工程项目管理-英文课件-PMConcept

Basic ConceptsJiwei MaProject ManagementBasic ConceptsoConcept of projectoProject as a systemoWork Breakdown Structure(WBS)oProject ManagementWhat Is A Project?oOrganize 2008 Olympic gameoDevelop a software productoWrite software programoHire an accountantoInterview applicants for the accountant positionoPurchase a houseoPurchase gasoline for your caroOrganize a conferenceoSet up a weekly meetingConcept of ProjectoMain features of a projectnOne-time,non-repetitivenOne of the kindnConstrained by resources and environmental conditionsnCertain lifecycleConcept of ProjectProject is a one-time effort with clear objectives for the accomplishment of certain specific product or serviceoOne-timenDefinite and clear starting/ending pointoEffortnNumber of personnel and various resources involvedoObjectivenRequirement of certain quality standard with limited time and moneyoSpecificnDifferent from all previous product or serviceConcept of ProjectoProject objectivesnQualityoThe desired function or required standardnCostoThe monetary resource needed to accomplish the projectnTimeoThe specified length of the project courseProject TriangleScopeScopeCostQualityTimeRelations among Project ObjectivesRelations among Project ObjectivesReduce time-Improve cost-effectivenessReduce time-Increase costHigher quality Less timeLess time More quality defectsImproved quality Reduce maintenance costIncrease investment Improve QualityCostTimeQualityObjective TriangleConcept of ProjectoProject components the essential elements of a project which serve the main purpose or carry out the major designed functions of the projectnSubprojectsnFunctional subsystemsnSingle objectsoA hierarchical structure-Project structure-can be used as a tool to illustrate project componentsProject Components Project StructureProjectSubproject 1Subproject 2Subproject 3Subproject Subsystem 22Subsystem 21Subsystem Object 221Object 222Object 223Object Concept of ProjectoProject Process the major periods needed to go through to accomplish the projectnDecision makingnDesign/PlanningnExecutionnOperationnCloseoutoA network diagram or bar chart will be used to illustrate activities as well as their inter-relationship and inter-dependencyConstruction Project PhasingImplementationDecision MakingDesign PreparationDesignConstructionOperationCloseoutDecision MakingProject ProposalFeasibility StudyDesign SpecificationPreliminary DesignDesign DevelopmentConstruction DocumentConstructionAcceptanceTIMEStart upNetwork DiagramConcept of ProjectoFunctional works the major functions needed to be performed to jointly or consecutively accomplish the project,nFund raisingnAdministration/managementnPlanningnProcurementnControllingnCoordination/collaborationnCommunication and information managementnInspection and acceptancenOperationnProject closeoutConcept of ProjectoProject Participants the personnel or the parties who perform various functional works,nInvestornDevelopernPlannernPurchasing personnelnControllernInspectornOperation personnelnoA chart called project organization structure is often used to illustrate project participants and their inter-relationship within a project systemProject OwnerInvestorsGovernment BodyFacility ServicesNeighborsConsultantsDesignersContractorsSuppliers/VendorsConstruction Project ParticipantsPresidentRepresent.AssistantProject ControllingControllingConsultingSecretary OfficeAdmin.Info.Design Manage.Construct.Manag.Architectural&building equipmentProductionBedding&contract administrationSite managementCost ControlDesignerContractorOwnerImplementAG1G11G12BB1B2CDFD1D2F1F2CommitteeMaterial PurchasingProduction equipment procure,contract administrationProduction equip.vendorConstruction mat.supplierEE1Construction mat.Equipment procurement,contract administrationE2AdministrationSubmit for approvalScheduling and controlAccountingSupervisionC1C2C3C4A1A2Project As a SystemoSystem definitionnAny group of entities which are functionally interdependent can be called a systemnAny group of entities which are interrelated so as to perform some function,or reach some goal,can be seen to be acting as a systemoFocus of system theorynSub-systemoInterrelated in the pursuit of goals or objectivesnPrimary task of the systemoThe things the organization must to do to surviveProject As a SystemoImportant ConceptsnLarge system comprise smaller sub-systems which share the goals or primary task of larger systemnSub-systems are independently work together towards the common goalnSub-systems form a hierarchy of systemsnSystem interacts with its environment,and affected by environmental constraints or influencesnThe environment is not part of the system it does not share the goals of the systemProject As a SystemoImportant ConceptsnThe system receives inputs from and exports outputs to the environment through sort of internal conversion processnA permeable boundary exists between the system and its environmentn“Boundary Management”is a key system conceptnPart of the outputs is fed back to become an input and thus to establish a cycle of events which enable the system to monitor it own behaviorConstruction System ModelConstruction Production ManagementManagement SystemInformation SystemStrategic SystemOrganizational SystemSocial SystemEnvironmental SystemManpower ManagementMaterials ManagementPlant ManagementFinancial ManagementProject As A SystemObjectivesAltogether form the essential part of a project systemAny two or three of them will jointly describe certain aspect of a projectComponentsProcessFunctionsParticipantsProject As A SystemoObjectives+ComponentsnDescribe the project objective system,which includes the cost,time and quality objective of every single object in the projectnProject objective can be break down based on the structure of project componentProject As A SystemoObjectives+ProcessnDescribe the project objective milestones,which includes the cost,time and quality objective of every major phasenProject objective can be strictly controlled according to those periodical objectivesProject As A SystemoObjectives+ParticipantsnDescribe the objectives of all participants from their own standing pointnObjectives are planned,monitored and controlled according to participants own interestProject As A SystemoComponents+ParticipantsnDescribe the assigned tasks of all participantsnProject tasks can be divided,viewed,and evaluated accordinglyoComponents+ProcessnProject As A SystemoComponents+Functional worksnDescribe all the tasks and activities need to be carried out to accomplish the projectnCan be used as tool for work breakdownWork Breakdown StructureoA complex project is made easy to deal with by first breaking it down into individual activities in a hierarchical structure,known as WBSoIt defines tasks that can be completed independently of other tasks,facilitatingnResource allocationnAssignment of responsibilitiesnMeasurement and control of the projectWork Breakdown StructureoHigher levels in the hierarchical structure are generally performed by groupsoThe lowest level in the structure often comprises activities performed by individualsoIt is the key tonScope managementnTeam assignmentnAccurate trackingnEffective controlWork Breakdown StructureoWork breakdown structure can be done like this:nThe project manager lists everything should be done in the projectnThen the stakeholders put up their“to do”list with requirementsoThen the project will have unneeded tasks,and scope will continually expandoThen the project will run over time,over budget,and even with dissatisfied qualityxWork Breakdown StructureoWork breakdown structure can be done like this:nFirst break down into componentsnThen break down into processnThen oThe lowest level should not be too detailed,nResult in micro-managementoThe tasks should not be too largenResult in inefficient ManagementClear ObjectivesLimited resourcesHigh complexity+Panic!Project Management!What is Management?ProblemPlanningDecisionExecutionCheck-Various alternative solutions-Evaluation of those alternatives-Selection of one solution-Implementation of the solution-Accomplished?-Any problem remained?New ProblemProject ManagementoProject management is a carefully planned and organized effort by all participants through the whole course of a project to accomplish the project on time,within cost and to required quality standard through project planning and project controlling.PM=PP+PC PlanActualControlControlMission of Project ManagementTo control the changing process in a dynamic environmentTo pursue harmony in chaotic realityProject ManagementoKey issues of project managementnCost controlnTime controlnQuality controlnCoordinationnInformation managementnContract administrationnSafety managementProject Management TasksDecision MakingPlanningExecutionOperationCloseoutCost ControlTime ControlQuality ControlCoordinationInformation ManagementContract AdministrationSafety ManagementProject Management ToolsoProject structureoProject organization chartoContract structureoWork breakdown structureoContract work breakdown structureoCost breakdown chartoInformation system chartoInformation flow diagramoTask arrangement tableoManagement responsibility tableoWorkflow diagramoProject Management KnowledgeoKnowledge structure defined by PMI(Project Management Institute):nIntegrated ManagementnScope ManagementnTime ManagementnCost ManagementnQuality ManagementnHuman Resource ManagementnCommunication ManagementnRisk ManagementnProcurement ManagementProject Management KnowledgeoKnowledge structure defined by CII(Construction Industry Institute):nFront-End PlanningnDesignnProcurementnConstructionnStartup and OperationnPeoplenOrganizationProject Management KnowledgeoKnowledge structure defined by CII(Construction Industry Institute):nProject ProcessesnProject ControlsnContractsnSafety,Health and EnvironmentnInformation Management and Technology SystemnGlobalization IssuesnSecurityProject Management IsnotArtnotKnowledgePractice!Thank YouJiwei Ma