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Energy Efficient Windows and Energy Efficient Windows and Building DesignBuilding Design*Software Workshop*Software Workshop*Building Simulation ToolsBuilding Simulation ToolsNew Delhi-November 22-23,2019Bangalore-November 25-26,2019Instructors:Bipin Shah,NFRCCharlie urija,CEEREMahabir Bhandari,CEERESponsored by:U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)National Fenestration Rating Council(NFRC)Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at the University of Massachusetts(CEERE)Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgOverviewWhy building simulation(BS)tools?Application of BS toolsAvailable BS ToolsHow to choose a simulation tool?Performing building simulationExample:Case StudyCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgWhy Building Simulation(BS)Tools?To answer“What If”questionsAn inexpensive means for exploring a plethora of different design options and HVAC systemsAid in the analysis of energy usage in buildingEnergy conservation studiesBuilding design studiesEnergy saving potential:energy efficient design and operationBuilding performance involves complex interactions and designer can experiment with different strategies quicklyHelp in designing the buildings to conform with Building codesCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgApplication of BS ToolsnBuilding heating/cooling load calculation(peak energy Demand and its profile)nBuilding energy performance analysis,nBuilding energy management and control system design,nBuilding regulations/codes/standards compliance checkingnLife Cycle Cost analysisnQuality Assurance(Commissioning)Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgAvailable BS ToolsnDOE-2:Whole building analysis programInterface as eQuest,PowerDoe,VisualDoe,etc.nBLAST:building Load Analysis and System Thermodynamics.Uses heat balance method nEnergyPlus:Combination of DOE&Blast+additional featuresnEnergy10:For residential and small commercial buildings I.e.buildings with one or two zones or small(10,000 ft2)nBuilding Design Advisor:Early stages of design and optimization nTRNSYS:Designed to simulate the transient performance of thermal energy system Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgBS Tools Contd.nTSBI3:Easy to use flexible program developed by Danish Building Research Institute,ModularnESP-r:Major European tool.Public domain program,only Unix env.,self learning modulesnCOMBINE:Integrates more than 10 design tools into an Intergraph based architectural CAD systemnMore information on these and other simulation tools:eren.doe.gov/buildings/tools_directory/Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgSpecialized/Component Tools nTo provide the detailed description of key components such asDetailed Frame calculationsThermal bridges or 2-D heat transfer at window wall interfaceAir flowsFenestration systemsnThe detailed results are more accurate and act as input to the whole building simulation modelCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgSpecialized/Component Tools:Partial ListnFor daylightingSuperlite,Radiance nFor building envelopes:THERM:Detailed 2D Analysis of heat transfer WINDOW/OPTICS:Fenestration heat transfer,solar heat gain and solar-optical properties For selecting energy efficient fenestration:RESFEN nFor multi-zone airflow:COMISnFor moisture transport phenomenon:WUFI Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgLife Cycle Analysis Tools:Partial ListnBEES 2.0Based on consensus standards(ASTM E917,ASTM E1557,ISO 14040 and ASTM E1765)bfrl.nist.gov/oae/bees.html nBLCCEvaluation of Energy&water conservation and Renewable energy projects;Comparative economic measuresdoe2nATHENAenvironmental measures:embodied energy,resource use,air and water pollution,greenhouse gas effects and total solid wastes produced.athenaSMI.canLISALCA in Sustainable ArchitectureMost case studies for Australia and UKn nLCCIDLCCID Ranking of projects,savings-Ranking of projects,savings-to-investment ratio,discounted to-investment ratio,discounted payback period payback period University of Illinois,UCUniversity of Illinois,UC n nEnvestEnvest For Office building:-For Office building:-ecopointecopoint Available from BRE UKAvailable from BRE UKCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgDOE2 nA public domain program for building energy analysis;sponsored by DOEnIt is a portable FORTRAN program and can be used in large variety of computers including PCsnPredicts hourly energy use and energy costnINPUTS:Hourly weather information,building description and HVAC system and utility ratesnStructureBDL,Loads,Systems,Plants and EconomicsSequential method to link these modelsUses weighting factor methodnDefault libraries for building constructionnCan use Metric and English unitsnUsesEnergy conservation studiesBuilding design studiesCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgDOE 2 flow diagramWeather processorPacked weatherKeyword file(BDLKEY.BIN)Std Lib(BDLLIB.DAT)User lib(USRLIB.DAT)Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgDOE2:Input File Format nDOE2 uses BDL Language processornKEYWORDS are used for the descriptionDirt=MATERIAL TYPE =PROPERTIES THICKNESS =2 CONDUCTIVITY =0.5 DENSITY =100 SPECIFIC-HEAT =0.25Lay 8in CMU=LAYERS MATERIAL =(Dirt,CMU HW 8in ConcFill(CB12),Polystyrene 1.25in(IN34),GypBd 1/2in(GP01).Cons 8in CMU=CONSTRUCTION TYPE =LAYERS ABSORPTANCE =0.65 ROUGHNESS =2 LAYERS =Lay 8in CMU East Wall Z1=EXTERIOR-WALL CONSTRUCTION =Cons 8in CMU.Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgDOE2:GUIsnBDL file is difficult to create and users need to remember a number of related keywordsnGraphical User Interfaces:eQuest:Freeware and easy to use.PowerDoe:Graphical presentation of both building description and display of resultsPowerDoe:Comprehensive GUIVisualDoe:Rooms can be represented by block,ease facades,design alternatives of drag drop,Custom block editor,custom OtherCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgDOE with GUI:eQuestnEasy to use and free simple Graphical User Interface for quick energy analysisnOnly 31 sheets of details and can be mastered in 2-3 hoursnDefault values and online help availablenUses DOE 2.2 as simulation enginenWizard mode has no flexibility of changing data but user inputs can be provided in spreadsheet mode and/or by editing the default libraryCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgeQuest:WizardCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgeQuest:Important DatanBuilding geometry:Footprint shape:Triangle,rectangle.L shape,T shape,+shape,U shape,H shape(accordingly the length and width parameters)Number of floors floor heightZoning pattern:1 per floor,Perimeter/coreConstruction:walls/roof,floors/ceilingvWindows area,type,frame,overhangs/finsnInternal load Lighting,Occupancy,Equipment with schedulesDistribution by spacesnHVAC systemsSystem descriptionHeating/cooling set points and SchedulesCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgeQuest:Spreadsheet viewCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgeQuest:Online HelpCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgeQuest:3D viewCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgeQuest:EEM wizardCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgSummary of PowerDoenProvides details specifications of building geometry and HVAC systemsnAvailable online helpnLibraries for construction,HVAC systems&weather locales;library can be modified or user specific library can be definednFuture additions:Process refrigeration and equipmentRule processor and automated designWizard for building typesnCreating input data(building geometry)is very time consuming and requires a good amount of familiarity with the programnAvailability:doe2 Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgEnergyPlusnDevelopment:It was becoming difficult and costly to maintain DOE and BLAST both supported by US governmentnBased on combined features&capabilities of BLAST&DOE2 but is a completely new program written in FORTRAN 90/95nNew features:Integrated(simultaneous loads and systems)simulationVariable time stepsUser-configurable modular systemMultizone air flowMoisture transfer in building componentsInput and output structures tailored to facilitate third party dev.Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgStructure of EnergyPlusnSimulation ManagerControls the interactions between all simulation loopsModules are self containednHeat and Mass BalanceCan connect to COMIS for multi-zone airflow To WINDOW5 for fenestrationnBuilding Systems SimulationControls the simulation of HVAC and elec.systems,equip,componentsnInput,Output&Weather DataCan read data from CAD,DOE,BLASTReadable but not user friendlyIAI developing an object oriented data protocol(IFC)for bldg inf.exchangeVery few default assumptionsCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgImporting building geometry from CAD into EnergyPlusnSoftware interoperability for direct exchange of data among different softwarenThe exchange requires a data modelnData model is called International Foundation Classes(IFC)nData model supports the 3D definition of building geometryqBuilding Geometry from CAD can be imported to EnergyPlus via BSPro developed by Olof Grandlund,Finland Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgEnergy Plus ScreenCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgSummary of EnergyPlus FeaturesnIn the preliminary stage of developmentnModular structure gives flexibility of adding interfaces and componentsnMore accurate simulation engine than DOE and BLASTnTime consuming task of building geometry input will be drastically reduced by use of IFCsnVersion 1.0 is available and is free of charge from:eren.doe.gov/buildings/energy_tools/energyplus/nBSPro Com server for IC files is available at:bspro/Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.org BLASTnUses heat balance approachnSponsored by DODnVersion with interface available from University of IllinoisCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.org Energy-10nFor quick estimationnIntegrates daylighting,passive heating and cooling technologies with an eff.envelope&equipmentnFor smaller buildings buildings(1 or 2 thermal zones)=10,000 ft2nRanking of strategiesCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.org Building Design AdvisornActs as data manager and process controllernIntegrates use of multiple simulation tools and data basesnCurrent version has Daylighting(DCM),Electric lighting(ECM)and Energy analysis(DOE2)linkedCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.org TRNSYSnTransient performance of thermal systemsnModular approach to solve systems of componentsnEach component is a FORTRAN subroutinenNew component can be generated easilynGUI IISiBat availableCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.org RADIANCEnHighly accurate ray tracing softwarenFor analysis and visualization in lighting designnPredicts illumination,visual quality and appearance,performance of new lighting and daylighting technologiesnInputs:Geometry,materials,luminaries,time,date,sky conditionsCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.org COMISnInter-zonal airflow modelnTransportation of contaminantsnStandalone or can be integrated into BS modelsnIISiBat as GUICenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.org WUFInWindow based model for hygrothermal analysis of building envelope constructionsnInfluence of driving rain on exterior building componentsnInvestigate the danger of interstitial condensationnDeveloped by ORNL and Fraunhofer InstCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.org BEES 2.0Building for Environmental and Economic SustainabilitynWindows-based decision support softwarenEnvironmental performance based on ISO 14040nEconomic performance based on ASTM E971nincludes actual environmental and economic performance data for 65 building productsCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.org BLCC 5.0Building Life-Cycle CostnWindow based,programmed in Java with XML formatnFor energy and water conservation in buildingsnEvaluates alternate design both in new and existing buildings nCalculates lowest LCC i.e.which design is most economical in long runnEconomic measures for alternative design including net savings,SIR,adjusted IRR and payback periodnEnergy savings and emission reductionCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.org ATHENAnLife Cycle Env.Effects of a complete structure or of individual assembliesnPresently steel,wood&concrete products and assemblies;nExperiment with alternative design and different material mixesnFor low rise buildings max upto 5 storeysCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgSelection of a BS toolnNeed/purposenExpertisenPerformance Computing ability Usability Data exchange ability Database supportnBudget/CostSoftware costTraining costUsing costCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgHow to perform building simulationnSelection of a toolnMastering how to use a tool-TrainingnDefining the problem or identifying the opportunitiesnSpecifying the modelnData acquisition:for representing the building and HVAC systems in the format of simulation toolnImplementationnPlanningnExperimentationnAnalysis of results and reportingCenter for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019Energy Efficient Windows and Building Designwww.ceere.orgSummarynSummary of building simulation tools have been presentednA large number of tools are availablenProper selection and understanding of tools is importantnSimulation tools can play a major role in energy conservation and Energy efficient design.Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,UMass,Copyright,2019
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