中考宾语从句+状语从句教学课件

中考宾语从句+状语从句 什么叫宾语？宾语就是位于及物动词或介词之后的名词性结构，包括宾语就是位于及物动词或介词之后的名词性结构，包括名词，代词等等名词，代词等等。1）I like apples.2)They are talking about me.判断一个词是不是宾语，首先要看它是不判断一个词是不是宾语，首先要看它是不是跟在及物动词或介词后面；其次要看它是跟在及物动词或介词后面；其次要看它是不是名词或代词是不是名词或代词。一、宾语从句宾语从句就是将原本位于及物动词或介词后面的名词或代词换成一个简单句。I like apples.I like (that you get my gift).括号内的那一个简单句就叫做宾语从句，而且它是“主谓宾”结构，它是整个句子充当及物动词like的宾语。简单句：They are talking about me.宾语从句：They are talking about （who newly come to our class）.括号内的那一个简单句就叫做宾语从句，而且它是“主谓”结构，它是整个句子充当及介词 about的宾语。二、宾语从句三要素连连 接接 词词时时 态态语语 序序（一）连接词1.that2.whether/if3.连接代词who whom whose what which4.连接副词when why where how。当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。结构式为：主语+及物动词+that+从句，例如：合并句子：He could finish his work before supper.He said.He said that he could finish his work before supper当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时用if或whether引导，意为“是否”,结构式为主语+及物动词+if/whether+从句合并句子：Does he still lives here after so many years?I dont know.I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years只能用whether的情况1、具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether。合并句子：1)Will he come or not?Let me know.Let me know whether he will come or not合并句子：1）Does he like English?I am interested.Im interested in whether he likes English2)Can we finish the work on time?We are thinking.Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导 Please tell him.Which class are you in.宾语从句：Please tell him which class you are in.What does she like most?Do you know?宾语从句：Do you know what she likes most?He asked me.Whom was I waiting for?宾语从句：he asked me whom I was waiting for.Whose advice should I take?I cant decide.宾语从句：I cant decide whose advice I should take.（二）语序宾语从句复合句的无论主句或从句都可以是陈述句，也可以是疑问句。但无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述句语序，即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。陈述句语序就是“主语在前，动词在后”(史称:主前动后)。陈述句语序的常见正确表达式为:a 主语+动词b 主语+助动词(has/have)或情态动词+实义动词Can you tell me where you were born?(you是主语，were是动词，主前动后Can you tell me where were you born?（三三 ）时态时态(时态一致性）时态一致性）1.1.如果主句的时态是如果主句的时态是一般现在时一般现在时，宾语从，宾语从 句句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_时态时态。I dont think(that)you are right.Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr.Smith moved here?任任 何何 2.2.如果主句的时态是如果主句的时态是一般过去时一般过去时，宾语从句只，宾语从句只能用相应的能用相应的_时态时态（一般过去时，（一般过去时，过过去进行时，去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：如：He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S.soon.过去过去 3.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理客观真理，即使，即使主句用了主句用了过去时过去时，从句仍用，从句仍用 _ 时态时态。例如：例如：The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.一般现在一般现在三、宾语从句与简单句的转换1、当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose 等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。I hope that I can receive your e-mail.I hopeto receive your e-mail.2、当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:She doesnt know what she should do next.She doesnt know_.3、当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:Will you please show me how I can work it out?Will you please show me_.what to do nexthow to work it outDo you know _?A.where does she live B.she lives whereC.where she lives D.where she live2.His parents wanted to know what he _at that time.A.is doing B.was doing C.has done D.will doCB巩固练习：巩固练习：I从下列从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。中选择一个正确选项填空。4Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour,but could not find _?A.what Lily was B.what was LilyB.C.where Lily was D.where was LilyC.C3.We dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Canada.A.what he is B.when he was born B.C.where he comes from D.if he lives hereC.C5 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A.took B.take C.takes D.will take 6 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A.travelled B.has travelled C.travels D.had travelled AC7.Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow?A.if B.weather C.what D.whichA8.Could you tell me _?A.when will they leave BeijingB.when would they leave BeijingC.when they will leave Beijing D.when did they leave Beijing CII.改错：1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school._Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east._Father told me the sun always rises in the east.3.He doesnt know that when she can come back._He doesnt know when she can come back.1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.4.I hear he _(return)it already.5.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)6.He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)7.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)8.I think you _ about the relay race now.(talk)9.I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be)will be goes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were were doing10.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)11.Miss Wang told me that the earth _ (move)round the earth.12.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)13.Ling Feng told me he _ to several times.(be)14.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)15.Can you tell me what they _ yesterday?(do)wrotemoves has taken has been risesdid将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you say at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.4.“I am doing my homework.”He said.5.“I will come back.”Tom said.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will say at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends withthem.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.宾语从句小结一一.结构结构1.当陈述句作宾语从句时当陈述句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+that+主语主语+谓语部分谓语部分2.当一般疑问句作宾语从句时当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+if(whether)+主语主语+谓语部分谓语部分3.当当 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+主语主语+谓语部分谓语部分二主从时态关系二主从时态关系 主句主句 从句从句一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 3.(特殊特殊):任何时态任何时态 (客观、自然现象客观、自然现象)三三.语序：陈述语序语序：陈述语序时态不变时态不变时态相应变化时态相应变化 一般现在时一般现在时时间状语从句是关键时间状语从句是关键其他状语从句重点记忆连接词其他状语从句重点记忆连接词表示时间、地点、原因、目的We sleep at night at home.必须符合“从句的三个必须”必须是句子；必须有连接词；必须是陈述句 用一个句子充当状语成分，那个句子就是状语从句。状语从句分类1.表示时间表示时间 2.表示地点表示地点 3.表示原因表示原因 4.表示结果表示结果 5.表示目的表示目的6.表示条件表示条件7.表示让步表示让步8.表示比较表示比较返回表示时间 一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句When,as,while,before,after,till,Until,as soon as,The moment,the minute,the first time.（名词性短语）1.While I was reading,he was playing.2.The mother didnt go to bed until her little daughter returned home last night.昨晚母亲等到她的小女儿回家才睡觉。表示地点二、地点状语从句二、地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的主要有引导地点状语从句的主要有:where,:where,whereverwherever及及-where-where构成的复合词。构成的复合词。EG:1.We shall go where people are kind.2.Just stay where you are.表示原因 三、原因状语从句三、原因状语从句最常用的连词是:because，since，as，now（that）等表示结果四、结果状语从句四、结果状语从句可以由 so that，so.that，such.that E.G.1.He was so angry that he left the room without a word.2.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.3.The box is so heavy that nobody can move it.表示目的四、目的状语从句四、目的状语从句主要的引导词有:so that，in order that，目的状语从句常常含有情态动词。E.G.They are hurrying so that/in order that they may not miss the train.他他们为们为了赶上火了赶上火车车而匆匆忙忙。而匆匆忙忙。He works hard in order that/so that he can serve his country well.表示条件五、条件状语从句五、条件状语从句最常用的引导词有:if，if only（if 的强调式）,unless(=if not)，as long as，so long asE.G.1.As long as I live,I shall work hard.2.You cant learn it well unless you work hard.3.If you want to know,I can tell you.表示让步六、让步状语从句六、让步状语从句主要的引导词有:though，although，as even if，even thoughhowever,whatever,whenever等E.G.I wont mind even if(though)he doesnt come.Though it was cold,she went out without an overcoat.No matter who/whoever comes here,I will not let him in.you can take whatever you like.表示比较八、比较状语从句八、比较状语从句主要由than，as.as,the morethe more E.G.The more you eat,the fatter you are.John is less clever than Tom.He is not so/as clever as his brother.END