跨文化商务沟通课件

跨文化商务沟通课件Chapter 1The Nature of Intercultural CommunicationChapter 1The Nature of IntercuCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.1-3TopicsGlobalization/glocalization/grobalizationCultureEnculturation/AcculturationEthnocentrismNorms,rules,roles,and networksSubcultures and subgroupsCommunication barriersMultinational management orientations3Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.1-4Example of MiscommunicationTelex sent to a factory manager of a U.S.subsidy in Lima,Peru:“Please send a headcount of the people in your factory and in your office,broken down by sex.Information urgent.”The local manager,a Peruvian,replied:“Heres your headcount:we have 30 in the factory,15 in the office,5 in the hospital on sick leave,none broken down by sex.If you must know,our problem here is with alcohol.”(Axtell,1994)4Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.5Communication and CultureCommunication and culture are inseparable.Culture is a code we learn and share.Learning and sharing require communicationCommunication requires coding and symbols that are learned and shared.(Smith,1966)5Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.6DefinitionsInternational communication-communication between governments or among nationsIntracultural communication-communication between members of the same cultureGlobal business communication-communication between businesses from different countries6Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.7Intercultural business communication interpersonal communication within and between businesses that involve people from more than one cultureMelting pot-sociocultural assimilation of people of differing backgrounds and nationalities;implies losing ethnic differences and forming one large society(macroculture)Diffusion-the process by which two cultures learn and adapt materials and adopt practices of each other7Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.8World culture-the idea that as traditional barriers among people of differing cultures break down,one culture will emergeGlobalization-the ability of a firm to take a product and market it in the entire civilized world8Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaU.S.Census 201064%White Americans16%Hispanic Americans14%African Americans 5%Asian Americans .9%Amer.Indians&Alaskan Natives .2%Native Hawaiians&Pacific Islanders .9%OthersCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.9 9U.S.Census 201064%White AmerCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.10Globalization,Glocalization,and GrobalizationGlobalizationthe worldwide diffusion of practicesGlocalizationthe interpenetration of the global and localGrobalizationfocuses on the imperialistic ambitions of nations,corporations,and organizations to impose themselves on others10Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.11Dimensions of CultureLanguages(codes/modes)Verbal NonverbalPhysical PsychologicalEnvironment Human Behavior Content ProcessesNatural Man Made Knowledge Belief Encoding Systems Decoding Thought From Borden,1991,17111Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.12Describe the U.S.or another Culture Using BordenLanguageVerbalNonverbalPsychologicalContentKnowledgeBelief SystemsProcessesEncoding ThoughtDecoding ThoughtPhysicalEnvironmentCultural activities12Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.13Perceptions&StereotypesPerceptions are learned through the dimensions of culture.Culture is learned through perception.Stereotypes are perceptions about certain groups of people or nationalities,often based upon limited knowledge and/or exposure13Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.14Stereotypes of U.S.PersonsInformal relationshipsRather formal in business attire(suits for men;dresses or suits for women)WorkaholicsEmbarrass foreign businesspeople Overly concerned with time,money,and appointments14Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.15Make decisions on hard,objective factsConsider contracts and the written word as very important Be aware of the status differences within the organization;however,generally no display of superiority or inferiority is made which makes rank-conscious foreigners uneasyAre very mobileConvey superiority in their actions15Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.16Stereotypes of Selected Cultures(Japanese and U.S.Students)JapaneseAmericansEnglishgentlemanly,formal,proper,politepolite,intelligentIrishcold,patient,drinkers,jovial,religioushot-tempered,loudChinesediligent,seriousquiet,small,ingenious,laboringindustrious,smartMexicanscheerful,passionatelazy,poor,loud,spicy-food eatersdirty,uneducatedRussianscold,dark,closed,cold,respect authority,secret,selfishhard-workingIsraelisreligious,faithful,religious,quarrelsome,warlike,Jewishwealthy,greedy16Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.17TermsEnculturation-socialization process you go through to adapt to your societyFrontstage culture-cultural information that you are willing to share with outsidersBackstage culture-cultural information concealed from outsidersAcculturation-process of adjusting and adapting to a new and different cultureCultural synergy-two cultures merge to form a stronger overriding cultureMulticultural-people who can move between two or more cultures very comfortablyEthnocentrism-the belief that your own cultural background is correctMindsets-ways of being that allow us to see,perceive,and reason through our own filter17Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.18Dimensions of AcculturationIntegration-persons become an integral part of the new culture while maintaining their cultural integritySeparation-individuals keep their culture and stay independent of the new cultureAssimilation-persons are absorbed into their new culture and withdraw from their old cultureDeculturation-individuals lose their original culture and do not accept the new culture18Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.19Norms,Rules,Roles,and Networks(Situational factors that influence encoding and decoding of verbal and nonverbal messages)Norms-culturally ingrained principles of correct and incorrect behaviors which,if broken,carry a form of overt or covert penaltyRules-formed to clarify cloudy areas of normsRoles-include behavioral expectations of a position within a culture and are affected by norms and rulesNetworks-formed with personal ties and involve an exchange of assistance19Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.20Subcultures and SubgroupsSubcultures(or microcultures)-groups possessing traits that set them apart from others within the macroculture.U.S.examples:senior citizens,Catholics,disabled persons,Asian AmericansSubgroups-groups with which the macroculture does not agree and has problems communicating.U.S.examples:youth gangs,prostitutes,embezzlers20Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.21Cultural IntelligenceInvolves linguistic intelligence,spatial intelligence,intrapersonal intelligence,and interpersonal intelligenceInvolves the ability to interact successfully with individuals from other cultures21Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.22Communication BarriersPhysical-time,environmentCultural-social,ethnic,religion,socialPerceptual-viewing from your own mindsetMotivational-mental inertia of listenerExperiential-dissimilar experiences or life happenings22Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.23Linguistic-unusual vocabularyEmotional-personal feelings,likes or dislikesNonverbal-how something is said or how the person behaves or gesturesCompetition-listeners having the ability to do other things23Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.24Cultural IcebergAbove the waterlinewhat we can see;behaviors that are visible Below the waterlinewhat we cannot see;behaviors that are not visible or that do not make sense to us24Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaMetaphors in Culture 文化中的隐喻The Culture Iceberg The Culture Onion 文化冰山 文化洋葱 25Metaphors in Culture 文化中的隐喻25Culture is like an iceberg26Culture is like an iceberg26Culture is like an onionSymbolsheroesritualsvalues27Culture is like an onionSymbolSymbols Symbols refers to words,gestures,pictures,or objects that carry a particular meaning only recognized by those who share the culture.28Symbols Symbols refers to wordHeroes“Heroes”is a term used to indicate persons,ordinary or famous,real or imaginary,as long as they possess characteristics that are highly prized and worshiped in a culture.29Heroes“Heroes”is a term usedRituals Rituals are those collective activities that are considered socially essential within a culture.30Rituals Rituals are those collValues Values are social principles,goals,or standards accepted by persons in a culture.31Values Values are social princCulture is our software32Culture is our software32Culture is like the water a fish swims in.33Culture is like the water a fiCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.34Domestic and Global MindsetsDomestic MindsetFunctional expertisePrioritizationStructureIndividual responsibilityNo surprises Trained against surprisesGlobal MindsetBigger,broader pictureBalance of contradictionsProcessTeamwork and diversityView change as opportunityOpenness to surprises34Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.35Multinational Management OrientationsEthnocentric Management-All workers treated the same;no allowance for cultural differences in the work forcePolycentric Management-Considers the cultural needs of country where the firm is locatedRegiocentric Management-Considers the region rather than the country in which the firm is locatedGeocentric Management-A synergy of ideas from different countries of operation35Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.36Ten Commandments for Going InternationalBe well prepared.Ask questions;be observant;listen.Make an effort.When problems develop,assume the main cause is miscommunication.Be patient.Assume the best about people.Be sincere.Keep a sense of humor.Try to be likable.Smile.36Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.37What foreign students WOULD like to see incorporated into their own culture:Opportunity for individuals to raise their station in lifeEfficiency of organizationsHard work and productivityFreedom to express opinions openlyGeneral sense of freedom37Copyright 2014 Pearson EducaCopyright 2014 Pearson Education,Inc.38What foreign students WOULD NOT like to see incorporated into their own culture:Excessive individualismWeak family tiesTreatment of older peopleMaterialismCompetitivenessRapid pace of lifeDivorce“Free”male/female relationsImpersonality38Copyright 2014 Pearson Educa1、有时候读书是一种巧妙地避开思考的方法。2024/5/182024/5/18Saturday,May 18,20242、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。2024/5/182024/5/182024/5/185/18/2024 3:15:34 PM3、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。2024/5/182024/5/182024/5/18May-2418-May-244、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。2024/5/182024/5/182024/5/18Saturday,May 18,20245、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。2024/5/182024/5/182024/5/182024/5/185/18/20246、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。18 五月 20242024/5/182024/5/182024/5/187、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。五月 242024/5/182024/5/182024/5/185/18/20248、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。2024/5/182024/5/1818 May 20249、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。2024/5/182024/5/182024/5/182024/5/1810、你要做多大的事情，就该承受多大的压力。5/18/2024 3:15:34 PM2024/5/1818-5月-2411、自己要先看得起自己，别人才会看得起你。5/18/2024 3:15 PM5/18/2024 3:15 PM2024/5/182024/5/1812、这一秒不放弃，下一秒就会有希望。18-May-2418 May 20242024/5/1813、无论才能知识多么卓著，如果缺乏热情，则无异纸上画饼充饥，无补于事。Saturday,May 18,202418-May-242024/5/1814、我只是自己不放过自己而已，现在我不会再逼自己眷恋了。2024/5/182024/5/1818 May 202415:15谢谢大家谢谢大家1、有时候读书是一种巧妙地避开思考的方法。2023/8/42