工作场所的安全隐患与风险分析

何培松何培松益瑞石集团亚太区益瑞石集团亚太区EHSEHS经理经理20212021年年6 6月月2121日日工作场所的平安隐患与风险分析工作场所的平安隐患与风险分析工作场所的平安隐患与风险分析工作场所的平安隐患与风险分析Objectives 目标目标dPurpose of doing hazard and risk analysis.Purpose of doing hazard and risk analysis.d 理解进行危险源和风险分析的目的理解进行危险源和风险分析的目的dHow to evaluate an operations Workplace Hazards How to evaluate an operations Workplace Hazards and Risk.and Risk.d 掌握如何评估作业场所的危险源和风险掌握如何评估作业场所的危险源和风险dWho should be involved in your analysis.Who should be involved in your analysis.d 组建危险和风险分析团队组建危险和风险分析团队dWhat to do with the results.What to do with the results.d 利用分析结果进行持续改进利用分析结果进行持续改进Why Really?意义意义dIt provides a systematic way to analyze the risk in It provides a systematic way to analyze the risk in operations in a methodical,proven way.operations in a methodical,proven way.提供系统可靠的方法分析作业过程中的风险提供系统可靠的方法分析作业过程中的风险dRisk is provided to management in a prioritized Risk is provided to management in a prioritized manner,the higher the number of risk the riskier the manner,the higher the number of risk the riskier the task or job will be.task or job will be.将风险按优先级顺序排列呈送给管理层，风险等级评分将风险按优先级顺序排列呈送给管理层，风险等级评分越高，任务或作业的风险就越高越高，任务或作业的风险就越高Why Really?意义意义dThe process provides to management a picture of The process provides to management a picture of the real risk of injury,not what the“gutthe real risk of injury,not what the“gut tells you it tells you it is,or what our employee thinks it is.is,or what our employee thinks it is.d 这这一一过过程程给给管理管理层层提供明晰的提供明晰的伤伤害害风险风险，而不是就，而不是就事事论论事的事的经验经验或我或我们员们员工的主工的主观观想像想像d It helps you identify the elephants It helps you identify the elephantsd 它可以帮助我它可以帮助我们识别风险们识别风险造成的影响造成的影响Why do Hazard/Risk analysis?必要性必要性Potentially潜在的Catastrophic灾难性的Does the activity have a potential to harm those Does the activity have a potential to harm those Does the activity have a potential to harm those performing and those near the activity?performing and those near the activity?performing and those near the activity?活动是否存在对从事活动的人员本身或活动附近人员造成活动是否存在对从事活动的人员本身或活动附近人员造成活动是否存在对从事活动的人员本身或活动附近人员造成伤害的可能？伤害的可能？伤害的可能？The element(s)of an activity that has a potential to The element(s)of an activity that has a potential to harm is considered its harm is considered its hazardhazard(s).(s).可能造成伤害的活动的要素被视作可能造成伤害的活动的要素被视作危险危险。I.e.I.e.例如：例如：Activity-Spray PaintingActivity-Spray Painting 活动喷漆活动喷漆Hazards Chemical Exposure(inhalation),Chemical Hazards Chemical Exposure(inhalation),Chemical Exposure(skin),Chemical Exposure(eyes),Noise,Fire/Exposure(skin),Chemical Exposure(eyes),Noise,Fire/ExplosionExplosion危险化学品吸入、皮肤接触化学品、眼睛接触化学品、噪危险化学品吸入、皮肤接触化学品、眼睛接触化学品、噪声、火灾声、火灾/爆炸爆炸DefinitionsDefinitions 定义定义DefinitionsDefinitions 定义定义Hazards have Hazards have 危危险险具有具有:RISK possibility of loss or injury.RISK possibility of loss or injury.风险风险造成造成损损失或失或伤伤害的可能性害的可能性Risk have Risk have 风险风险要素要素:Severity and probability Severity and probability 严严重性和可能性重性和可能性 概率概率 DefinitionsDefinitions 定义定义Severity Severity 严严重性重性:If injury or loss occurs how bad will it be?If injury or loss occurs how bad will it be?如果如果发发生生损损失或者失或者伤伤害的情况，情况有多糟糕？害的情况，情况有多糟糕？Probability Probability 可能性可能性 概率概率:The potential frequency of loss or injury occurring,The potential frequency of loss or injury occurring,increases with exposure to hazardincreases with exposure to hazard损损失或失或伤伤害害发发生的潜在生的潜在频频率率Hazard ExamplesHazard ExamplesHazard Examples 危险举例危险举例危险举例危险举例危险举例危险举例:Chemical Exposure(Inhalation,Skin,Hands,Eyes)Chemical Exposure(Inhalation,Skin,Hands,Eyes)Harmful DustHarmful DustNoise ExposureNoise ExposureFlying Debris/ObjectsFlying Debris/ObjectsProtruding ObjectsProtruding ObjectsExtreme TemperaturesExtreme TemperaturesPoint of Operation(I.e crush,nip)Point of Operation(I.e crush,nip)Fall,Trip,SlipFall,Trip,SlipStrain/OverexertionStrain/OverexertionElectrical ShockElectrical ShockFire/ExplosionFire/ExplosionLight RadiationLight RadiationFalling ObjectsFalling ObjectsSharp ObjectsSharp ObjectsBiologicalBiologicalDefinitionsDefinitions 定义定义化学品接触吸入、皮肤、手、眼睛有害粉尘噪声曝露飞溅的碎片或物体突出的物体上下温高空坠落绊倒/滑倒紧张，劳累电击火灾/爆炸放射线坠物砸伤接触锋利物体生物危险Hazard ExamplesHazard Examples 危险举例危险举例危险举例危险举例:Electrical Shock电击电击Chemical Exposure Eyes眼睛接触化学品眼睛接触化学品Flying Debris/Objects飞溅飞溅的碎片或物体的碎片或物体Engulfment开挖塌方开挖塌方Fall From高空高空坠坠落落Fall From高空高空坠坠落落Trip/Slip绊绊倒倒/滑倒滑倒Fire/Explosion火灾火灾/爆炸爆炸Struck by Falling Objects坠坠物物砸伤砸伤Contact With Moving Objects运动物体接触运动物体接触Other Hazards其它危其它危险险Other Hazards其它危其它危险险Identify discrete Activities,Products,and Services(APS)Identify discrete Activities,Products,and Services(APS)识别识别不同的活不同的活动动、产产品与效品与效劳劳 APSAPS Identify Hazards for each APSIdentify Hazards for each APS辨识每个辨识每个APSAPS的危险的危险Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APSDetermine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS判断每个判断每个APSAPS的危险和风险的危险和风险Determine Hazard SignificanceDetermine Hazard Significance判断危险的重要性判断危险的重要性Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant RisksDevelop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks对重要风险提出目标指标对重要风险提出目标指标Keep data up-to-Keep data up-to-date and date and periodically periodically review.review.数据及时进行更数据及时进行更新并定期审核新并定期审核Starting PointStarting Point起点起点Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areasareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域功能区域Establish/Refine Controls,as necessaryEstablish/Refine Controls,as necessary如果需要，建立如果需要，建立/健全控制措施健全控制措施Hazard/Risk Analysis FlowHazard/Risk Analysis Flow危险危险/风险分析流程风险分析流程Identifying Activities and Who Should be InvolvedIdentifying Activities and Who Should be InvolvedIdentifying Activities and Who Should be InvolvedIdentifying Activities and Who Should be InvolvedIdentifying Activities and Who Should be InvolvedIdentifying Activities and Who Should be Involved 识别相识别相识别相识别相识别相识别相关活动和参与的人员关活动和参与的人员关活动和参与的人员关活动和参与的人员关活动和参与的人员关活动和参与的人员Before you can determine your sites hazards you must Before you can determine your sites hazards you must know what activities are being conducted at your site.know what activities are being conducted at your site.在你判断场地危险之前，你必须知道在你场地正从事何种活在你判断场地危险之前，你必须知道在你场地正从事何种活动。动。Start with a site layout.Start with a site layout.从场地平面图开始从场地平面图开始Divide the site into operational/functional areas.Divide the site into operational/functional areas.将场地划分为不同的操作将场地划分为不同的操作/功能区域。功能区域。Excavating 开挖活动Excavating 开挖活动Maintenance维修Processing加工处理Office 办公室Parking停车场Shipping/Receiving Dock运输与接收平台ACME Site Layout ACME场地平面布置Identify discrete Activities,Products,and Services(APS)Identify discrete Activities,Products,and Services(APS)识别识别不同的活不同的活动动、产产品与效品与效劳劳 APSAPS Identify Hazards for each APSIdentify Hazards for each APS辨识每个辨识每个APSAPS的危险的危险Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APSDetermine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS判断每个判断每个APSAPS的危险和风险的危险和风险Determine Hazard SignificanceDetermine Hazard Significance判断危险的重要性判断危险的重要性Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant RisksDevelop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks对重要风险提出目标指标对重要风险提出目标指标Keep data up-to-Keep data up-to-date and date and periodically periodically review.review.数据及时进行更数据及时进行更新并定期审核新并定期审核Starting PointStarting Point起点起点Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areasareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域功能区域Establish/Refine Controls,as necessaryEstablish/Refine Controls,as necessary如果需要，建立如果需要，建立/健全控制措施健全控制措施Hazard/Risk Analysis FlowHazard/Risk Analysis Flow危险危险/风险分析流程风险分析流程Identifying Activities and Who Should be InvolvedIdentifying Activities and Who Should be InvolvedIdentifying Activities and Who Should be InvolvedIdentifying Activities and Who Should be InvolvedIdentifying Activities and Who Should be InvolvedIdentifying Activities and Who Should be Involved 识别相识别相识别相识别相识别相识别相关活动和参与的人员关活动和参与的人员关活动和参与的人员关活动和参与的人员关活动和参与的人员关活动和参与的人员Recruit individuals knowledgeable of areas.Recruit individuals knowledgeable of areas.招招纳纳熟熟谙谙区域的人区域的人员员Manager/Supervisors Manager/Supervisors 经经理理/主管主管EH&S EHSEH&S EHS人人员员Employees Employees 职员职员Brainstorm to determine area activities.Brainstorm to determine area activities.运用运用“头脑风头脑风暴暴来区分区域活来区分区域活动动Consider legacy issues as well as current operational Consider legacy issues as well as current operational issues(I.e.previous injuries)issues(I.e.previous injuries)考考虑遗虑遗留留问题问题，业业考考虑虑当前当前操作中的操作中的问题问题 如以前的工如以前的工伤伤事故事故 Identify discrete Activities,Products,and Services(APS)Identify discrete Activities,Products,and Services(APS)识别识别不同的活不同的活动动、产产品与效品与效劳劳 APSAPS Identify Hazards for each APSIdentify Hazards for each APS辨识每个辨识每个APSAPS的危险的危险Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APSDetermine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS判断每个判断每个APSAPS的危险和风险的危险和风险Determine Hazard SignificanceDetermine Hazard Significance判断危险的重要性判断危险的重要性Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant RisksDevelop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks对重要风险提出目标指标对重要风险提出目标指标Keep data up-to-Keep data up-to-date and date and periodically periodically review.review.数据及时进行更数据及时进行更新并定期审核新并定期审核Starting PointStarting Point起点起点Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areasareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域功能区域Establish/Refine Controls,as necessaryEstablish/Refine Controls,as necessary如果需要，建立如果需要，建立/健全控制措施健全控制措施Hazard/Risk Analysis FlowHazard/Risk Analysis Flow危险危险/风险分析流程风险分析流程ACME Plant Activity ACME工厂活动 Hazard Identification Sheet Hazard Identification Sheet 危险辨识表危险辨识表Identify discrete Activities,Products,and Services(APS)Identify discrete Activities,Products,and Services(APS)识别识别不同的活不同的活动动、产产品与效品与效劳劳 APSAPS Identify Hazards for each APSIdentify Hazards for each APS辨识每个辨识每个APSAPS的危险的危险Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APSDetermine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS判断每个判断每个APSAPS的危险和风险的危险和风险Determine Hazard SignificanceDetermine Hazard Significance判断危险的重要性判断危险的重要性Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant RisksDevelop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks对重要风险提出目标指标对重要风险提出目标指标Keep data up-to-Keep data up-to-date and date and periodically periodically review.review.数据及时进行更数据及时进行更新并定期审核新并定期审核Starting PointStarting Point起点起点Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areasareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域功能区域Establish/Refine Controls,as necessaryEstablish/Refine Controls,as necessary如果需要，建立如果需要，建立/健全控制措施健全控制措施Hazard/Risk Analysis FlowHazard/Risk Analysis Flow危险危险/风险分析流程风险分析流程Prioritizing Hazards/RiskPrioritizing Hazards/Risk对危险对危险对危险对危险/风险进行排序风险进行排序风险进行排序风险进行排序A process should be used to determine how A process should be used to determine how significant the RISK a hazard can have on significant the RISK a hazard can have on workers.workers.用于判断某一危险对工作人员造成风险程度的用于判断某一危险对工作人员造成风险程度的过程过程 Determine Risk of HazardsDetermine Risk of Hazards判断危险的风险判断危险的风险Rating Tool to Facilitate the ProcessRating Tool to Facilitate the Process帮助判断的等级评定工具帮助判断的等级评定工具Hazard Risk ToolHazard Risk Tool 危险风险分析工具危险风险分析工具Ranking Procedure/评级评级程序程序dReview each Hazard and score each hazard individually chosen by team.审阅每一个危险因素，由组建的团队成员逐个评分。dTransfer the average score on Severity and Probability to the Hazard Risk Tool worksheet.将严重性和可能性的平均分输入到风险分析工具表单。Identify discrete Activities,Products,and Services(APS)Identify discrete Activities,Products,and Services(APS)识别识别不同的活不同的活动动、产产品与效品与效劳劳 APSAPS Identify Hazards for each APSIdentify Hazards for each APS辨识每个辨识每个APSAPS的危险的危险Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APSDetermine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS判断每个判断每个APSAPS的危险和风险的危险和风险Determine Hazard SignificanceDetermine Hazard Significance判断危险的重要性判断危险的重要性Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant RisksDevelop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks对重要风险提出目标指标对重要风险提出目标指标Keep data up-to-Keep data up-to-date and date and periodically periodically review.review.数据及时进行更数据及时进行更新并定期审核新并定期审核Starting PointStarting Point起点起点Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areasareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域功能区域Establish/Refine Controls,as necessaryEstablish/Refine Controls,as necessary如果需要，建立如果需要，建立/健全控制措施健全控制措施Hazard/Risk Analysis FlowHazard/Risk Analysis Flow危险危险/风险分析流程风险分析流程Set Objectives 设立目标设立目标d dSet Improvement Objectives to Lower Risk Set Improvement Objectives to Lower Risk 设设立改善目立改善目标标来降来降低低风险风险 d dList all of your Significant Hazards/Risk.(red or yellow ratings)List all of your Significant Hazards/Risk.(red or yellow ratings)d d列出所有重要的危列出所有重要的危险险/风险风险。红红色或黄色等色或黄色等级级)d dEvaluate Significant hazards(red or yellow ratings)to Evaluate Significant hazards(red or yellow ratings)to determine if changes can be made to process to reduce the determine if changes can be made to process to reduce the risk so that they are no longer Significant.risk so that they are no longer Significant.d d 评评估重要危估重要危险险 红红色或黄色等色或黄色等级级，来判断如果是否可以通，来判断如果是否可以通过过工工艺过艺过程改程改变变来降低来降低风险风险，使其不再成，使其不再成为为重要危重要危险险。Set Objectives 设立目标设立目标d dUse best possible/most feasible controlUse best possible/most feasible control 采取尽可能完善和可行的控制措施采取尽可能完善和可行的控制措施dGet employee participation in developing operational Get employee participation in developing operational controls.controls.让员工参与提出操作控制措施让员工参与提出操作控制措施What to do with Hazards that have been determined to What to do with Hazards that have been determined to What to do with Hazards that have been determined to What to do with Hazards that have been determined to have a Significant Risk?Focus on Red or yellow have a Significant Risk?Focus on Red or yellow have a Significant Risk?Focus on Red or yellow have a Significant Risk?Focus on Red or yellow ratingsratingsratingsratings对那些判断有重要风险的危险该采取什么措施？集中精对那些判断有重要风险的危险该采取什么措施？集中精对那些判断有重要风险的危险该采取什么措施？集中精对那些判断有重要风险的危险该采取什么措施？集中精力于那些红色或黄色等级的危险力于那些红色或黄色等级的危险力于那些红色或黄色等级的危险力于那些红色或黄色等级的危险d dElimination/Substitution-removing or reducing the Elimination/Substitution-removing or reducing the hazard hazard 消除消除/替代替代 移除或者降低危移除或者降低危险险d dEngineering Controls workstation design,machine Engineering Controls workstation design,machine guards,safety controls,isolation of hazardous areas,guards,safety controls,isolation of hazardous areas,monitoring devices,etc.monitoring devices,etc.工程控制工程控制 工作站工作站设计设计、机械防、机械防护护、平安控制、危、平安控制、危险险区域隔离、区域隔离、监测设监测设施等施等d dAdministrative Controls-procedures,assessments,Administrative Controls-procedures,assessments,inspection,records to monitor and ensure safe practices inspection,records to monitor and ensure safe practices and environments are maintained.and environments are maintained.管理控制程序、管理控制程序、评评价、价、检查检查、用、用显显示器示器记录记录、确保、确保维维持平安的操作持平安的操作标标准和准和环环境境d dTraining Controls-initial new hire safety orientation,job Training Controls-initial new hire safety orientation,job specific safety training and periodic refresher training.specific safety training and periodic refresher training.培培训训控制控制进进行新行新进员进员工的平安教育、具体作工的平安教育、具体作业业平安配平安配许许和和定期定期强强化培化培训训d dPersonal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Equipment 个人防个人防护护装装备备Hierarchy of Operational ControlsHierarchy of Operational Controls 操作控制的层次操作控制的层次操作控制的层次操作控制的层次优优先先考考虑虑次次要要考考虑虑Case Study-案例讨论案例讨论Identify discrete Activities,Products,and Services(APS)Identify discrete Activities,Products,and Services(APS)识别识别不同的活不同的活动动、产产品与效品与效劳劳 APSAPS Identify Hazards for each APSIdentify Hazards for each APS辨识每个辨识每个APSAPS的危险的危险Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APSDetermine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS判断每个判断每个APSAPS的危险和风险的危险和风险Determine Hazard SignificanceDetermine Hazard Significance判断危险的重要性判断危险的重要性Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant RisksDevelop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks对重要风险提出目标指标对重要风险提出目标指标Keep data up-to-Keep data up-to-date and date and periodically periodically review.review.数据及时进行更数据及时进行更新并定期审核新并定期审核Starting PointStarting Point起点起点Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areasareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域功能区域Establish/Refine Controls,as necessaryEstablish/Refine Controls,as necessary如果需要，建立如果需要，建立/健全控制措施健全控制措施Hazard/Risk Analysis FlowHazard/Risk Analysis Flow危险危险/风险分析流程风险分析流程Maintain and Review 保持和评审保持和评审d dInstallation and/or modification of processes or equipmentInstallation and/or modification of processes or equipmentd d 工工艺过艺过程或程或设备设备安装或改造安装或改造d dRemoval of processes or equipment Removal of processes or equipment d d 工工艺艺或或设备设备的移除的移除d dHazards missed on previous assessmentsHazards missed on previous assessmentsd d 以前以前评评估估遗遗漏的危漏的危险险d dWhen Employee identify concernsWhen Employee identify concernsd d 员员工辨工辨识识潜在潜在问题问题的的时时机机d dSchedule Periodic Management Review(at least annually)Schedule Periodic Management Review(at least annually)d d 定期管理定期管理评审评审的的时间时间安排安排 至少一年一次至少一年一次