The-Integumentary-System医疗培训ppt课件

本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。General AnatomyA large organ composed of all 4 tissue types22 square feet 1-2 mm thickWeight 10 lbs.1General AnatomyA large organ c本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Overview3 Major layers of skinEpidermis is epithelial tissue onlyDermis is layer of connective tissue,nerve&muscleHypodermis(subcutaneous)is layer of adipose&areolar tissues2Overview3 Major layers of skin本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Overview of EpidermisStratified squamous epitheliumContains no blood vessels4 types of cells5 distinct strata(layers)of cells3Overview of EpidermisStratifie本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Cell types of the Epidermis Keratinocytes-90%produce keratin Melanocytes-8%produces melanin pigmentmelanin transferred to other cells with long cell processesLangerhan cellsfrom bone marrowprovide immunityMerkel cellsin deepest layerform touch receptor with sensory neuron4Cell types of the Epidermis Ke本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Layers(Strata)of the EpidermisStratum corneumStratum lucidumStratum granulosumStratum spinosumStratum basale5Layers(Strata)of the Epiderm本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Stratum BasaleDeepest single layer of cells Combination of merkel cells,melanocytes,keratinocytes&stem cells that divide repeatedlyCells attached to each other&to basement membrane by desmosomes&hemidesmosomes6Stratum BasaleDeepest single l本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Stratum Spinosum8 to 10 cell layers held together by desmosomesDuring slide preparation,cells shrink and look spinyMelanin taken in by phagocytosis from nearby melanocytes7Stratum Spinosum8 to 10 cell l本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Stratum Granulosum3-5 layers of flat dying cellsShow nuclear degenerationContain dark-staining keratohyalin granulesContain lamellar granules that release lipid that repels water8Stratum Granulosum3-5 layers本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Stratum Lucidum Seen in thick skin on palms&soles of feetThree to five layers of clear,flat,dead cellsContains precursor of keratin9Stratum Lucidum Seen in thick 本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Stratum Corneum25 to 30 layers of flat dead cells filled with keratin and surrounded by lipidsContinuously shedBarrier to light,heat,water,chemicals&bacteriaFriction stimulates callus formation10Stratum Corneum25 to 30 layers本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Keratinization&Epidermal GrowthStem cells divide to produce keratinocytesAs keratinocytes are pushed up towards the surface,they fill with keratin4 week journey unless outer layers removed in abrasionHormone EGF(epidermal growth factor)can speed up processPsoriasis=chronic skin disordercells shed in 7 to 10 days as flaky silvery scalesabnormal keratin produced11Keratinization&Epidermal Gro本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Skin GraftsNew skin can not regenerate if stratum basale and its stem cells are destroyedSkin graft is covering of wound with piece of healthy skinautograft from selfisograft from twinautologous skintransplantation of patients skin grown in culture12Skin GraftsNew skin can not re本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。DermisConnective tissue layer composed of collagen&elastic fibers,fibroblasts,macrophages&fat cellsContains hair follicles,glands,nerves&blood vesselsMajor regions of dermispapillary regionreticular region13DermisConnective tissue layer 本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Papillary RegionTop 20%of dermisComposed of loose CT&elastic fibers Finger like projections called dermal papillaeFunctionsanchors epidermis to dermiscontains capillaries that feed epidermiscontains Meissners corpuscles(touch)&free nerve endings(pain and temperature)14Papillary RegionTop 20%of der本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Reticular RegionDense irregular connective tissueContains interlacing collagen and elastic fibersPacked with oil glands,sweat gland ducts,fat&hair folliclesProvides strength,extensibility&elasticity to skinstretch marks are dermal tears from extreme stretchingEpidermal ridges form in fetus as epidermis conforms to dermal papillaefingerprints are left by sweat glands open on ridgesincrease grip of hand15 Reticular RegionDense irregul本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Skin Color Pigments(1)Melanin produced in epidermis by melanocytessame number of melanocytes in everyone,but differing amounts of pigment producedresults vary from yellow to tan to black colormelanocytes convert tyrosine to melaninUV in sunlight increases melanin productionClinical observationsfreckles or liver spots=melanocytes in a patchalbinism=inherited lack of tyrosinase;no pigmentvitiligo=autoimmune loss of melanocytes in areas of the skin produces white patches16Skin Color Pigments(1)Melanin本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Skin Color Pigments(2)Carotene in dermisyellow-orange pigment(precursor of vitamin A)found in stratum corneum&dermis Hemoglobinred,oxygen-carrying pigment in blood cellsif other pigments are not present,epidermis is translucent so pinkness will be evident17Skin Color Pigments(2)Carote本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Accessory Structures of Skin Epidermal derivativesCells sink inward during development to form:hairoil glandssweat glandsnails18Accessory Structures of Skin E本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Structure of Hair Shaft-visiblemedulla,cortex&cuticle Root-below the surfaceFollicle surrounds root19 Structure of Hair Shaft-vi本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Hair Related Structures Arrector pilismooth muscle in dermis contracts with cold or fear.forms goosebumps as hair is pulled verticallyHair root plexusdetect hair movement20Hair Related Structures Arrect本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Hair ColorResult of melanin produced in melanocytes in hair bulbDark hair contains true melaninBlond and red hair contain melanin with iron and sulfur addedGraying hair is result of decline in melanin productionWhite hair has air bubbles in the medullary shaft21Hair ColorResult of melanin pr本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Functions of HairPrevents heat lossDecreases sunburnEyelashes help protect eyesTouch receptors(hair root plexus)senses light touch22 Functions of HairPrevents hea本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Glands of the SkinSpecialized exocrine glands found in dermisSebaceous(oil)glandsSudiferous(sweat)glandsCeruminous(wax)glandsMammary(milk)glands23Glands of the SkinSpecialized 本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Sebaceous(oil)glandsSecretory portion in the dermisMost open onto hair shafts Sebumcombination of cholesterol,proteins,fats&saltskeeps hair and skin from soft&pliableinhibits growth of bacteria&fungi(ringworm)Acnebacterial inflammation of glandssecretions stimulated by hormones at puberty24Sebaceous(oil)glandsSecretor本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Sudoriferous(sweat)glands Eccrine(sweat)glandsmost areas of skinsecretory portion in dermis with duct to surfaceregulate body temperature with perspiration Apocrine(sweat)glandsarmpit and pubic regionsecretory portion in dermis with duct that opens onto hair folliclesecretions more viscous function after puberty,“cold sweat”25 Sudoriferous(sweat)glands E本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Ceruminous glandsModified sweat glands produce waxy secretion in ear canalCerumin contains secretions of oil and wax glandsHelps form barrier for entrance of foreign bodiesImpacted cerumen may reduce hearing26 Ceruminous glandsModified swe本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Structure of NailsTightly packed keratinized cellsNail bodyvisible portion pink due to underlying capillariesfree edge appears whiteNail rootburied under skin layerslunula is white due to thickened stratum basaleEponychium(cuticle)stratum corneum layer27Structure of NailsTightly pack本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Nail GrowthNail matrix below nail root produces growthCells transformed into tightly packed keratinized cells1 mm per week28Nail GrowthNail matrix below n本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Types of SkinThin skincovers most of bodythin epidermis(.1 to.15 mm.)that lacks stratum lucidumlacks epidermal ridges,has fewer sweat glands and sensory receptorsThick skinonly on palms and solesthick epidermis(.6 to 4.5 mm.)with distinct stratum lucidum&thick stratum corneumlacks hair follicles and sebaceous glands29Types of SkinThin skin29本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。General Functions of the SkinRegulation of body temperatureProtection as physical barrierSensory receptors Excretion and absorptionSynthesis of vitamin30General Functions of the SkinR本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Skin Cancer1 million cases diagnosed per year3 common forms of skin cancerbasal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasize)squamous cell carcinoma (may metastasize)malignant melanomas (metastasize rapidly)most common cancer in young womenarise from melanocytes-life threateningkey to treatment is early detection watch for changes in symmetry,border,color and sizerisks factors include-skin color,sun exposure,family history,age and immunological status31Skin Cancer1 million cases dia本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。Types of BurnsFirst-degreeonly epidermis(sunburn)Second-degree burn destroys entire epidermis&part of dermis fluid-filled blisters separate epidermis&dermisepidermal derivatives are not damagedheals without grafting in 3 to 4 weeks&may scarThird-degree or full-thicknessdestroy epidermis,dermis&epidermal derivativesdamaged area is numb due to loss of sensory nerves32Types of BurnsFirst-degree32