沉默教学法(英语)ppt课件

我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物The Silent WayThe Silent Way1我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物What is the Silent Way?It is the name of a language It is the name of a language teaching method devised by Dr.teaching method devised by Dr.Caleb Gattegno.What is the Silent Way?It is2我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Background American educator,American educator,Caleb GattegnoCaleb Gattegno created in the 70s,1983.created in the 70s,1983.Basic principle:Basic principle:Teaching should be Teaching should be subordinated to learning.subordinated to learning.Teaching is to Teaching is to serveserve learning process learning process rather than to rather than to dominatedominate it.it.Learners are actively searching for rules Learners are actively searching for rules of the target language regarding to the of the target language regarding to the learner in the cognitive approach.learner in the cognitive approach.Background American educat3我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 E Errors signs that students were rrors signs that students were actively testing their hypotheses.actively testing their hypotheses.No English teaching methods are No English teaching methods are directly from cognitive approach,but directly from cognitive approach,but a number of innovative methods a number of innovative methods emerged.emerged.The silent way is one of them.The silent way is one of them.Background Errors signs that students4我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物During the process of teaching,the teacher has to be silent as much as they could,but the learner has to be encouraged to produce as much language as possible.During the process of teaching5我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物The approach is called the Silent Way because the teacher remains mainly silent,to give students the space they need to learn to talk.In this approach,it is assumed that the students previous experience of learning from their mother tongue will contribute to learning the new foreign language.The acquisition of the mother tongue brings awareness of what language is and this is retained in second language learning.The awareness of what language is includes the use of non-verbal components of language such as intonation,melody,breathing,inflection,the convention of writing,and the combinations of letters for different sounds.Rods,pictures,objects or situations are aids used for linking sounds and meanings in the Silent Way.The approach is called the Sil6我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物The colored Cuisenaire rods奎西奈彩色棒奎西奈彩色棒 one pointerThe colored Cuisenaire rods奎西奈7我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物The teacher uses charts,gestures,and manipulatives to elicit and shape student responses and so must be both facile and creative as a pantomimist and puppeteer.Within the atmosphere of silence,learners would concentrate on the task to be accomplished and the potential means to its accomplishment.The teacher uses charts,gestu8我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Learners go on to create their own utterances by putting together all the information they have.Learners only have themselves and the group to rely on,and they need to work cooperatively rather than competitively.Learners go on to create their9我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Though teachers modeling is minimal,learners are expected to develop independence,autonomy,and responsibility.The absence of correction and repeated modeling from teachers require students to develop“inner criteria”and to correct themselves and their peers.Though teachers modeling is mi10我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Goals:A.Students should be able to use the language for self-expression.B.Students need to develop their own inner criteria for correctness by each other or themselves without the dependence of the teacher.Goals:A.Students should be ab11我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Techniques and Principles:teaching should be subordinated to learningStudent-teacher interaction:The teacher works with the student;the student works on the language.GattegnoTechniques and Principles:t12我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Techniques and Principles:1.Teachers roles:A.Start with something the students have already known and build from that to the unknown.B.As a technician or engineer:The teacher is a silent helper who only gives what help is necessary.C.Respect the autonomy of the learners in their attempts at relating and interacting with the new challenges.Techniques and Principles:A.S13我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Techniques and Principles:2.Students roles:A.Make use of what they knowB.Free themselves of any obstacles that would interfere with giving their utmost attention to the learning taskC.Actively engage in exploring the language.Techniques and Principles:A.M14我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Techniques and Principles:3.Peer correctionStudents are encouraged to help another student when he or she is experiencing difficulty.Techniques and Principles:Stud15我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Techniques and Principles:4.Self-correction gesturesThe teacher will use some gestures to direct the students.Techniques and Principles:The 16我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Techniques and Principles:5.Structured feedbackA.Students learn to take responsibility for their own learning by becoming aware of an decontrolling how they use certain learning strategies in class.B.The teacher accepts the students comments in a nondefensive manner.C.This will give him direction for where to work on next.Techniques and Principles:A.S17我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Some uses of colored rods Some uses of colored rods 18我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物This is a chart containing a certain number of different coloured rectangles;each colour corresponds to a sound in the language.This is a chart containing a c19我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物The Fidel is a set of charts presenting all the possible spellings of each sound of the language.The Fidel is a set of charts p20我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物One of the 12 word charts on which the functional words of the language are printed in color.One of the 12 word charts on w21我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Culture:Culture is an inseparable part of language.Language reflects culture.Everyday life,art,literature.etc.should be learnt.Culture:Culture is an insepara22我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Culture:Stop!Please repeat one word per finger Open wider,please!Culture:Stop!Please repeat on23我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Comparison with the traditional teaching methodsTraditional teaching methods strongly focus on repetition of sentences modeled by the teacher,and a process through guided elicitation exercises to freer communication.Comparison with the traditiona24我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物In the Silent Way,the indirect role the teacher is required to assume in directing and monitoring learner performance,the responsibility placed on learners to figure out and test their hypotheses about how the languages work.Comparison with the traditional teaching methodsIn the Silent Way,the indirec25我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物NextNext26我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物The silent way Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion The silent way Advantages 27我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 Advantages This method fosters cooperative learning between individuals.It embodies a new approach to education in general,a respect for the individual and an awareness of the individuals extraordinary cognitive powers.Advantages This method foste28我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Advantages If it is succeeded to teach the language by using the rods without repeating too much,it will really save time and energy for both teachers students.The advocates of the Silent Way claim that the short-term memory is used artificially but well.The self-esteem of the students will be increased and this will enhance learning.By this way students will say I learned instead of I was taught well.Advantages If it is succeeded29我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Disadvantages It would seem necessary for a teacher to gain a good deal of training and skill in order to apply the Silent Way to the teaching of a total grammar in all its complexity,if such a broad application is,in fact,possible.Disadvantages It would seem 30我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Disadvantages This method can be benefited by the teacher only in small groups of students.The teacher can gain ability in this method by trying.The teacher is expected to enrich the materials on his/her own.For some teachers the rigidity of the system(no repetitions by the teacher,no answers by the teacher etc.)may be meaningless.Disadvantages This method can31我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Disadvantages For some learners,one limitation is the approach to language basics which begins with seemingly irrelevant discussions about rods and which involves silence and concentration and games with the teacher about meaning.Students expectations and need for immediately relevant language learning may force teachers to abandon the approach Disadvantages For some learne32我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Disadvantages How such a method would in the average classroom situation,or how successfully it might be used at more advanced levels is a question mark left in our minds.Language is separated from its social context and taught through artificial situations usually by rods.Disadvantages How such a meth33我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Conclusion Despite the philosophical and sometimes almost metaphysical quality of much of Gattegnos writings,the actual practices of the Silent Way are much less revolutionary than might be expected.Working from what is a rather traditional structural and lexical syllabus,the method exemplifies many of the features that characterize more traditional methods,such as Situational Language Teaching and Audiolingualism,with a strong focus on accurate repetition of sentences modeled initially by the teacher and a movement through guided elicitation exercises to freer communication.Conclusion Despite the philoso34我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物ConclusionThe innovations in Gattegnos method derive primarily from the manner in which classroom activities are organized,the indirect role the teacher is required to assume in directing and monitoring learner performance,the responsibility placed upon learners to figure out and test their hypotheses about how the language works,and the materials used to elicit and practice language.ConclusionThe innovations in G35我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Thanks for your listening Thanks for your listening 36