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小小学学英英语语总总复复习习一.名词与量词一一 不可数名词：不可数名词：液体：tea、coffee、juice、Coke、milk、water、soup 气体：air、gas 部分为液体类，气体类的物质部分为液体类，气体类的物质（没有复数形式）（没有复数形式）肉类：chicken（表“鸡肉”时为不可数，表“小鸡”时为可数）fish（表“鱼肉”时为不可数，表“鱼”时为可数）pork、beef、meat 总称：food、fruit 其它：rain、wind、snow、light、grass、money、paper、pizza、pasta、salad、bread、toast、porridge、rice、chocolate、ice-cream、broccoli 二二 名词复数形式：名词复数形式：1.+s 2.o（有生命）,以x,s，sh,ch 结尾+es 3.辅音加y结尾，改y为ies 4.以fe或f结尾，改fe 或f 为ves 5.单复数同形：fish、sheep、deer、people、Chinese、Japanese、family(作为“家人”)6.特殊：man men firemanfiremen policeman-policemen woman women goose geese tooth teeth ox-oxen child children mouse-mice 三名词的所有格 1 一般情况，在名词的末尾加 s（the boys bag ）2 以s结尾的复数名词末尾加 (the boys books )3.表示几个人共同拥有的东西，只在最后一个名字后加 s，如：Tom and Bens bedroom4.分别拥有的东西就在每个名字后各自加 s，如：Toms bedroom and Bens bedroom5.没有生命的东西的所有格,用“of+名词”来表示。如：the cover of the book 注：姓氏的复数形式前面加the 表示“一家人”如：the Whites姓或名字后加所有格有时可以表示地点。如：Lets eat at Jimmys （我们去Jimmy 餐厅吃饭吧）Im going to Miss Lins.(我准备去林老师家)四四 量词量词 1.a plate of (一盘)2.a piece of (一片/张)3.a pair of (一对/双)4.a cup of (一茶杯)5.a glass of (一玻璃杯)6.a bottle of (一瓶)7.a bowl of (一碗)8.a bag of (一袋)9.a box of (一箱)注：量词的后面+不可数名词（单数）/可数名词（复数），如：a bag of rice apples 当量词数量超过“一”时，量词也要跟着用复数形式。如：two glasses of，some bottles of二.形容词与副词（一）单音节及部分双音节单词的形容词及副词比较级与最高级变化规律：1.直接er/est 2.以e结尾 r/st 3.重读闭音节单词（通常以辅元辅结尾）双写末尾字母er/est （如：wetter,hotter,fatter）4.辅音加y结尾，改y为ier/est 5.特殊（不规则）（二）双音节（部分）与多音节单词形容词、副 词比较级与最高级变化规律：比较级：more 原形 最高级：most原形 （三）修饰比较级的词：much a littlea lot +比较级 （四）表示“越来越”bigger and bigger、happier and happier、more and more、less and lees、more and more slowly 、more and more beautiful、more and more boring （五）不规则的形容词词、副词比较级与最高级：wellbetterbest good betterbest manymore most bad worseworst farfartherfarthest littlelessleast（六）部分双音节形容词、副词的比较级与最高级：slowlymore slowlymost slowly crowdedmore crowdedmost crowded famous more famousmost famous quicklymore quickly most quickly patientmore patient most patient excitedmore excitedmost excited boringmore boring most boring（七）其他 1.形容词修饰名词，常放在名词前。（a beautiful girl）2.副词修饰动词,常放在动词后面。（run fast）3.两者之间用比较级，三者或三者以上通常用最高级。如：Who can run faster,Ben or Tom？Who can run fastest,Ben,Tom,or Yongxian?4.比较级的句子通常有标志词“than”。5.最高级的句子通常有标志词“the”（形容词最高级才有，副词没有）；表范围限制的介词“in、on、of”，如：She is the prettiest of the three.Elephants are the biggest animals on land.He runs most slowly in his class.(副词的最高级前面没有“the”)三.介词与连词（一）介词 1表时间：at：在几点 on：在某一天 in：在某个月、季节、学期、年 fromto：从到.for：做事情做了多长时间，持续多久 during：在期间 2.表方位：in(里面)，on(上面),beside(旁边),under(下面),behind(后面),in front of(前面),near(附近),between(两者之间),opposite(对面),against(靠着)3.表地点：at:在(后面加小的地点)（at school,at the library)in:在(后面加大的地点)（in China,in Guangzhou)4.介词短语1.leave for 离开到 2.start for 出发到 3.look for 寻找 4.agree with 同意 5.catch up with 赶上6.help sb.With 帮某人某事7.help yourself to 随便吃 8.get to 到达,索取9.in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上10.at noon/night 在中午/夜晚11.close to /next to 靠近12.on the left/right 在左边/右边13.from the left/right 从左边/右边14.ask for 15.wait for等待16.on the farm 在农场上二）连词 and：和（并列关系）or：或者（选择关系）when:当 then：然后before:在之前 after：在之后 because：因为 so：所以 if：假如 but：但是（转折关系）四代词、冠词与数词人称 代词我你他她它我们它/她/他们主格Iyouhesheitwethey宾格meyouhimheritusthem物主 代词我的你的他的她的它的我们的它/他/她们的形容词性myyourhisheritsourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsourstheirs（一）代词1.人称代词 主格：一般在句子中做主语，放在动词前面（疑问句则放在动词后面）如：She and I are good friends.Is she a clever girl？宾格：一般在句子中做宾语，放在动词或介词后面。如：Give me a book.I am waiting for him.2.物主代词形容词性物主代词：修饰名词，放在名词前面。如：mybook,theirteacher名词性物主代词：后面不能加名词，可单独使用，常放在句子末尾或动词前面。如：Yourbookisbetterthanmine.Mybookisinteresting.Hersisboring.(hers在这里意思为herbook)(二)冠词1.不定冠词a、an1)表示一类人或事物，不具体指哪一个。如：Sheisateacher.2)表示数量“一。如：Ihaveacatandtworabbits.3）用在固定搭配里。如：alotof,alittle,haveacold,takearest4)元音发音开头的单词用“an”，辅音发音开头的单词用“a”。（一般情况以a,e,i,o,u结尾的单词用“an”）如：anegg,anEnglishteacher,anapple2定冠词the1）特指某个具体的人或事物。如：Thebookonthetableismine.2）已经提过的人或事物。如：Ihaveacat.Thecatislovely.3）用在序数词、形容词最高级的前面。Iliveonthethirdfloor.Guangzhouisthebestcity.4）用在世界独一无二的事物前。thesun,themoon,theearth5）用在乐器前。playtheguitar,playthepiano三）数词1.基数词：表数量（one，two，three）2.序数词：表顺序（first,second,third.）一、二、三特殊记，first，second，third.八去t，九去e，ve要用f替。见y改为i和e，词尾加上th。若是遇见几十几，只变各位就可以。(first,second,third,eighth,ninth,fifth,twentiethforty-first)五动词（一）be动词be动词口诀：在一般现在时中：I用am,you用are,is连着he,she,it.单数名词用is,复数名词全用are.变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。在过去时中：I用was,you用were,was连着he,she,it.单数名词用was,复数名词全用were.（二）行为动词1.行为动词主要表示主语的动作和状态。如：stand,come,die,go,run,sit,put,borrow,buy2行为动词可分为及物动词（vt.）和不及物动词（vi.）。3及物动词指的是后面能跟宾语的动词。4不及物动词指的后面不能跟宾语的动词。（三）情态动词：can,could,may,must,need,will,would,should,+动原cant,couldnt,mustnt,neednt,wont,shouldnt+动原1.情态动词表示说话人的语气与情态。2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化。如：I/She/He/Theycanrun.3注意：用must来提问，肯定回答用must，否定的回答多用neednt.如：MustIborrowbookswithalibrarycard?Yes,youmust.MustIborrowbookswithanIDcard?No.youneednt.六一般过去时1一般过去时的定义：表示过去发生的事情和动作。2动词由原形变为过去式的规律（即动词过去式）：1）ed（如：watched）2）以e结尾d（如liked）3）重读闭音节单词（通常以辅元辅结尾）双写末尾字母ed（如：stopped）4）辅音加y结尾的单词改y为ied（如：studied）5）不规则（及特殊形式）：（见六年级下册P90）am-wasis-wasare-weredo-didfeel-feltget-gotgo-wenthave-hadsay-saidsee-sawread-readcome-cameeat-atefly-flewblow-blew3一般过去时常用的时间状语：just now (刚才)yesterday （昨天）yesterday morning/afternoon/evening （昨天早上/下午/晚上）last month./week/year （上个月/上个星期/去年）this morning/afternoon/evening (今天上午/下午/晚上)ago (之前)in 2000 （在2000年）before/before （以前/以前）4.一般过去时的句型：肯定句：(动词用过去式)Shewasathomeyesterdayevening.Wewerebusyjustnow.Hedidhishomeworklastnight.Theyplayedfootballyesterday.否定句：（行为动词的否定：didnt+动原；be动词的否定：wasnt，werent）Shewasntathomeyesterdayevening.Wewerentbusyjustnow.Hedidntdohishomeworklastnight.Theydidntplayfootballyesterday.疑问句：（行为动词的疑问句：did+动原；be动词的疑问：Was/Were）Wassheathomeyesterdayevening?Wereyoubusyjustnow?Didhedohishomeworklastnight?Didtheyplayfootballyesterday?Wheredidhegoyesterday?Howdidyougotoschoolthismorning?七 一般将来时(一)一般将来时的定义:表示将要做,打算做,准备做的事.(二)一般将来时的结构：1.begoingto+动词原形(is/are/amgoingto+动词原形)1)肯定句Iamgoingtogotoschooltomorrow.Heisgoingtoplayfootballthisafternoon.TheyaregoingtoseethewhitetigernextSunday.WearegoingtosurftheNetthisevening.Sallyisgoingtoswimthisafternoon.2）否定句isnt/arent/amnot/goingto+动词原形如：Sheisntgoingtoswimtomorrow.Theyarentgoingtoswimnextweekend.3)特殊疑问句Whatareyougoingtodo?Howareyougoingtogetthere?WhattimeisyourtraingoingtoleaveforHongKong?4)一般疑问句Isshegoingtogotoschooltomorrow?Yes，sheis./No,sheisnt.Areyougoingtoplayfootballtomorrow?Yes,Iam./No,IamnotAmIgoingtogettoschoolbybustomorrow?Yes,youare./No,youarent.2.will+动词原形1).肯定句：Iwillgotoschooltomorrow.Hewillplayfootballthisafternoon.Shewilldosomereading.TheywillseethewhitetigernextSunday.2）.否定句:wont+动词原形Iwontleaveyoualone.Hewontgotoswiminthesea.Shewontrunintheplayground.3)一般疑问句Willyougotoschooltomorrow?Yes,Iwill./No,Iwont.WillshesurftheNettomorrow?Yes,shewill/No,shewont.4)特殊疑问句Whenwillyougetthere?Whowillgowithyou?Whatwillyoudoonholiday?三).一般将来时常用时间状语：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,this(next)morning/Sunday/week八一般现在时1一般现在时的定义：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态特征。2一般现在时基本句型结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词3一般现在时常见标志词：never,sometimes,often,usually,always,seldom，every4.当主语是第三人称单数时,一般现在时的动词变化的规律:1)一般情况加s，如：visitvisitstelltellsworkworkswavewaves2)以s,x,sh,ch，o结尾的动词,加es，如：washwasheswatchwatchescatchcatchesteach-teachesfixfixesguess-guessesgo-goesdo-does 3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i加es，如：flyfliesstudystudies4)特殊情况havehas5）当主语是第三人称单数时,一般现在时的特殊疑问：Whattimedoeshegetup?Hegetsupatsix.Wheredoesshelive?ShelivesinRenminRoad.Howdoeshegotowork？Hegoestoworkbybus.Whohandsinthehomework?Jiamin.Whosefriendpracticesthepiano?Janesfriend.Whichschooldoeshestudyat？HestudiesatNo.2School.6)当主语是第三人称单数时,一般现在时的肯定句,否定句和一般疑问句的变化,例如：Ieatdinneratsix.Heeatsdinneratsixtoo.Idonteatdinneratsix.Hedoesnteatdinneratsixeither.Doyoueatdinneratsix?Doesheeatdinneratsix?九.现在进行时1定义：表示动作正在进行。2现在进行时常用标志词：now,listen,look,see3.动词ing形式（即现在分词）构成规律：1）一般情况加ing，如：red-reading,play-playing2）去e加ing，如：write-writing,have-having,take-taking,make-making3）重读闭音节单词（辅音元音辅音结尾），双写末尾字母加ing如：sitting,putting,getting,beginning,running,swimming,shopping,skipping,stopping4）以ie结尾，将ie改为y再加ing，如：die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying4.现在进行时的结构：bedoing（即：is/are/am动词ing）5.基本句型：1）肯定句：Iamsingingnow.Sheissingingnow.Theyaresingingnow.2）否定句：Iamnotsingingnow.Sheisntsingingnow.Theyarentsingingnow.3)一般疑问句Areyousinging?Isshesinging?Aretheysinging?4）特殊疑问句Whatareyoudoing?Whataretheydoing?Whatisshedoing？Howareyougoingthere?Whatbookareyoureading?6部分缩写形式：isnot=isntarenot=arentIam=Imyouare=youreheis=hessheis=shesitis=its7am和is在句子末尾时不能缩写，即不能出现“Yes,Im.Yes,its.”之类的回答。十.There be句型与祈使句（一）Therebe句型1.定义：Therebe句型表示“某地有某人或某物”2.肯定句：现在有：Thereis/are+事物/人物地点/时间过去有：Therewas/were+事物/人物地点/时间将来有：Thereis/aregoingtobe+事物/人物地点/时间或Therewillbe+事物/人物地点/时间如：Thereisabookonthedesk.(书桌上有一本书。)Therearesevendaysinaweek.(一个星期有七天。)Therewasacakeonthetablejustnow,（刚才桌子上有一个蛋糕。）Thereisgoingtobeamatchtomorrow.(明天将会有一场比赛。)Therewillbeafootballmatchtomorrow.(明天将会有一场足球比赛。)3.否定句现在没有：Thereisnt/arent+事物/人物地点/时间过去没有：Therewasnt/werent+事物/人物地点/时间将来没有：Thereisnt/arentgoingtobe+事物/人物地点/时间或Therewontbe+事物/人物地点/时间如：Thereisntabookonthedesk.(书桌上没有书。)Therewasntacakeonthetablejustnow.（刚才桌子上没有蛋糕。）Thereisntgoingtobeamatchtomorrow.(明天将不会有比赛。)Therewontbeafootballmatchtomorrow.(明天不会有足球比赛。)4Therebe句型中的be动词的形式由最靠近be动词的第一个名词决定，也就是“就近原则”。如：Thereisabookandtwopensonthetable.（因为最靠近be动词的名词是单数“book”，“所以be动词要用单数形式的“is”）Thereissomewaterintheglass.Therearesomebooksonthetable.Thereisabookandsomepensonthetable.Thereisateacherintheclassroom.Therearesometeachersintheschool.（二）祈使句1.定义：祈使句用来表达请求、命令、劝告、建议或鼓励。2.句型：肯定句：用动词原形，如：Standup.Givemeabook.否定句：Dont+动词原形，如：Dontpickflowersinthepark.1.英语日期的写法与读法写法读法September1stSeptemberthefirst1stSeptemberthefirstofSeptember注：在英语中，年份总是放在日期的最后面。如“2009年6月1日”可以译为“June1，2009”或“1June，2009”话 题2.时间倒读法15分钟：(a)quarter；30分钟：half；30分钟及30分钟以内用：past(过)；30分钟以后用：to(差分钟到点)；读的顺序：先分钟，后小时例如：halfpastseven(七点半)aquartertoten(九点四十五)tenpasttwo(两点过十分)3.国旗、国家、国籍、语言与首都Whatnationalflagisit?Itsthenationalflagof国家.Itsthe国籍+nationalflag.Whatsthecapitalof国家?ItsThecapitalofisCountry（国家）Capital（首都）Nationality（国籍）Language(语言)RussiaMoscowRussianRussianChinaBeijingChineseChineseCanadaOttawaCanadianFrench./EnglishItalyRomeItalianItalianFranceParisFrenchFrenchBritainLondonBritishEnglishAmericaWashington D.C.AmericanEnglishJapanTokyoJapaneseJapaneseAustraliaCanberraAustralianEnglishNew ZealandWellingtonNew ZealanderEnglish4.固定搭配1）feel+形容词2）haveacold/fever/toothache/headache/stomachache/pain（感冒/发烧/牙疼/头疼/胃疼/疼）3）太多toomany+可数名词（如：toomanysweets）toomuch+不可数名词(如：toomuchwater)4）很多plentyoflotsof+可数名词/不可数名词alotof5）Youdbetter动词原形（最好做某事）(如：Youdbetterstayhere.)6）eatalot/walkalot(吃很多/走很多)7)like/love/enjoy/hate/practice/begoodat+doing8)dosomereading/shopping/cleaning9)goshopping/swimming/fishing/boating/sightseeing/climbing5.谈论天气1）WeatherReport（预报明天）Welcometotheweatherreport.TodayisMay26th.ItsMonday.Itwillbecloudyandhottomorrow.Thetemperaturewillbebetween29and33/from29to33.Dontforgettotakeyourumbrella.Itsgoingtorainintheafternoon.Haveagoodday!Bye-bye.Whatstheweatherlike？（天气如何？）Whatstheweatherlikein+地点？Whatstheweatherlikein+地点时间？Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?Itssunny/windy/rainy/cloudy/snowy/foggy.Itshot/cold/warm/cool.Itswet/dry.Itssunny,hotanddry.Itwillbesunny.Itsgoingtoberainy.2）问天气 3)温度：hot-warm-cool-cold30-25-20-154)温度的读法：-5minusfivedegreescentigradeIts.5)问温度Whatsthetemperature?（气温多少度？）Whatsthetemperaturetoday/now?Whatsthetemperaturein+地点？Whatsthetemperaturein+地点时间？6.频度副词（按频率少到多排列）：never/seldom/sometimes/often/usually/always从不很少有时经常通常总是7.种植（Planting）1).Howtoplantatree?(种树的步骤)First,digahole.Andthen,putthetreeintothehole.Afterthat,filltheholewithearth.Atlast,waterthetree.2).Howtogrowflowers?(种树的步骤)a.Putsomeseedsintothepot.b.Putsomeearthontheseeds.c.Watertheseeds.3）.植物生长的过程：a.Shootscomeout./Shootsappear.b.Therearemoreandmoreleaves.c.Flowersappear.d.Itstimetopickupthefruits.8.问路与指路Excuseme,could/canyoutellyouthewaytotheTianhePark,please?Turnrightoutofthehotel.Gostraight.Takethefirstleft.Theparkisontheright问路：Excuseme,could/canyoutellyouthewaytothe?Excuseme,could/canyoutellmehowtogettothe?指路：Turnrighthere.(在这里右转。)Turnrightoutofthehotel.（出了酒店右转。）Gostraight./Gostraightahead.（直走/向前直走。）Turnright/left.(转右/转左。)Takethefirstleft/right.（第一个路口左转/右转。）Itsontheleft./Itsonyourleft.（它就在左边/它就在你的左边。）注：Takethesecondright.=Secondright.9.买东西（Shopping）-Goodmorning！CanIhelpyou?/WhatcanIdoforyou?-Idliketobuyapen.-Whataboutthisone?-ItsOK.Illtakeit.-Hereyouare.Anythingelse?-No,thatsall.Howmuchisit?-Twoyuan,please.-Heresthemoney.-Thankyou.yebye.多少钱？：Howmuchisthe+单数名词?Howmucharethe+复数名词？Howmuchdoesthe+单数名词+cost？Howmuchdothe+复数名词+cost？你需要多少？：Howmanydoyouwant?10.关于职业问职业：Whatdoeshe/shedo?He/SheisaWhatshis/herjob?He/Sheisa11.also,too,eitheralso:用在肯定句里，表示“也”，放在句中。too：用在肯定句里，表示“也”，放在句末。either:用在否定句里，表示“也”，放在句末。12.Itstimetodosth.=Itstimeforsth.(到时间做某事)例如：Itstimetogotoschool.=Itstimeforschool.Itstimeforsb.todosth.(到时间某人做某事)例如：Itstimeforyoutogohomenow.(你们到时间回家了。)13.看医生1)医生用语：a.Whatsthematter?/Whatswrong?Whatsthematterwithyou?/Whatswrongwithyou?b.Letmegiveyouacheckup.c.Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.d.Youshoulddrinkplentyofwater.e.Youshouldntgotobedlate.f.Youdbetterstayinbed.g.Donteattoomuchchocolate.2)病人用语：a.Ifeelill/bad.b.Ihaveacold/headache/stomachache/toothache/fever.c.Idontfeelwell.SometimesIfeelhot,andsometimesIfeelcold.3）Should?Yes.should./No.shouldnt.如：Shouldhegetupearly?Yes,heshould./No,heshouldnt.14.希望与祝愿IhopeIcan(可能实现的愿望)IwishIcould（不能实现或难以实现的愿望）IhopecanIwishcouldShehopescanShewishescould例如：IhopeIcanbeawriter.IhopeIcanbetaller.Ihopecanswim.IwishIcouldbeabird.IwishIcouldbeyoungerandyounger.IwishIcouldfly.IhopeGuangzhoucanbecleanerandcleaner.Shewishesshecouldflyhighlikeabird.
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