英文时态：完成时态课件

英文时态（三）：完成时态 1A英文英文时态时态（三）：完成（三）：完成时态时态 1A完成完成动作：作：1 1、现在完成（在完成（havehas donehavehas done）2 2、过去完成（去完成（had donehad done）3 3、将来完成（、将来完成（will have donewill have done）完成完成时态概述：概述：形式：形式：have donehave done意意义：完成：完成时态表示的是在某一特定表示的是在某一特定时刻刻（现在、在、过去或将来）之前开始去或将来）之前开始发生的并持生的并持续到到这一特定一特定时刻或刻或对这一特定一特定时刻有影响刻有影响的一个活的一个活动。2A完成完成动动作：作：1、现现在完成（在完成（havehas done）2、现在完成在完成时：在在现在之前（即在之前（即过去）开始去）开始发生并持生并持续到到现在或在或对现在有影响的在有影响的动作。作。I I have learned 2000 words so far.2000 words so far.过去完成去完成时：在在过去之前（即去之前（即过去的去的过去）开始去）开始发生的并持生的并持续到到过去或去或对过去有影响的去有影响的动作。作。I I had learned 1000 words by the end of last 1000 words by the end of last year.year.将来完成将来完成时：在将来之前（可能是在将来之前（可能是过去、去、现在或将来）开始在或将来）开始发生生的并持的并持续的将来或的将来或对将来有影响的将来有影响的动作。作。I I will have learned 3000 words by the end of 3000 words by the end of next year.next year.3A现现在完成在完成时时：在在现现在之前（即在之前（即过过去）开始去）开始发发生并持生并持续续到到现现在或在或对对一、现在完成在完成时态（havehas havehas donedone）用法：用法：1 1）动作作发生在生在过去，一直延去，一直延续到到现在，在，对 目前有影响。目前有影响。（延（延续性性动词的的“已完成已完成”或或“未完未完成成”用法）用法）2)2)动作作发生在生在过去去,点已点已经完成，并与完成，并与现在的情况在的情况有有联系。系。（瞬（瞬间性性动词的的“已完成已完成”用法）用法）说明：明：“已完成已完成”用法表示用法表示动作已作已结束，而束，而“未完未完成成”用法用法则表示表示动作有可能作有可能继续延延续下去。下去。4A一、一、现现在完成在完成时态时态（havehas done）用法：用法：1）动动1 1）我曾）我曾经在某个地方在某个地方见过她。她。2 2）到目前）到目前为止止,该桥尙未竣工。未竣工。3 3）她）她刚刚买了一部新自行了一部新自行车。4 4）我）我们已已经在在这里生活了十年。里生活了十年。5 5）我学）我学习英英语的的时间长达达2525年了。年了。6 6）自）自19971997年以来，我就没年以来，我就没见过她了。她了。I have ever seen her somewhere.2 So far,the bridge hasnt been completed.2 She has just bought a new bike.2We have already lived here for ten years.1 Ive studied English for twenty-five years.1 I havent seen her since the year of 1997.25A1）我曾）我曾经经在某个地方在某个地方见过见过她。她。I have ever seen1 1、现在完成在完成时态用法（一）：延用法（一）：延续到到现在的在的动作或状作或状态 开始于开始于过去的去的动作一直持作一直持续到到现在在。谓语动词一般一般为延延续性性动词。An old woman walked out into the middle of the An old woman walked out into the middle of the street.The policeman yelled to her,“Dont you street.The policeman yelled to her,“Dont you know what it means when I hold up my hand?”The know what it means when I hold up my hand?”The lady said,“Sure I do.I lady said,“Sure I do.I have beenhave been a school a school teacher for 28 years now.”teacher for 28 years now.”I I have livedhave lived here for 3 years.here for 3 years.The teacher The teacher has taughthas taught in this school since I came in this school since I came here.here.Ive workedIve worked in this company since I left school.in this company since I left school.Since time began,man Since time began,man has livedhas lived in fear of fire.in fear of fire.6A1、现现在完成在完成时态时态用法（一）：延用法（一）：延续续到到现现在的在的动动作或状作或状态态6A或者，由上下文明确告知，开始于或者，由上下文明确告知，开始于过去的去的动作只持作只持续到到说话时刻刻为止即已止即已结束。例如：束。例如：A A：HaveHave you you waitedwaited long?long?B B：Ive waitedIve waited for three hours.for three hours.Ive waitedIve waited for him all day;I dont want for him all day;I dont want to wait any longer.to wait any longer.这种种现在完成在完成时的特点：的特点：1 1）谓语动词一般一般为延延续性性动词。2 2）动作作发生的生的时间是是过去，但去，但这一一动作持作持续到到现在。在。3 3）与）与这种用法的种用法的现在完成在完成时态连用的用的时间状状语通常是通常是表示表示“一段一段时间”的的时间状状语，以，以说明某个明某个动作或状作或状态持持续了多久。了多久。7A或者，由上下文明确告知，开始于或者，由上下文明确告知，开始于过过去的去的动动作只持作只持续续到到说话时说话时刻刻为为止止与此种用法的与此种用法的现在完成在完成时态搭配的搭配的时间状状语：sincesince时间点点Ive worked in this company since 1980.Ive worked in this company since 1980.Ive worked in this company since I left Ive worked in this company since I left school.school.注意不能注意不能说：since three yearssince three years，而要，而要说since three since three years agoyears ago。forfor时间段段Ive worked in this company for three years.Ive worked in this company for three years.Great changes have taken place in Beijing for Great changes have taken place in Beijing for the past few years.the past few years.8A与此种用法的与此种用法的现现在完成在完成时态时态搭配的搭配的时间时间状状语语：sincesincesince的四种用法的四种用法 1)since+1)since+过去一个去一个时间点点(如具体的年、月、日期、如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、点、1980,last month,half past six)1980,last month,half past six)。I have been here since 1989.I have been here since 1989.2)since+2)since+一段一段时间+ago+agoI have been here since five months ago.I have been here since five months ago.3)since+3)since+从句从句Great changes have taken place since you left.Great changes have taken place since you left.Considerable time has elapsed since we have been Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.here.4)It is+4)It is+一段一段时间+since+since从句从句It is two years since I became a post graduate It is two years since I became a post graduate student.student.9Asince的四种用法的四种用法 9A“到目前到目前为止止”：until now,up until now,up to until now,up until now,up to now,up till now,so farnow,up till now,so far等等。例如：。例如：We have up until now failed to take any action to We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further decide on a common language that would further communication between munication between nations.“在最近几世在最近几世纪年月以来年月以来”：in the past few in the past few years,over the past few years,during the last three years,over the past few years,during the last three months,for the last few centuries,through months,for the last few centuries,through centuries,throughout historycenturies,throughout history等。等。例如：例如：Throughout history man has had to accept the fact Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die,for the very nature that all living things must die,for the very nature of life includes death.of life includes death.Through centuries the bizarre antics of Through centuries the bizarre antics of sleepwalkers have puzzled police,perplexed sleepwalkers have puzzled police,perplexed scientists and fascinated writers.scientists and fascinated writers.10A“到目前到目前为为止止”：until now,up until2 2、现在完成在完成时态用法（二）：用法（二）：过去去发生但与生但与现在仍有在仍有联系系的的动作或状作或状态 表示在不确定的表示在不确定的过去去发生的某一生的某一动作与作与现在的情况在的情况有有联系。系。谓语动词一般一般为短短暂性性动词。He He has broken his leg.He his leg.He broke his his leg.leg.A modern girl went to the theatre with a vest and A modern girl went to the theatre with a vest and a pair of slippers.The ticket-examiner turned her a pair of slippers.The ticket-examiner turned her away very politely:“Miss,NO ADMISSION WITH away very politely:“Miss,NO ADMISSION WITH SLIPPERS.”“Really?”the girl took off the SLIPPERS.”“Really?”the girl took off the slippers and carried them in her hands,“Then I slippers and carried them in her hands,“Then I will go in barefootedly.”“Oh,my god!”the will go in barefootedly.”“Oh,my god!”the ticket-examiner cried out,“Fortunately,I ticket-examiner cried out,“Fortunately,I have not told her NO ADMISSION WITH A VEST.”her NO ADMISSION WITH A VEST.”AA：What What has happened to Jane?She is crying.to Jane?She is crying.B B：She broke the dining-room window.She has to She broke the dining-room window.She has to face the music when her father gets home.face the music when her father gets home.11A2、现现在完成在完成时态时态用法（二）：用法（二）：过过去去发发生但与生但与现现在仍有在仍有联联系的系的动动作或作或Mr.Odds works in a bank and lives on his own.The only family he Mr.Odds works in a bank and lives on his own.The only family he has is in the next town:his sister lives there with her husband,has is in the next town:his sister lives there with her husband,and her son,Mark.Last week Mr.Odds had a surprise.He drove home and her son,Mark.Last week Mr.Odds had a surprise.He drove home from the bank at the usual time,driving neither too slowly nor too from the bank at the usual time,driving neither too slowly nor too fast;he parked his car where he always parked it,out of the way fast;he parked his car where he always parked it,out of the way of other cars,and he went inside to make his evening meal.of other cars,and he went inside to make his evening meal.Straight away,there was a knock at the door.Mr.Odds opened the Straight away,there was a knock at the door.Mr.Odds opened the door,to find a policeman standing on the doorstep.door,to find a policeman standing on the doorstep.“What “What have I I done wrong?”Mr.Odds asked himself.“wrong?”Mr.Odds asked himself.“Have I I driven on the wrong side of the road?on the wrong side of the road?Has there there been some trouble some trouble at the bank?at the bank?Have I I forgotten to pay an important bill?”to pay an important bill?”“Hello,Uncle,”said the policeman,“My names Mark.”“Hello,Uncle,”said the policeman,“My names Mark.”You should have put the milk into icebox;I expect it You should have put the milk into icebox;I expect it undrinkable by now.undrinkable by now.A Abecame Bbecame Bhad become Chad become Chas become Dhas become Dbecomesbecomes 12AMr.Odds works in a bank and 第二种第二种现在完成在完成时态使用技巧使用技巧1)1)、这种完成种完成时态的肯定句不与的肯定句不与“一段一段时间”的的时间状状语连用用常常见的的这类动词有：有：come,go,leave,kill,die,come,go,leave,kill,die,lose,buy,start,give,marry,join,bring,lose,buy,start,give,marry,join,bring,hear,etc.hear,etc.），因此与它），因此与它连用的用的时间状状语不能是指不能是指“一段一段时间”。I have heard from my girlfriend since I came I have heard from my girlfriend since I came to America.to America.（）I have bought this pair of shoes for a yearI have bought this pair of shoes for a year（）He has left his hometown for 3 years.He has left his hometown for 3 years.（）13A第二种第二种现现在完成在完成时态时态使用技巧使用技巧1)、这这种完成种完成时态时态的肯定句不与的肯定句不与这种种错误句子的改正有多种方式：句子的改正有多种方式：He left his hometown 3 years ago.He left his hometown 3 years ago.Its 3 years since he left his hometown.Its 3 years since he left his hometown.He hasnt come back since he left his hometown 3 years He hasnt come back since he left his hometown 3 years ago.ago.He He has been away from his hometown for 3 years his hometown for 3 years.不不过，瞬，瞬间动词的完成的完成时态若用否定式，表示尚未若用否定式，表示尚未发生的事情，生的事情，则可作可作为一种状一种状态，从而可以表示延，从而可以表示延续。BeggarBeggar：Madam,I Madam,I havent seen a piece of meat a piece of meat for weeks.Lady Lady：Mary,please show this poor man the ham we Mary,please show this poor man the ham we bought just now.bought just now.I I havent seen a film a film for weeks.I I havent heard from my girlfriend from my girlfriend since I came to America.I I havent bought a pair of shoes a pair of shoes for a year.14A这这种种错误错误句子的改正有多种方式：句子的改正有多种方式：He left his h2).2).与不确定与不确定时间的的时间状状语连用用 这种种现在完成在完成时态可以不与任何可以不与任何时间状状语连用，也用，也可以同一些表示不确定的可以同一些表示不确定的时间状状语连用，如：用，如：alreadyalready(已已经),yet(),yet(只用在疑只用在疑问句或否定句中句或否定句中),lately(),lately(最近最近),often,just(),often,just(刚刚，方才，方才),never(),never(从不，从未从不，从未发生生过)等。例如：等。例如：A A：Would you like something to eat?Would you like something to eat?B B：No,thanks.No,thanks.Ive just had dinner.dinner.The leading expert on sleep in America claims The leading expert on sleep in America claims that he that he has never seen a sleepwalker.a sleepwalker.Has it stopped raining yet?raining yet?He He hasnt arrived yet.He He has already arrived.I I have often thought that it would be perfect that it would be perfect if we could fly without any aid.if we could fly without any aid.15A2).与不确定与不确定时间时间的的时间时间状状语连语连用用 这这种种现现在完成在完成时态时态3).3).具有具有“新新闻”性性质The President The President has been assassinated.He cant go on holiday because he He cant go on holiday because he has broken his leg.his leg.请认真体会下面真体会下面对话：A A：Have you you seen the film“Forrest Gump”?the film“Forrest Gump”?B B：Yes,I Yes,I have.A A：When When did you see it?you see it?B B：I I saw it last spring.it last spring.A A：Did you see it alone?you see it alone?B B：No,I No,I saw it with my boyfriend.it with my boyfriend.16A3).具有具有“新新闻闻”性性质质The President haAA：The President The President has been assassinated.B B：Really?When Really?When did that happen?that happen?A A：He He was killed last night when he last night when he spoke in crowd.spoke in crowd.AA：I hear that famous Chinese comedian I hear that famous Chinese comedian has died.B B：Really?When Really?When did she die?she die?A A：She She was dead late last night.late last night.AA：Has the boss the boss come yet?yet?B B：Yes,he Yes,he has.He.He is in his office in his office now.now.A A：When When did he come?he come?B B：He He came at 9 oclock.He at 9 oclock.He asked about you.about you.17AA：The President has been assa3 3、其他使用、其他使用现在完成在完成时的的结构构ThisThisThatThatIt is+It is+序数序数词+名名词+that+that+现在完成在完成时It is the It is the third time that I time that Ive come to Beijing.to Beijing.It is the It is the fifth time that someone time that someone has knocked at my at my door.door.This is the This is the tenth cup of coffee that I cup of coffee that Ive drunk this this evening.evening.How are you going to be able to fall asleep later if How are you going to be able to fall asleep later if you keep on like this?you keep on like this?ThisThisThatThatIt is+It is+最高最高级或或onlyonly修修饰名名词+现在完成在完成时This is the This is the most interesting movie that I movie that Ive ever seen.This is the This is the best wine I have ever drunk.wine I have ever drunk.It is the It is the worst book I have ever read.book I have ever read.This is the This is the hardest job I have ever had.job I have ever had.This is the This is the only book he has written.book he has written.18A3、其他使用、其他使用现现在完成在完成时时的的结结构构ThisThatIt i4 4、现在完成在完成时与一般与一般过去去时比比较 现在完成在完成时的第二种用法。此的第二种用法。此时完成完成时表示的也是表示的也是过去的去的动作或情况，只是当我作或情况，只是当我们强调过去的事情去的事情对现在仍有意在仍有意义或或仍有重要影响仍有重要影响时才用才用现在完成在完成时。He cant go on holiday because he He cant go on holiday because he has brokenhas broken his his leg.Heleg.He broke broke his leg.his leg.One of your friends is driving a sports car but he One of your friends is driving a sports car but he seems to be very nervous and not sure what to do.seems to be very nervous and not sure what to do.You may ask:You may ask:Have Have you you drivendriven a sports car a sports car before?before?He may reply:No,this is the first time that He may reply:No,this is the first time that I Ive drivenve driven a sports car.a sports car.DidDid you drive to the party?you drive to the party?19A4、现现在完成在完成时时与一般与一般过过去去时时比比较较 现现在完成在完成时时的第二种用法。的第二种用法。I saw this film yesterday.I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的看的动作作发生生过了。）了。）I have seen this film.I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，在的影响，电影的内容已影的内容已经知道了。）知道了。）Why did you get up so early?Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的起床的动作已作已发生生过了。）了。）Who hasnt handed in his paper?Who hasnt handed in his paper?（强调有卷子，可能有卷子，可能为不公平不公平竞争。）争。）He has been a League member for three years.He has been a League member for three years.(是是团员的状的状态可持可持续)He joined the League three years ago.He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入三年前入团，joinedjoined为短短暂行行为。)20AI saw this film yesterday.20A比比较：I I havent seen him this morning.him this morning.I I didnt see him this morning.him this morning.I I have called him three times this morning.him three times this morning.I I called him three times this morning.him three times this morning.在用于延在用于延续性性动词时两种两种时态的区的区别，请比比较：He lives in Beijing.He He lives in Beijing.He has lived here for here for 3 years.3 years.He He lived in Beijing for 3 years and then in Beijing for 3 years and then emigrated to America.emigrated to America.He He has been in the army for 6 years.in the army for 6 years.He He was in the army for 6 years.in the army for 6 years.I I have smoked for 2 years.for 2 years.I I smoked for 2 years.for 2 years.21A比比较较：I havent seen him this m一、现在完成进行用法：动作发生在过去，一直延续到现在，并可能继续延续下去。谓语：have/has+been+现在分词22A一、一、现现在完成在完成进进行用法：行用法：动动作作发发生在生在过过去，一直延去，一直延续续到到现现在，在，1）他们整个上午在看电视。2）我一直在考虑换工作。3）我已经等了她6个小时。4）天整整下了一个月的雨。5）我一直坐在花园里，刚刚才进来。They have been watching TV all morning.I have been thinking about changing my job.I have been waiting for her for six hours.It has been raining for a whole month so far.Ive been sitting in the garden,and have just come indoors.23A1）他）他们们整个上午在看整个上午在看电视电视。They have been wa现在完成时和现在完成进行时比较1.现在完成时表示动作已经完成，而完成进行时却不一定如此。Ive made a cake.(已经做好)Ive been making a cake.(不一定做好了)Hes written a novel.(已经完成)Hes been writing a novel.(可能未完成)24A现现在完成在完成时时和和现现在完成在完成进进行行时时比比较较1.现现在完成在完成时时表示表示动动作已作已经经完完2.现在完成时与for three years、since three years ago等这样的表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，能和现在进行时互换，意义差别不大。没有这样的时间状语，用现在完成时指的是一个完成了的动作。I I have workedhave been working in this company in this company for 3 yearsfor 3 years。I I have worked in this company.in this company.I I have been working in this company.in this company.He He has been sleepinghas slept for three hours.for three hours.He He has slept.He He has been sleeping.25A2.现现在完成在完成时时与与for three years、since3、完成进行时强调动作过程，完成时强调动作的结果。My hands are very dirty.IMy hands are very dirty.Ive been painting the house.the house.I I have painted the house green.The house the house green.The house was white,but now its green.was white,but now its green.Sorry about the messISorry about the messIve been painting the house.the house.IIve painted two rooms since lunchtime.two rooms since lunchtime.I I have been reading your grammar book.your grammar book.After I finish it,Ill discuss some After I finish it,Ill discuss some problems with you.problems with you.26A3、完成、完成进进行行时时强强调动调动作作过过程，完成程，完成时时强强调动调动作的作的结结果。果。My 二、过去完成时态1、用法：某个时间之前，某事已经发生。即过去的过去，用过去完成时。2、谓语：had done27A二、二、过过去完成去完成时态时态1、用法：某个用法：某个时间时间之前，某事已之前，某事已经发经发生。即生。即过过1）我到达时他已经离开了。2）我一直等到他做完作业。3）她说她已经把这件事忘了。4）当我看见她时，她己经结婚了。He had already left by the time I arrived.I waited until he had finished his homework.She said that she had forgotten this matter.When I saw her,she had already got married.28A1）我到达）我到达时时他已他已经经离开了。离开了。He had already le过去完成去完成时的其他用法的其他用法1 1）intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think,propose,wishexpect,think,propose,wish等等动词的的过去完成去完成时可表示可表示过去未能去未能实现的的计划、划、设想、意想、意图或希望等。或希望等。I I had planned to go shopping with you but my to go shopping with you but my mother came to see me just when I was about to mother came to see me just when I was about to go.go.She She had hoped that he would come to date that he would come to date her,but he didnt show up.her,but he didnt show up.I I had intended to see you,but I was busy.to see you,but I was busy.They They had hoped to see you off at the to see you off at the airport,but they got there too late.airport,but they got there too late.29A过过去完成去完成时时的其他用法的其他用法1）intend,mean,hop2 2）用在）用在“It was theIt was the序数序数词（first,first,secondsecond）或最高）或最高级that”that”句型中。句型中。例如：例如：Last week I attended an international Last week I attended an international conference and saw Mr.Machine.It was conference and saw Mr.Machine.It was the third time that I the third time that I had met him.him.30A2）用在）用在“It was the序数序数词词（first,sec过去完成进行时用法：动作发生在过去，一直延续到过去，并可能继续延续下去。过去完成进行时与过去完成时之间的关系，同现在完成进行时与现在完成时之间的关系一样。它的用法与现在完成进行时基本相同，只是将“坐标时问”移到过去。同样是强调动作的持续性，表示开始于过去某个时刻之前的动作持续到过去这一时刻，并继续持续下去。31A过过去完成去完成进进行行时时用法：用法：动动作作发发生在生在过过去，一直延去，一直延续续到到过过去，去，1）她说她一直在等待你的好消息。2）他给我打电话时，我已经工作了一段时间。3）当我到达那里时，我哥哥已经写了一个月论文。She said that she had been expecting your good news.I had been working for some time when he called me.My elder brother had been writing his essay for one month by the time I arrived there.32A1）她）她说说她一直在等待你的好消息。她一直在等待你的好消息。She said that 过去完成时和过去完成进行时过去完成时表示动作已完成，过去完成进行时表示动作可能在继续。He had cleaned the kitchen.He had been cleaning the kitchen.They had repaired the engine.They had been repairing the engine.33A过过去完成去完成时时和和过过去完成去完成进进行行时过时过去完成去完成时时表示表示动动作已完成，作已完成，过过去完成去完成三、将来完成时态（will have done）用法：在现在的将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。谓语：shall/will+have+done（过去分词）34A三、将来完成三、将来完成时态时态（will have done）用法：在）用法：在现现在在1）我会在你回来之前去美国。2）她会在她母亲回来之前做完作业。3）他会在今天下午3点前到达北京。4）我会在下个月底之前写完论文。I shall have left for America before you come back.（从句做时间状语）She will have finished her homework by the time her mother comes back.He will have arrived in Beijing by three this afternoon.By the end of next month,I shall have completed my essay.35A1）我会在你回来之前去美国。）我会在你回来之前去美国。I shall have lef 说明：1）每句划线部份均有“在未来某一在未来某一时刻之前刻之前”的意思。2）在90%的情况下，现在将来完成时都离不开介词“by”（在-之前）。以下是现在将来完成时和过去完成时在“by”用法上的区别：by ten oclock tomorrowtomorrow（用现在将来完成时）by the end of next monthnext month（用现在将来完成时）by the time he arrives next weeknext week（用现在将来完成时）by ten oclock yesterdayyesterday（用过去完成时）by the end of last monthlast month（用过去完成时）by the time he arrived yesterdayyesterday（用过去完成时）总之，“by”后面是将来的将来的时间，就一定要用现在将来完成在将来完成时；“by”后面是过去的去的时间，就一定要用过去完成去完成时。36A 说说明：明：1）每句划）每句划线线部份均有部份均有“在未来某一在未来某一时时刻之前刻之前”的意思。的意思。3将来完成进行时 用法：动作在现在的将来某一时刻之前发生，但该动作很可能继续延续下去。谓语：shall/will+have+been+doing（现在分词）将来完成进行时的用法与现在完成进行时基本相同，只是将“坐标时间”移到将来。同样是强调动作的持续性，表示开始于将来某个时刻之前的动作持续到将来这一时刻，并可能继续持续下去。37A将来完成将来完成进进行行时时 用法：用法：动动作在作在现现在的将来某一在的将来某一时时刻之前刻之前发发生，但生，但该该1）等她到达时，我可能等了她五个小时啦。2）到下个月底，她在这里生活了整整十年。3）如果明天再下雨的话，那么雨整整下了一个月。By the time she arrives,I shall have been waiting for her for