the virtual colonoscopy,any abnormalities that appear on the X-rays will need to be followed up with a conventional colonoscopy.X-Rays of the Colon(Lower GI)15文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Diagnosing Colorectal CancerIf testing reveals a possible tumor,the next step is a biopsy.During a colonoscopy,your doctor will remove polyps and take tissue samples from any parts of the colon that look unusual.This tissue is examined under a microscope to determine whether or not it is cancerous.Shown here is a color-enhanced,magnified view of colon cancer cells.Diagnosing Colorectal CancerIf16文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Staging Colorectal CancerIf cancer is detected,it will be staged,a process of finding out how far the cancer has spread.Tumor size may not correlate with the stage of cancer.Staging also enables your doctor to determine what type of treatment you will receive.Staging Colorectal CancerIf c17文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。I Cancer has not spread beyond the inside of the colon or rectumII Cancer has spread into the muscle layer of the colon or rectumIII-Cancer has spread to one or more lymph nodes in the areaIV Cancer has spread to other parts of the body,such as the liver,lung,or bones.This stage does NOT depend on how deep the tumor has penetrated or if the disease has spread to the lymph nodes near the tumor.I Cancer has not spread beyo18文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Colorectal Cancer Survival RatesThe outlook for your recovery depends on the stage of your cancer,with higher stages meaning more serious cancer.The five-year survival rate refers to the percentage of patients who live at least five years after being diagnosed.Stage I has a 93%five-year survival rate while stage IV has a five-year survival rate of only 8%.Colorectal Cancer Survival Rat19文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Colorectal Cancer SurgeryIn all but the last stage of colorectal cancer,the usual treatment is surgery to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue.In the case of larger tumors,it may be necessary to take out an entire section of the colon and/or rectum.The good news is that surgery has a very high cure rate in the early stages.If the cancer has spread to the liver,lungs,or other organs,surgery is not likely to offer a cure-but removing the additional tumors,when possible,may reduce symptoms.Colorectal Cancer SurgeryIn a20文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Treating Advanced Colorectal CancerWhen colorectal cancer has spread to one or more lymph nodes(stage III),it can still be cured.Treatment typically involves a combination of surgery,radiation(being administered here),and chemotherapy.If the cancer comes back after initial treatment or spreads to other organs,it becomes much more difficult to cure.But radiation and chemotherapy can still relieve symptoms and help patients live longer.Treating Advanced Colorectal C21文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Coping With ChemotherapyChemotherapy has come a long way from the days of turning peoples stomachs.Newer drugs are less likely to cause this problem,and there are also medications to control nausea if it does occur.Clinical trials continue to search for chemotherapy drugs that are more effective and tolerable.Coping With ChemotherapyChemo22文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Radiofrequency AblationRadiofrequency ablation(RFA)uses intense heat to burn away tumors.Guided by a CT scan,a doctor inserts a needle-like device that delivers heat directly to a tumor and the surrounding area.This offers an alternative for destroying tumors that cannot be surgically removed.In patients with a limited number of liver metastases that cannot be removed by surgery,chemotherapy is sometimes combined with RFA for tumor destruction.Radiofrequency AblationRadiof23文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Preventing Colorectal CancerPreventing Colorectal Cancer24文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。eating a nutritious diet TheNationalCancerInstituterecommendsalow-fatdietthatincludesplentyoffiberandatleastfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetablesperday.eating a nutritious diet 25文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。getting enough exercisePhysicalactivityappearstobeapowerfulweaponinthedefenseagainstcolorectalcancer.Inonestudy,themostactiveparticipantswere24%lesslikelytohavethecancerthantheleastactivepeople.Itdidntmatterwhethertheactivitywaslinkedtoworkorplay.TheAmericanCancerSocietyrecommendsexercisingforatleast30minutesmostdaysoftheweek.getting enough exercise26
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