不定式由to-动词原形构成课件

The infinitive不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式不定式不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nev一.结构结构:to do 二.(否定否定)not/never to do 二二.时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-结构:to do 二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式(1).They pretended not to see us.(2).He pretended to be sleeping.(3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时发生一般式表示与谓语的动作同时发生/在它之后在它之后.).)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).Were happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态(1).They pretended not to see 想一想想一想He pretends to be ill to sleep in class.一般式一般式(to do)He pretends to be listening when asked.进行式进行式(to be doing)不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。之后发生。如果谓语表示的动作（情况）如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。作正在进行。He pretends to have understood the lesson.完成式（完成式（to have done)表示表示不定式不定式动作发生动作发生在谓语动作之前在谓语动作之前。想一想He pretends to be ill to sl动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能To have an ice cream is cool.I want to see you this evening.All you should do now is to remember todays lesson.I want a pen to write with.He lowered his head to sleep.He asked his partner not to copy the homework.主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补动词不定式的句法功能To have an ice cream重点重点!Remember them!重点!Remember them!一、一、-ing形式与不定式的区别形式与不定式的区别不定式一般表示某个不定式一般表示某个一次性的、具体的一次性的、具体的、未做的未做的动作；而动作；而-ing形式则表示形式则表示习惯的习惯的（泛指的）泛指的）动作或动作或一件已知的事或经验已知的事或经验。Getting up early is a good habit.To finish the work in a week is impossible.一、-ing形式与不定式的区别不定式一般表示某个一次性的、具二、不定式做主语，一般用二、不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。把作主语的不定式短语后置。但在下列句型中常用但在下列句型中常用-ing形式形式作主语。作主语。It is impossible to finish the work in a week.It is/was not any use/goodof little use/gooduseless+doing sth.no use/good二、不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持应保持形式上的一致。形式上的一致。Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is of little good staying up too late every day.注意注意 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。It1)有些动词要求有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语：只接不定式作宾语：hope wish want agree promise demand ask refuse manage learn decidepretend choosefail dare offer help三个希望希望两答应答应两个要求要求莫拒绝拒绝做到学会做到学会作决定决定不要假装假装在选择选择没敢没敢提出提出来帮助帮助三、不定式和三、不定式和ing形式形式作宾语作宾语的区别的区别1)有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语：三个希望两答应两个要求莫拒2)有些动词只接有些动词只接ing作宾语作宾语,常见的有：常见的有：resist、object to、delay、look forward to、enjoy；mind、imagine、practise、suggest、appreciate.抗议推迟盼喜报，心想练成荐欣赏Bear them in your mind!2)有些动词只接ing作宾语,常见的有：抗议推迟盼喜报，Be四、四、不带不带to的不定式的不定式作宾补作宾补三三使使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感一感:feel四看四看 watch see observe noticeI heard them sing a pop song.The teacher made me answer the question.We watched them play football.四、不带to的不定式作宾补三使 let make have 如果上述结构变为被动语态如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语,此时动词此时动词(let,have无被动语态无被动语态)后原后原来不带来不带to的不定式要加的不定式要加to。如如:He was seen to go upstairs.He was made to do his work.Be careful!如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语 五、介词介词except/but 之后接不定式时，如之后接不定式时，如果介词前果介词前有实意动词有实意动词do的各种形式的各种形式则则except/but 后接后接不带不带to 的不定式；反之，的不定式；反之，如果如果except/but前前没有实意动词没有实意动词do，则不，则不定式定式带带to。Cai has no choice but to do the homework.Cai does nothing but sleep every day.五、介词except/but 之后接不定式时，如果介六、作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。He is looking for a room to live in.不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。He had no money and no place to live.六、作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词七、七、something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。定语。1)Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you）2)Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已的动作执行者是已被省略的被省略的me或或someone else）注意比较注意比较七、something,anything,nothinTo tell the truth,I am not happy at the moment.八、独立结构八、独立结构to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truthTo tell the truth,I am not ha九、九、不定式的省略不定式的省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词.-Would you like to go with me?-Id like to.(2).不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构,be 不可省不可省.-Would you like to be a teacher?-Id like to be.九、不定式的省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要十、十、固定句型固定句型:1.had better/had best+(not)do sth.2.Why(not)do sth.?3.prefer to do/prefer doing4.prefer+n./doing A+to+n./doing B5.prefer+to do A rather than do B6.would rather(not)do sth.7.would rather do A than(do)B8.would rather+句子（过去式）句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）（虚拟语气）要做要做十、固定句型:had better/had best+不定式运用口诀不定式运用口诀 本领最多不定式，本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改有时它把句型改，作主宾时用作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，七个感官三使役，宾补要把宾补要把to甩开甩开；疑问词后接上它，疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，逻辑主语不定式，不定式前不定式前for sb.;to前前not是否定是否定，各种用法区别开。各种用法区别开。Use your head!Use your head!高考题回放1.My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _ from you sometime.A.to have heard B.to hear C.for hearing D.hearing2.Robert is said _ abroad,but I didnt know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to be studying C.to study D.to have been studying1.My wife said in her letter 3.In Australia he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English.A.get B.getting C.to get D.got4.They are considering _ before the prices go up.A.of buying the house B.with buying the house C.buying the house D.to buy the house3.In Australia he made a lot 5.Paul doesnt have to be made_.He always works hard.A.study B.to study C.studied D.studying6.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard（0.47）2007卷卷95.Paul doesnt have to be made7.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.see8.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B.what to do with it C.what to do it with D.to do what with it7.Having a trip abroad is cer9._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep10.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having=To have9._ late in the afternoon,exercise1.My teacher was made _ his teaching2.because of poor health.A.giving up B.to give up B.C.give up D.given upC.2.The sentence wants _ once more.D.explained B.to explain E.C.being explained D.explainingF.3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.G.having been B.to have beenH.C.to be D.beingMy teacher was made _ his 4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B.to be wovenB.C.to be weaving D.to weaveC.5.I found the German language hard _.D.learned B.learning E.C.to be learned D.to learn6.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offB.C.to turn it off D.having turned it off4.The Emperor ordered the wond几对易混淆的词组：几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth.停止去做某事停止去做某事 doing sth.停止正在做停止正在做forget to do sth.忘记去做忘记去做 doing sth.忘记已做了忘记已做了remember to do sth.记得去做记得去做 doing sth.记得曾经做记得曾经做几对易混淆的词组：7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving,making B.to solving,madeB.C.to solve,making D.to solve,madeC.8.-What do you think of the school?D.-It is a very good _.E.school to study in F.B.school for children to studyG.C.studying school H.D.school to study7.-How do you deal with the 9.-Did you get a job?-No,I _,but its no use.A.expected B.tried to B.C.managed to D.plannedC.10.We find it impossible for the work _D.ahead of time.E.to finish B.finishing F.C.being finished D.to be finishedG.11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.H.-Why not _ there by boat for a I.change?J.to try to go B.try going K.C.to try going D.try to go 9.-Did you get a job?BDB12._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B.MadeB.C.Making D.To have madeC.13.I would rather starve to death than _D.for food.E.beg B.begging C.begged D.to begF.14.The boy pretended _ when his motherG.entered.H.reading B.to read I.C.to be reading D.being read12._ a living,she had to wo1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2中国人民决不会征服。中国人民决不会征服。The Chinese people refuse _3据说他已经完成了他的工作。据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.4 根据报道他们已安全到达。根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _To love and to be lovedto give in/be conqueredto have finished/completed his workto have arrived safely1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。To love and to be5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.6 玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。Mary seemed _.7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympic.to be repaired at once/immediatelyto have been told about itto have been given5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。to be repaired