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CMII TrainingCMII Training（Course Course III)III)黄博宏黄博宏20082008年年3 3月月4 4日日Change Effectivities,Forms and Change Effectivities,Forms and TraceabilityTraceabilityCMII Training（Course III)黄博宏Ch2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only2大纲大纲A.Product Baseline,Reuse and ChangesB.The Enterprise Configuration and ChangesC.Close the Loop with Work AuthorizationsD.Effectivities versus Effective DatesE.Dependent Demand and EffectivitiesF.As-Built and As-Modified RecordsG.Problem Report Form and ECR FormH.ECN Form and Change Impact MatrixI.DCR Form and Deviation/Waiver FormJ.Decision Tree for ReidentificationK.Item Serialization and Lot TraceabilityL.Traceability of Changes to End-ItemsM.CM and Development with Data ModelsN.Software Defect Prevention and ReportingO.Highlights of this Course Revisited2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only3学习标的学习标的l学习如何增加计划性变更的可见性和新产品基线的生效方式及日期.l学习如何利用相似版本的计划中/已发行的产品基线来管理管理系需求的结构.l学习何谓接纳变更(对管理性文件)并确保使用正确的版本.l学习了解文件的发行日期,“生效日期,与生效的差异,并知道如何应用.l学习“可互换规则和如何通过每一个变更达成End-Item 可追踪性.l如何设计适当的表格来加强并支持Close-loop流程(实现接纳变更)l学习如何,何时分派序号和批号,和如何达成双向批次追踪.l学习如何更新制造纪录来反映发生在操作和维护阶段所发生的变更.l学习如何利用自动化工具和资料模型来帮助产品的开发,并了解为何CM 一直如此的重要.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only4A.Product Baseline,A.Product Baseline,Reuse and ChangesReuse and ChangeslProduct Baseline,从何开始?怎么重复利用现有的设计和零件和正在进行中的变更来建立我们的product baseline?l谈到baseline 就不能谈到revision history,本章节也会谈到相关的revision history 格式.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only5Baseline 是具有结构概念的,End-Item 的Baseline 不只包含自己相关的文件,还包含通过BOM 往下延伸的所有相关文件.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only6As-Planned and As-Released As-Planned and As-Released InformationInformation高阶需求被了解高阶需求被了解(as-released)(as-released)后后,才有可能把下阶才有可能把下阶的需求设计出来的需求设计出来(as-planned)(as-planned)2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only7第一个Baseline 出现后,所有的修改都需要通过ECN 来授权.Customer Approval Form 也是另一种授权的方式2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only8很少会有完全崭新的Configuration,她们大部分都来自于一个现有的Configuration 和Process,有多少是属于As-Planned Info.取决于Reuse 的程度.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only9lReuse 可以简单区分为六种:l(已经存在而且可以Reuse,或是需要一些修正,或是完全需要重新研究和设计)l我们的目标是一旦我们取得了重要的信息(或发明),我们就要善加利用,提高它的重用率.l所以一旦 as-released 以及as-planned baseline 的正确性与一致性被改进了,同时产品开发的效率也就同时被改进了.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only10 所谓Accommodate Change,很重要的一点就是维持它的可见度(Visibility),而所谓可见度,必须交代的就是其来龙去脉 下图显示了在一个Product Baseline 里面包含的所有文件的信息,包括了这样的文件是何时会被Release,通过什么样的授权(ECN)来Released,或是在何时,这份文件已经被Released.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only11Change ExistingFor new one在导入了Implementation Plan 和ECN Effectivity 的观念后,在这个Baseline 里面还必须要加入如下图所示的Planned Change2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only12所有的文件应该都要有所谓的Revision History Block(版本纪录),交代在这个版本之前是什么(Was-Is),现在与过去的差异是什么.右图是一个范例.第一个版本出现时就写在第一行,后续所做的修改就接着往下写,每一个改变出现就新增一行2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only13 下图是另一种格式,将上页的格式做了九十度的翻转,另外也加入了其变更的过程(ECN Number,Fast Tract).这样的表达方式会比上页的好一些,加强的Accommodate Change的意涵2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only14以下的这个范例又把上页的观念在做延伸,将整个Baseline 的结构(subsets)也同时记录下来.惯用缩写:EC:ECR/ECN 变更纪录 Copy(C):被取代的文件副本 MU(Mark-up):被取代文件的注记 DCR(Document Change Record):修改纪录2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only15B.The Enterprise B.The Enterprise Configuration and ChangesConfiguration and Changesl有关于End-Item 的设计基础主要文件,最多有四种,但关于企业的主要文件,最多有九种.l本章节主要介绍这九种文件,和它们彼此之间的关系,以及如何通过版本说明文件来界定最上层的文件.l以及,如何引用Baseline 和Change的观念来管理及同步这些文件的版本及内容.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only16 如同End-Item 一样,Business Enterprise 也有他一套的Primary Document 和它的Hierarchy2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only17 这如End-Item 有Physical Item Hierarchy 一样,Business Enterprise 里面的Facilities&Information System 也形成了所谓的Administrative Hierarachy.而Procedures,就是在说明如何使用Facilities&Information System 来达成企业目标的步骤和方法(Operation Standard)2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only18Primary:连接在Primary Item 的文件Secondary:连接在Primary Document 上的文件如果我们把Business Regulations 也算进去的话,Business Enterprise 的 Primary Documents 应该有九大类2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only19Administrative Hierarchy 的另一种视图 以Strategic Business Plan 的内容,展开所谓的核心流程(Core Processes),这也是Facilities,Information System&Enterprise Standards 的根本.Operation Plan(financial plan)的内容会指出,有那些Business ProgramsVDD:Version Description Document2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only20Operation Plan(of enterprise)=Build Schedule(of physical item)2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only21VDD 本来用在Software Program,不过一样可以适用在企业上,图的左边就是一个范例.跟前一章节谈到的一样,也需要描述其生效日期及其Authority(ECN)2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only22左图是有关产品生产计划,里面每一个文件的变更都会有ECN 来说明其变更的授权及生效日期.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only23同样的道理,在企业里面也有相同的需求和做法.不同的时间区间,应该对应到不同的管理文件.所有的管理性活动,也应该依据当时生效的文件来执行.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only24C.Close the Loop with C.Close the Loop with Work AuthorizationsWork Authorizationsl无论是Physical Item 或者是Business Enterprise,都可以通过baseline 来控管在何时,应该使用哪个文件的哪个版本,呈现其可见度(Visibility).l本章节从这点继续延伸,探讨如何延伸其可见度2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only25所谓的Effectivity就是要知道,“现在是什么,改变之后又是什么2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only26加入加入Planned Change Planned Change 之后的样貌之后的样貌D:表示删除,A:表示新增2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only27Physical Items 的概念也可以套用到Business Enterprise,每一个阶层也可以有它各自的Baseline.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only28左图就是上页想法的一个实践例子.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only29这是一个例子,在这个例子中,因为增加了Program C,所以Operation Plan 也同时做改变版本的动作2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only30 ECN 提供对文件修改或新增的授权 Work Authorization 提供了对实物(Physical Item)购买,制造,组建,测试的授权,其根据就是文件,而其结果也必须符合文件的内容.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only31 Conformance Documents 有的是说明结果应该是什么,有些是说明达成这样的结果,“需要的步骤是什么.这个工作的授权是来自于负责指出应用哪些文件,哪个版本的那个人,而不是那些实际上根据这个WA 做出动作的人2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only32 有些管理性工作是常态性的,使用的费用来自于经常性费用预算.这一类没有所谓的Work Authorization.有些管理性工作则是来自于某些管理性的项目,费用会来自于这些Program Budget.所谓的Administrative Activity 不外乎这两类.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only33 在ECN 流程上,Physical Item 和Business Enterprise 其实都一样.但在Work Authorization 上则不同.所以如何确保正确的Administrative Document 被使用,需要找到另一个方式来管理它2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only34Workshop III-1Workshop III-1lBackground:Background:lChapter A described a physical item-oriented as-planned/as-released baseline for managing like-families of end-items.Chapter B identified a similar baseline,or a set of baselines,for managing the enterprise administrative requirements.lWithin CM,the concept of an as-planned/as-released baseline is new.Applying the CMII principles to administrative requirements is new.Using such a baseline to manage administrative requirements is even newer.Although we are still learning how to do it,we are convinced that it is the right thing to do.We need to understand how the administrative hierarchy interfaces with the physical item hierarchies.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only35Workshop III-1Workshop III-1lYour Assignment:Your Assignment:Identify the ways in which the two hierarchies interface with each other by answering each of the following questions:1)Describe the interface in terms of secondary items.They are linked to primary documents in the physical item hierarchy.How are they linked to the administrative hierarchy?How would a change impact the two hierarchies?2)Describe the interface in terms of secondary documents such as software used to produce software.Where does the responsibility reside for the quality of the software that is produced versus the software used to produce software?How would a change impact the two types of software?3)Describe the interface in terms of core processes versus business programs.How does the owner of a business program,such as a program manager,interface with the owners of the various core processes.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only36D.Effectivities vs.D.Effectivities vs.Effective DatesEffective Datesl变更管理(Change Management)是整个企业管理中最复杂的一个功能,而Effectivities 又是变更管理中最复杂的.l所谓的Effectivities 代表了变更的切换点,它有不同的表达方式,因此也有了不同的解译方式.lECN 和Documents 都有Effectivites,Document 也有Release Date,也有Effective Date,本章节将说明三者的关系,以及如何使用.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only37对这个变更的生效,有很多说法,可以说是时段13(以End-Item的生效来看),有人说是8(以Asy 看),也有说是生效在A-1 这个End-Item,也有说是C-1 的某一个批号生效.基本上这几种都是可能的生效表达方式.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only38Business Enterprise 的生效多半都是与版本来区分,比较上比较没有Physical Item 那样的复杂.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only39以下图为例,Effectivity 发生在哪一层,要看在那一层发生Reidentification,同时也要连结到其控制的文件.至于Reidentification 的准则,在Chapter J 会提到.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only40Effectivity 是联结在Control Item所联结的取代与被取代的Controlling Documents,222 之所以是Controlling Item,因为他没有被Reidentified.而一份ECN 通常只有一个Effecitivity,不论有多少份文件被影响.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only41归纳起来,每个文件都会需要三种日期 Release Date Effectivity:仅限于Controlling Document.Effective Date:被取代文件停止使用而新文件开始被使用的日期2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only42 Release Date 通常就等于是Effective Date,但是可以早于Effective Date.对于一份Controlling Document 而言,Effectivity Date 会永远等于Effective Date,通常可以自动填入.在 Course IV,会进一步说明如何取出这些日期.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only43E.Dependent Demand and E.Dependent Demand and EffetivitiesEffetivitiesl传统上航太业都用End-Item的Serial Number 来表达其Effecitivies.l自从1970s/1980s 企业开始使用ERP 系统以后,通常都用Date 来表达Effecitivites.l这一章节将会引导了解两者的优缺点,藉此更了解Effectivities 的真正用意.同时也会更了解ERP 如何通过相依的需求,Forecast 来计算需求.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only44lERP 用到所谓planning bill的观念来计算未来的需求.l从111 展开的所有子件的需求都相依于111 的planning bill.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only45下图是一个Planning Bill 电子化的格式2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only46 所谓dependent demand item 是说该item 的需求依赖于其父件的需求.反之,“independent demand item 就是其需求与其父件无关.所以也就是最上一阶的item.从planning bill 往下展开的同时,也要考虑change effectivity 才能计算出正确的结果.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only47Effectivity by Serial Effectivity by Serial NumberNumberEffectivity by DateEffectivity by DateDifferent Way to State EffectivityDifferent Way to State Effectivity2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only48下面我们用一个例子来比较End-Item Serial Number 与 Date 的Effectivity 表达方式2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only49l第一个情境如下:lItem 777在一段时间后,出现瑕疵,如果忽略这个问题,会导致更严重的问题,为解决这个问题,我们用778 来取代它,这个改变希望在end-item serial number 422 以后生效.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only50 777 被778 取代后,原先的Parent 555 必须要re-identified(因为not interchangeable),333 也必须变成334,但111 不动.左侧这个例子是用日期来做生效的表示.对上页所描述的情境来说,比较不是那么贴切,但使用上看起来似乎没什么问题.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only51 把上页的日期生效,改为左图的序号生效,看起来更符合所要求的情境.序号生效通常都会标明起讫2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only52l第二个情境:lItem 778 几经测试后制作上非常困难,目前计划用779 来取代778,但之前已经有八个778 的成品产出.由于778和779对父件556来说是可互换的,所以556 不需要换号.预计从S/N422 以后,还是使用778,直到八个778 被用完后,才用779 取代.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only53以下是用日期来做生效标示,在这样的情境下,用日期生效是很令人困惑的,当生产计划有任何变动的时候,这些生效日期要跟着变更.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only54左图改成了以End-item serial number 的方式表示,看起来就更能表达现实的情况.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only55左边这个例子刚好相反,444 是一个标准件,应用在很多结构中,在这种情况下,用日期表达生效会比批号来的容易而且清楚多了原则上在planning bill 的应用上,以end-item serial number 的生效表达比较恰当,但变更发生在较底层结构的时候,用日期生效比较恰当2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only56 即使简单的变更,也会有很多不同的相依任务要执行,更不用说是复杂的变更.这些有任务需要有计划的被执行,来支持effecitivity.所以当effectivity 改变,这些任务的排程也需要改变.但不管哪种effecitivity 表达方式,这些排程都是需要的 生效的表达根据不同的情境,变动性是很大的.但不管如何,生效的维护都是一大挑战.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only57F.As-Build and As-F.As-Build and As-Modified RecordsModified Recordsl每一个As-build record 所关连的文件,表达了在当时那个end-item 的as-planned/as-released baseline.lModification records 和ECN 不同的地方在于,Modification 没有很严格的顺序.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only58Work Authorization/As-built records 来自于As-released/As-planned baseline.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only59每一笔As-built Record 都反映当时对这个Item 的as-released/as-planned baseline.(对照到上页).2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only60l对于高采购成本和材料替换前置期长的End-Items而言,通常会比较频繁的做调整以便延长它的服务年限(service life)lIn-Service modifications,执行的方式,会跟在build cycle 中的ECN 有一些差异.l订定优先序的条件会有所不同l合并变更的条件也会有所不同l很多ECN 是为了补足或修正文件的错误,而这些也许不适用于In-service document.l有些ECN 是为了改善制造难度,这通常对in-service item 来说并没有意义,除非这个ECN 可以同时改善维护难易度.l通常在In-service item 中,除非明显利益大于成本很多的改变才可能会被approved.l对build cycle 中的item 有利的ECN,不见得会对in-service item 有利.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only61多个ECR 会合并成一个ECN 实施,多个ECN 也会被合并成一个in-service modification 执行.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only62 In-service modification 必须搭配Work Authorization,就如同Document Update 需要有ECN 作为Authority 一样.这个Work Authoriztion 里面必须标明的是根据哪些文件.每一份文件也需要有ECN 作为Authority 或是其他种类的授权.同一个Work Authorization 可以对应到多个Item(如下图).每一个modification 会有一个号码,和对应的日期.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only63 in-service 设备的变更往往在文件变更前就会做了,尤其是当变更后的结果没办法事前加以计划.所以当变更完成后,一定要再回过头更新文件,同时as-build record 也要跟着一起修改.所以一个WA有时候会标示使用的文件,但同时也知道这份文件最终还是要经过一些修正.这些文件预计有的修正,要含在modification plan 里面.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only64纪录Modification 有两种方式:对日常使用的文件,像是操作指示,文件应该改版.对于少量使用的文件,可以用修订的方式(supplement)2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only65基于Continuous Improvement,physical items 还是会持续的被替换,这些替换也许不是一对一的,可能是各种的组合.以下的图是一个范例.Superseding item,表示已经经过调查可以替代的,Inquiry 表示这个Item 还需要经过一些调查,判断和被取代的item 中间有多大的差异.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only66以下是另一个范例,这个范例比较清楚,连他对应到的ECN 也标示出来,包括其Release Date 和生效,还有变更的种类(Major),special instruction.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only67如果被取代件与取代件,并非一对一,则用ECN number 来代表要取代的items2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only68Workshop III-2 Workshop III-2 lBackground:lEach of three facilities operate on an 18 month cycle which includes a 3 month shutdown for modifications and maintenance.No two facilities are to be down at the same time.The three facilities were to be identical and all three were to be defined on one set of documents.Differences,if any,could somehow be noted.After Unit 1 was built,Unit 2 was built from its as-built drawings and Unit 3 was built from as-built drawings for Unit 2.Problems became apparent before Unit 2 was finished.lBoth planned and unplanned modifications are to be accomplished during the 3 month shutdown period.Some modifications are planned but,after reviewing the status of the disassembled configuration,are not implemented.Conversely,disassembly often reveals a need for modifications that had not been planned.As time went by,the three facilities became increasingly different accordingly.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only692023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only70Workshop III-2Workshop III-2lBackground(Continue.)lIt was decided that only one set of documentation would be used to support all three facilities as a way to avoid the cost of creating and maintaining additional sets.lAbility to accomplish the planned and unplanned mods within no more than a 3 month window is dependent upon having the documentation and materials needed to support scheduled activities beginning with Day 1 of the shutdown.lThe net loss for each day that one facility sets idle is$1M.It is standard practice to bring in several hundred specialists to help perform such modifications.They are ready to work on Day 1 and remain on-site through the shutdown period.lYour workshop group has an assignment to define a better way to run the business.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only71Workshop III-2Workshop III-2lYour Assignment-Answer the following questions:Your Assignment-Answer the following questions:1)Describe how you would go about developing your recommendations and how you would justify those recommendations.List the types of information that you will need with which to make your case to upper management.2)Based upon your intuition about what you are likely to learn,describe what you believe that your eventual recommendations will be in terms of the following:a)How many sets of documentation should there be?b)Will the mods be initiated with upgraded documentation or will the document upgrades be accomplished after the mods are completed?c)To what degree do you anticipate that documents will be upgraded by using supplements rather than revising the documents.d)How do you propose to minimize the delay in restart caused by unplanned mods for which the need is discovered after shutdown and disassembly?2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only72G.Problem Report Form G.Problem Report Form and ECR Formand ECR Forml六种变更表格的用途lProblem Report 与 ECR 的关系lECRs 跟ECN 的关系l组成ECR 的23 种信息.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only73六种六种六种六种Change Forms Change Forms Change Forms Change Forms 的功用的功用的功用的功用ECR:Enterprise Change Requests2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only74六种Forms 的另一种表达方式:有时候ECR&ECN 可以合并,如果变更简单的话 Waiver 算是一种例外描述文件.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only75左边是Problem Report Form 的范例:Problem Report 不见得一定会产生ECR,要看最后的解决方式.PR 的重点在于描述问题的内容和环境,重现的方法,和真正原因的调查与验证.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only76PR 为ECR 的附件,ECR 除了用来解决PR 里面的问题,同时也为了产品的改善.ECR 里面包含了对解决方式的建议,成本的估算,和Business Decision(CRB)2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only77lECR 是变更请求,里面包含这个变更的Business Decision,ECN 是一份高阶的实施计划,记录所影响的文件.l有时候这两份也可以合并为一个.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only78ECN 的重点,Physical Item 和文件的Impact Matrix.藉此也才能更精确估算其变更成本.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only79相对于ECR,在ECN 中的Impact Matrix,应该要更精确一些,而且是经过重新修正的.2023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only802023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only812023/8/9hp Confidential-Used2024/6/16hp Confidential-Used for SPIL PLM BPM only821.EC
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