中高考英语语法教学课件

形容词形容词是是修饰名词或代词，说明事物修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的或人的性质性质或或特征特征的词的词。e.g.long,alone，empty,cheap,hungry,etc.形容词在句中作形容词在句中作定语定语、表语表语、宾语补宾语补足语足语等成分等成分形容词的词形1.-y.所有表示天气的状况的形容词。所有表示天气的状况的形容词。如:windy,rainy,sunny,cloudy2.-ful.如:helphelpful carecareful wonderwonderful useuseful 3.-ed.如 exciteexcited worryworried surprisesurprised interestinterested4.-ing.如 interestinteresting exciteexciting surprisesurprising wool-woolen wood-wooden5、+en6、+ern(东西南北东西南北)east-eastern south-southern friendly,daily,lively,lonely,lovely 7.由由“名词名词+ly”构成构成一、形容词的种类、作用和位置一、形容词的种类、作用和位置形容词用以修饰名词等表示人和事物形容词用以修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征。通常将形容词分成的性质、特征。通常将形容词分成性性质形容词质形容词和和表语形容词表语形容词两类。两类。1、性质形容词性质形容词：用以直接说明人或事物的性质、特征的形用以直接说明人或事物的性质、特征的形容词，它们有等级变化，也可以用程度副容词，它们有等级变化，也可以用程度副词来修饰，在句中可作词来修饰，在句中可作定语、表语定语、表语和和宾语宾语补足语补足语。大部分形容词都是性质形容词。大部分形容词都是性质形容词。1.Thesweaterisverybeautiful.2.Ihaveabusyday.3.Wekeepourclassroomclean.2.表语形容词表语形容词是指只用于连系动词之后做表语，而不能用在名是指只用于连系动词之后做表语，而不能用在名词前做定语的形容词。这类形容词大多词前做定语的形容词。这类形容词大多以以a开头开头，没有比较等级没有比较等级的变化，也不可用的变化，也不可用程度副词来修饰。程度副词来修饰。如：如：afraid（害怕的）（害怕的）,alone（单独的）（单独的）,alive（活着的）（活着的）,asleep（睡着的）（睡着的）,awake(醒着的）醒着的）,well（健康的）（健康的）,await（等待）（等待）worth（值得的）（值得的）,unable（不能的）（不能的）,ill（病了的）等。（病了的）等。误：误：analivepoet正：正：alivingpoet或或Apoetwhoisalive 例句：例句：1.Thebabyisasleep.2.Thegirlisafraidofsnakes.3.Hefeelswelltoday.注意：注意：表语形容词表语形容词不能用不能用very来修饰，来修饰，如不能说如不能说veryasleep,veryalone,但可以说：但可以说：fastasleep,quitealone。1.常用在名词之前或用在不定代词之后作定语2.用在连系动词之后作表语3.用在动词加宾语之后作宾语补足语如：如：1.What an interesting idea!2.Beijing is a modern city.3.I have five good friends.形容词的位置形容词的位置当形容词修饰由当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后不定代词的之后.e.g.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.adj常跟在这些连系动词之后作表语：be feel seem look sound taste smell turn go become grow 只作表语不能作定语的词有：只作表语不能作定语的词有：aloneafraidawakeasleepaliveableill Hesenthis_(生病的生病的)mothertohospitalyesterday.Nowhismothergets_AgoodBheathCwellDnicesickc某些动词如某些动词如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名词或代词作宾语，等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。的状态、特征等。形容词和宾语一起构成形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语复合宾语有的已构成固定词组。有的已构成固定词组。Ifoundmybike_yoursAdifferentfromBdifferentlyfromCdifferentwithDdifferentlywith小试牛刀小试牛刀做宾补时可用到的形容词做宾补时可用到的形容词可用到的形容词有可用到的形容词有:happy，pleased，surprised，angry，annoyed，sad，upset，unhappy，worried，anxious，excited，relaxed，stressed out，tense，calm，scared，comfortable，sick 二、副词的种类、作用和位置二、副词的种类、作用和位置 含义：含义：用来修饰动词、形用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词名词词组及句子的词，来来说明动作或状态的特征、说明动作或状态的特征、时间、地点、程度、方式时间、地点、程度、方式等情况等情况。e.g.early,out,very,soon,quickly,等等等等.副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其分副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其分为以下几种：为以下几种：1、时间和频度副词时间和频度副词：now,then,often,always,early,today,already,soon,ago,yesterday等等.2、地点副词地点副词：here,there,everywhere,out,in,home,upstairs,above,below,inside等等.3、方式副词方式副词：carefully,politely,fast,well,extremely,anxiously等等.4、程度副词程度副词：much,little,very,rather,too,rather,almost,so等等.5、疑问副词疑问副词：how,where,when,why（放在特殊疑问句前）（放在特殊疑问句前）6、关系副词关系副词：when,where,why（通常（通常引导宾语从句）引导宾语从句）7、连接副词连接副词：how,when,where,why,whether（通常引导定语从句）（通常引导定语从句）副词的位置副词的位置l修饰动词时，多数位于动词之后，及物动词的并与之后。如：He speaks English well.l修饰形容词或副词时，放在被修饰词之前。如：You have a very nice watch.l频度副词常放在行为动词之前，情态动词、Be动词、助动词之后。如：He always talks big and never behave himself.So he cant entirelywin her trustl修饰表语时，放在系动词（is/am/are）之后。如：She is out at the moment.l修饰宾语补足语时，放在宾语之后。如：Victory has wings，so you cant have itall.lenough修饰形容词或副词时，放在形容词和副词之后。如：You are old enough to go to school.l修饰全句时，放在句首。如：Perhaps/Maybe he is watching TV at home频度副词频度副词频度副词，如频度副词，如always,often,sometimes,usually,seldom等通常放在行为动词之等通常放在行为动词之前前,be动词之后。句子里如果有助动词动词之后。句子里如果有助动词或情态动词，则要放在它们之后。或情态动词，则要放在它们之后。1.Heusuallyhaslunchinthefactory.2.Theboyisoftenlateforschool.注意：注意：3、频度副词的比例表：频度副词的比例表：always100%,usually80%,often70%60%,sometimes,attimes30%40%,seldom,hardlyever5%,never0%中考英语专项复习形容词和副词时间副词和地点副词时间副词和地点副词通常置于句尾通常置于句尾,如果同时出现如果同时出现,则把地点副则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面词放在时间副词的前面,也可把时间副也可把时间副词放在句首。词放在句首。1.Theywentswimmingintheriveryesterday.=Yesterdaytheywentswimmingintheriver.方式副词方式副词方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在动词后，方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在动词后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词前或宾语之后，如果宾语较长，也可前或宾语之后，如果宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词和宾语之间。把副词放在动词和宾语之间。1.Myfatherworkshard.2.TomspeaksEnglishverywell.3.Mikewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisparents.程度副词程度副词程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动词和助动词之后。词前面，放在情态动词和助动词之后。1.Iamreallysorrytohearthat.2.TheweatherhereisquitedifferentfromthatinNanjing.3.Thegilrsworksveryhard.形容词和副词形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成比较级和最高级的构成规则变化规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词单音节词和少数双音节词1)一般情况加一般情况加er或或estfastfasterfastesthighhigherhighestclevercleverercleverest2)以字母以字母e结尾加结尾加r或或stfinefinerfinestlatelaterlatestnicenicernicest3)重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加字母时双写加er或或estfatfatterfattestbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest4)以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾变结尾变y为为i加加er或或estearlyearlierearliesteasyeasiereasiestluckyluckierluckiest规则变化规则变化部分双音节和多音节词部分双音节和多音节词 在词前加在词前加more或或mostslowly-moreslowly-mostslowlyeasily-moreeasily-mosteasilycarefully-morecarefully-mostcarefully不规则变化不规则变化1.good/wellbetterbest2.many/muchmoremost3.littlelessleast4.farfartherfarthest(farfurtherfurthest)5.bad/badly/illworseworstbetterbestworseworstmoremostlessleastfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestolder/elderoldest/eldest巧记：巧记：特殊形式比较级特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好坏病两多并两好little意思不是小意思不是小一分为二有两个一分为二有两个一是老来二是远一是老来二是远但有少数几个形容词无比较级和最高级。如：但有少数几个形容词无比较级和最高级。如：excellent,wonderful,favorite等。等。比较级前有时有一个表示程度的词或短语。比较级前有时有一个表示程度的词或短语。常见有：常见有：alittle,much,alot,still,even,some,any,far等。例如：等。例如：1）Myshirtismuchcheaperthanyours.我的衬衫比你的便宜。我的衬衫比你的便宜。2）Lesson3isverydifficult,butLesson5isevenmoredifficult.第第3课很难，但是第课很难，但是第5课更难。课更难。注意：注意：1.在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对两个在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对两个相比较的内容相比较的内容为了避免重复为了避免重复，我们常常用我们常常用one,that,those来代替前面的词。来代替前面的词。例如：例如：ThestoryMrLitoldusismoreinterestingthanoneMrWangtoldus.TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangdong.Thewindowsofourclassroomarecleanerthanthoseoftheirs.2.形容词最高级前一定要用形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词，副词最高级前可省略最高级前可省略.Hedid(the)bestintheexam.Got（the）first 形容词和副词形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法比较级和最高级的用法(1).so+形容词原级形容词原级+that丛句丛句=such+名词名词that丛句丛句Heissobigthathecantentertheroombythedoor.=Heissuchabigboythat.(2).as+形容词原形形容词原形+as.表示表示和和.一一样样TomisastallasMike.Thereareasinourclassasyours.manystudents(3).否定否定 not as+形容词原形形容词原形+as 或或 not so+形容词原形形容词原形+as “不及不如不及不如 ”“和和不一样不一样”TomisnotastallasMike.=TomisnotsotallasMike.(4)too+原级原级+todosth.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.形容词原级形容词原级+enoughtodosth.Thehallisbigenoughtohold4000students.1.比较级比较级+than 如如:Ourschoolislargerthantheirs.2.表示两者之间的选择，表示两者之间的选择，可使用可使用“Whichis+比较级，比较级，or?”如如:Whichislonger,thisoneorthat?3.表示不及另一方时，使用表示不及另一方时，使用“less+原级原级+than”Thisparkislessbeautifulthanthatone.4.“The+比较级比较级，the+比较级比较级”如如:Theharderyoustudy,thebetterresultsyouget.5.“比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级”如如:Inspring,thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.6.the+比较级比较级+ofthetwo如如:Heistheolderofthetwoboys.表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级,最高级的前面一般要加定冠词最高级的前面一般要加定冠词最高级的前面一般要加定冠词最高级的前面一般要加定冠词thethe，后面可带，后面可带，后面可带，后面可带ofof（in,amongin,among）短语来说明比较的范围）短语来说明比较的范围）短语来说明比较的范围）短语来说明比较的范围（1）.one of the+最高级最高级+名词复数名词复数 Lu Xun is oneofthegreatestwriterslast century.(2).最高级最高级+of(in)(of后一般跟个体名词后一般跟个体名词的复数，的复数，in后一般跟集体名词后一般跟集体名词)Ofall the moviestars,I think Zhang Ziyi is thebest.He isthetallestin his class.（3）.the+序数词序数词+最高级最高级+名词名词+in/ofTheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina（4）.Thisis/wasthe最高级最高级+名词名词+that定语定语从句从句ThisistheworstfilmthatIhaveseentheseyears.形式为比较级形式为比较级,实际是实际是最高级以及最高级以及包括包括与与不包括不包括。l包括：包括：比较级比较级+than+anyother+名词单数名词单数比较级比较级+than+anyoftheother+名词复数名词复数l不包括：不包括：比较级比较级+than+any+名词单数名词单数译译:汤姆比他班上的学生都高。（包括）汤姆比他班上的学生都高。（包括）Tomistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=Tomistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Tomisthetallestinhisclass.译译汤姆比其他班上的学生都高。（不包括）汤姆比其他班上的学生都高。（不包括）Tomistallerthananystudentintheotherclasses.同义句转换同义句转换1.Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=Heistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Heistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Heisthetallest(student)inhisclass2.KateisnotascarefulasMillie.=MillieismorecarefulthanKate.=KateislesscarefulthanMillie.3.LucysingsbetterthanLily.=LilysingsworsethanLucy.=LilydoesntsingaswellasLucy.四四、副词的比较等级构成和用法、副词的比较等级构成和用法 1、副词的比较等级构成。有三个等级：有三个等级：原级；原级；比较级；比较级；最高级。最高级。2、副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.e.g.fast-faster-fastestslowly-moreslowlymostslowly3、形容形容词词的最高级前要用定冠词的最高级前要用定冠词the,副副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.Mount Qomolangma is the highest in the world.Jim jumped(the)highest of the all.副词的同级比较副词的同级比较1.肯定句中用as+原级副词+as的结构：I love music as much as you do.2.否定句中用not as/so+原级副词+as结构:She doesnt love you as deeply as you.3.用.times+as+原级副词+as的结构表示倍数：This car runs three times as fast as that one.副词的比较级副词的比较级副词的比较级+than she comes here less often than beforeno+比较级than.和 not+比较级than.You speak English no more fluently than ever before.the+比较级.,the+比较级.The harder you work,the better youll learn.副词的最高级副词的最高级(the)+副词最高级+表示范围的短语或从句 如:He talks(the)least and does(the)most in his class.注注形容形容词词的最高级前要用定冠词的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前副词的最高级前可省略可省略定冠词定冠词the.注意：注意：1、副词副词very可以修饰形容词、副词，可以修饰形容词、副词，但不能修饰动词。但不能修饰动词。例如：例如：Thisflowerisverybeautiful.IlikeEnglishverymuch.(但不能说：但不能说：IverylikeEnglish.)2、enough作副词时，用在形容词、副词之作副词时，用在形容词、副词之后；后；enough用作形容词时，放在名词前或用作形容词时，放在名词前或后都可以。后都可以。例如：例如：Heisstrongenoughtolifttheheavybox.Themanhasgotenoughmoney(or:moneyenough)tobuyacar.比较级的修饰语比较级的修饰语能修饰比较级的副词及短语：能修饰比较级的副词及短语：much(的多的多)、alot(的多的多)、even(更更)、still（更（更）、）、abit/alittle(一点儿一点儿)far,threeyears等表示程度的状语来等表示程度的状语来修饰比较级修饰比较级 This city is much more beautiful than that one Today is even hotter than yesterday.*She is*She is much tallermuch taller than Mrs.Liu.than Mrs.Liu.*He is *He is three years olderthree years older than I.than I.*This problem is *This problem is a little more difficulta little more difficult than the than the other one.other one.1.Its important to keep calm in an emergency.If you are frightened,you may make wrong reactions.2.Mother joins me in sending our best wishes.3.They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.4.He has a good command of French,so that he can communicate with the French guests well.5.Vietnam made an official request that the conference be postponed.6.Hov can I persuade you that Im sincere?7.An earthquake left the whole city in ruins.8.You rescued me from an embarrassing situation.9.Attack is the best defense.10.The whole situation was so ridiculous,I simply burst into laughter.1.形容词分为_形容词和_形容词。2.指出以下形容词在句子中的成分。The price sounds reasonable.Something serious has happened to him.I make her happy.3.写出三个表语形容词。4.形容词在修饰由no,some,_,_构成的复合不定代词时，放在被修饰的词后面。5.指出下列副词的种类：carelessly，quite，whether,everywhere,never.6.写出big 和little 的比较级和最高级。7.翻译：问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。我等的越久就变得越不耐烦。那所学校的学生数量多达4ooo人。The more difficult the questions are,the less likely he is able to answer them.The longer I waited，the less patient I became.The number of the students in that school reaches as many as 4,000.练一练练一练一一.根据句意填空。根据句意填空。1.Whichfilmis_thisoneorthatone?(interesting)2.IthinkEnglishisoneof_subjectsinmiddleschool(important).3.LiLeidoesntstudyso_ashissister.(care)4.Annisalittle_thanJoan,butsheismuch_.(young,tall)5.TheChangjiangRiverisvery_.ItsThethird_riverintheworld.(long)课时训练课时训练moreinterestingthemostimportantcarefullyyoungertallerlonglongest6.Mr.Green is feeling _ enough to go to work.(好好)7.The old man looks much _ than you think.(friend)8.This box is not so _ as that one.(重重)9.Lucy jumped _ of the four.(high)10.The man looked_(生气地生气地)at his son and said:“Go away!”wellmore friendlyheavyhighestangrily 二、二、选择选择()1We dont have much homework now and our schoolbags are_they used to be.(.(锦州锦州锦州锦州09)09)A.as heavy as B.not as heavy as C.as heavily as D.not as heavily as()2_we plant,_our city will be.A.The more trees;the beautiful B.The less trees;the more beautiful C.The more trees;the more beautiful D.The less trees,the beautiful.BC()3.Dont worry.Your baby is looked after _ here,the nurses are very _.(常州常州09)A.careful,carefully B.carefully,careful C.care,careless D.careless,care()4.The air in our city is_than it used to be.Something must be done to stop it.(兰州兰州09)A.Very good B.much better C.even worse D.Rather bad()5.My father told me a story last night.It is _ Ive ever heard.(兰州兰州09)A.funnier B.funniest C.the funniest D.the funnierBCC()6.-Johnsingssowell.Hasheeverbeentrained?-No.Helearnsallbyhimself.He_goestoanytrainingclass.A.usuallyB.neverC.oftenD.even()7.Whata_cough!Youseem_ill.A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly()8.ThepopulationofBeijingislargerthan_Shenzhen.A./B.theoneinC.thatofD.thoseof BAc表达倍数的常用结构表达倍数的常用结构 n1.数词+times+as+形容词原级+as nThis room is twice as big as that one.2.数词+times+形容词比较级+than This room is twice bigger than that one.nn 3.数词+times+性质名词+of（性质名词主要有：length,size,height,weight,depth等）This room is twice the size of that one.。4.（not）half+as+形容词原级+as This room is half as big as that one.n1.（03北京卷）Our neighbor has _ours.A.as a big house as B.as big a house as C.the same big house as D.a house the same big as 2.（05 湖北卷）What a table!Ive never seen such a thing before.It is it is long.Ahalf not as wide as Bwide not as half as Cnot half as wide as Das wide as not half 3.（08浙江卷）I like this jacket better than that one,but it costs almost three times_.A.as much B.as many C.so much D.so many n4.（08陕西卷）Ten years ago the population of our village was that of theirs.A.as twice large as B.twice as large as C.twice as much as D.as twice much as 5.（09四川卷）My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours,but it is twice _ expensive.A.as B.so C.too D.very n6.（09辽宁卷）Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks,but it cost his.A.as much twice as B.twice as much as C.much as twice as D.as twice much as n7.（09四川卷）My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours,but it is twice _ expensive.A.as B.so C.too D.very 8.（09江西卷）According to statistics,a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _a woman.A.than B.such C.so D.as 9.（09辽宁卷）Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks,but it cost _ his.A.as much twice as B.twice as much as C.much as twice as D.as twice much as 10.（08浙江卷）I like this jacket better than that one,but it costs almost three times_.A.as much B.as many C.so much D.so many 供娄浪颓蓝辣袄驹靴锯澜互慌仲写绎衰斡染圾明将呆则孰盆瘸砒腥悉漠堑脊髓灰质炎(讲课2019)脊髓灰质炎(讲课2019)供娄浪颓蓝辣袄驹靴锯澜互慌仲写绎衰斡染圾明将呆则孰盆瘸砒腥悉漠堑脊髓灰质炎(讲课2019)脊髓灰质炎(讲课2019)