商务英语翻译课件

商务英语翻译商务英语翻译词汇翻译句法翻译文体与篇章商务英语翻译词汇翻译句法翻译文体与篇章商务英语翻译商务英语翻译 之之 句法翻译句法翻译 否定句式否定句式比较句式比较句式被动句式被动句式各种从句各种从句商务英语翻译 之 句法翻译 否定句式句法翻译之二：比较句式句法翻译之二：比较句式几个值得注意的比较级句式及其翻译几个值得注意的比较级句式及其翻译句法翻译之二：比较句式几个值得注意的比较级句式及其翻译The price of company A is not more competitive than that of company B.（1 1）not+比较级比较级+than/no+比较级比较级+than比较级前加比较级前加not，表示前者不如后者，与，表示前者不如后者，与not asas相相当；当；比较级前加比较级前加no是对两者的否定，意为是对两者的否定，意为“和和一样一样不不”，与，与neithernor或或“as+相反意义的形容词相反意义的形容词或副词或副词+as”相当。如：相当。如：The price of company A is no more competitive than that of company B.The price of company A is not The bag costs no more than 1000 Yuan.（2 2）no more than与not more than两者均可表示数量，前者表示“仅仅”、“只不过”,强调少；而后者表示“不多于”、“至多”。如：He has placed not more than three orders with the supplier.这个包只需1000元人民币.他向该供应商最多订过三次货。The bag costs no more than 100Wei Xiaobao has no less than 7 wives and concubines.（3 3）no less than 与与not less than均可表示数量，前者意为均可表示数量，前者意为“多达多达”、“有有之多之多”，强调多；后者表示强调多；后者表示“不下于不下于”、“至少至少”。有时两者都。有时两者都可译为可译为“至少至少”，但，但no less than语气比语气比not less than要要夸张，表示所涉及的数量比预料的要多夸张，表示所涉及的数量比预料的要多,如：如：Yu Minhong,the founder of New Oriental,had been rejected for not less than three times in applying for a visa to the U.S.韦小宝有韦小宝有7个老婆之多个老婆之多.新东方的创始人俞敏洪申请美国签证至少被拒签三次。新东方的创始人俞敏洪申请美国签证至少被拒签三次。Wei Xiaobao has no less than 7Statistics show that by 2017 there will be 30 million more men than women in China.（4 4）morethan的用法a.本身用作比较级：把more看成many或much的比较级，后接名词，表示“比更多”。如：I was more annoyed than worried.b.对同一对象的两个方面进行比较：若是对同一个人或物在不同方面进行取舍时，意为“与其说倒不如”，此时，不论形容词或副词是单音节、双音节还是多音节，一律用morethan。如:我与其说是着急，不如说是生气。He is more a businessman than a professor.Statistics show that by 2017 t练习练习 Never has China made better economic developments than now.Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country,it still imports large numbers of autos from Germany,Japan and Sweden,primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.We have kept business relationship with Goodyear for years as it is as creditable as ever.练习 Never has China made better练习练习We have kept business relationship with Goodyear for years as it is as creditable as ever.The environment for investment in China is as suitable as any in the world.Bill Gates is as rich as any billionaire in the world.Each political party in the United States is more interested in winning elections than in putting across a particular policy or law.Containerization is an efficient mode of shipment as it is as simple as time-saving.练习We have kept business relati练习练习The marketing manager he hires looks young for her age.My share seems small beside yours.Are imported products superior in quality to domestic ones?We have made two hundred forty business deals this year as against one hundred forty last year.练习The marketing manager he hir 被动语态的表达具有客观性，因此，在英语中的使用非常广泛，尤其在科技文体中更为普遍。另外，英文考虑的重点是事事情情，而汉语考虑的重点则是人人。汉语不执着于主语与谓语之间究竟是什么关系。例如：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量人不可貌相，海水不可斗量 As a person cannot be judged by his appearance,so can the sea not be measured with a bushel.句法翻译之三：被动句式英文多用被动语态 被动语态的表达具有客观性，因此，在英语中的使用非常广泛 英语中的被动语态在翻译成汉语时，在多数情况下要翻译成符合汉语习惯的主动句，但少数仍旧保持被动语态。一般的翻译方法有三种：句法翻译之三：被动句式被动语态的主要翻译方法（1）译成汉语的主动式（2）译成汉语的被动式（3）译成汉语的特殊结构 英语中的被动语态在翻译成汉语时，在多数情况下被动句式（被动句式（1 1）：译成汉语的主动式）：译成汉语的主动式 保留原文中的主语 在将被动语态翻译成汉语时，有时可以将原文中的主语仍旧译作汉语的主语，即采取“受事者动词”。例如：Passengers are requested to line up to get on board.乘客乘客请排队上车（船）。请排队上车（船）。希腊希腊得到了欧盟其他成员国的经济资助。得到了欧盟其他成员国的经济资助。Greece was offered financial support from other EU member nations.被动句式（1）：译成汉语的主动式 保留被动句式（被动句式（1 1）：译成汉语的主动式）：译成汉语的主动式 将原文中的主语转译成宾语，增译主语 有时可以将原文中的主语翻译成宾语。如果原句中没有施动者，在必要的情况下，还可以在译文中加上相应的主语，如“人们、有人、大家、我们”等含有泛指性的词语做主语。例如：A Doctoral degree is considered to be one of the essential requirements for a teaching position at college.人们人们认为博士学历是担任大学教职的必要条件之一。认为博士学历是担任大学教职的必要条件之一。If you are asked personal questions,you need not answer them.如果如果有人有人问你的私事，你尽可以不答。问你的私事，你尽可以不答。被动句式（1）：译成汉语的主动式 将原文中的主语转译成宾语被动句式（被动句式（1 1）：译成汉语的主动式）：译成汉语的主动式 将原文中的某一部分转译成主语Some webtoon serials are published on major Internet portals free of charge.答案：大型门户网站免费发行一些网络漫画系列。（状语转译成主语）Spring Festival is celebrated in China as well as some other Asian countries.中国和其他几个亚洲国家庆祝春节。（状语转译成主语）。被动句式（1）：译成汉语的主动式 将原文中的某一部分转译被动句式（被动句式（1 1）：译成汉语的主动式）：译成汉语的主动式 把施动者译成主语 Almost no students use their cellphones,sleep or whisper in class any longer,which is the remarkable result achieved by Wuchang University of Technology ever since a monitoring system was put into use starting in March 2015.几乎没有同学再在教室里玩手机、睡觉或者交头接耳地讲话。这些是武昌理工学院在2015年3月份安装监控系统后取得的显著效果。This conclusion is hardly justified by the results.结果结果很难证明这个结论是正确的。被动句式（1）：译成汉语的主动式 把施动者译成主语 Al被动句式（被动句式（1 1）：译成汉语的主动式）：译成汉语的主动式 译译成成无无主主句句有时英语被动句因某种原因不体现施事者，但是句子里又不能没有主语，于是就用受事者做主语。汉语不存在这个问题，因为汉语里可以没有主语。在翻译这样的句子时，往往颠倒原文中的“受事者动词”顺序，变成“动词受事者”，将原文处理成为无主句。例：In no way can the contract be put to an immediate end.无法立即终止合同。The plan for removing the barrier lake（堰塞湖）has been approved,and a flood relief channel（泄流槽）,measuring 5 meters wide and 8 meters deep,will be excavated on the top of the barrier.清除堰塞湖的计划已经得到审批，将在堰塞体顶部开凿一个宽5米、深8米的泄流槽。被动句式（1）：译成汉语的主动式 译成无主句有时英语练习练习It is forbidden to have unfair competition acts in foreign trade activities including selling commodities at unreasonably low prices,bidding in collusion（串串通通投投标标）,publishing false advertisement and offering bribe for commercial purposes,etc.An acceptance（承承诺诺）may be withdrawn.The withdrawl notice of the acceptance shall reach the offeror（要要约约人人）before or at the same time as the acceptance notice（承承诺诺通通知）知）reaches the offeror.练习It is forbidden to have unfa被动句式（被动句式（1 1）：译成汉语的主动式）：译成汉语的主动式 以it为形式主语的被动句的翻译 有些以it为形式主语的英语被动式句子，在翻译成汉语的时候常要改变成主动形式。译文有时不用加主语，有时则需要加入一些不确定的主语，比如：“大家、有人、人们、我们”等，或者将其处理成独立句。例如：It was rumored that Dec.31 of 2012 would be the worlds doomed day 据谣传，2012年12月31日为世界末日。It is said that extreme weather is the most frequent reason for flight delays in July and August.The impact of military drills on civil flights was minimal.据说，在七、八月份，极端天气是航班延误最常见的原因。军事演习对民用航班的影响极小。被动句式（1）：译成汉语的主动式 以it为形式主语的被被动句式（被动句式（1 1）：译成汉语的主动式）：译成汉语的主动式 It is believed that more and more people in China will be moving out of the city to live in the country.人们相信，越来越多中国人将离开城市搬到郊区去住。It is hoped the tax cuts will act as a stimulant to further economic growth.人们希望降低税负这一措施能刺激经济进一步增长。被动句式（1）：译成汉语的主动式 It is believe以it为形式主要的表达形式包括：不加主语It may be safely said thatIt can be clearly seen thatIt should be noted thatIt can be foreseen thatIt was so decided thatIt was made beyond any doubt thatIt has been proved thatIt will be seen from this that可以有把握地说可以清楚地看到应该指出可以预料就此决定毫无疑问已经证明由此可见以it为形式主要的表达形式包括：It may be safeIt must be stressed thatIt has been calculated thatIt is hoped thatIt must be realized thatIt cannot be denied thatIt has been found thatIt must be kept in mind that 不加主语必须强调据计算希望必须认识到不可否认已经发现；实践证明必须牢记It must be stressed that 不加主 可以加主语，译成“人们，有人，我们，大家”等It is asserted thatIt is believed thatIt is generally considered thatIt is well known thatIt was told thatIt is felt thatIt is understood thatIt is objected thatIt is claimed thatIt is generally accepted thatIt is alleged that有人主张有人相信/认为人们普遍认为大家知道；众所周知有人曾经说人们感到人们明白有人反对有人声称大家公认有人断言 可以加主语，译成“人们，有人，我们，大家”等It is 被动句式（被动句式（2 2）：译成汉语的被动式）：译成汉语的被动式 当句中不出现行为主体时，有时使用“被”“给”表示被动意义。例如：Chinese traffic police have handled more than 17 million cases involving road rage like arbitrary lane changes and dangerous overtaking this year.Road rage has been described as a major traffic safety hazard.今年，中国交警处理任意变道和强行超车等“路怒”行为共1700万余起。（目前）路怒症已被视为重大交通安全隐患。The company was prohibited from using false advertising.这家公司被禁止使用虚假广告。被动句式（2）：译成汉语的被动式 当句中不被动句式（被动句式（2 2）：译成汉语的被动式）：译成汉语的被动式 译为“遭受、遭到、受到、得到、受、挨、叫”。例如：Recently,a driver in Heilongjiang Province was lambasted（抨击）by the public after he intentionally forced an ambulance to pull over（靠边停车）several times.近期，黑龙江省一名司机因多次故意逼停一辆救护车遭到网友抨击。Three Chinese engineers who worked in Turkey were kidnapped by some terrorists on Aug.25,2014.2014年8月25日，在土耳其工作的三名中国工程师遭到了恐怖分子的绑架。被动句式（2）：译成汉语的被动式 译为“遭受、遭到、受到被动句式（被动句式（2 2）：译成汉语的被动式）：译成汉语的被动式 “为所”。例如：This new theory has now been adopted by many scientists who are searching for life in outer space.这一新理论现在已为许多寻找外太空生命的科学家所接纳。In his late thirties,he was almost knocked down in his despondency（失意，意志消沉）of the unsuccessful career.近四十岁时，由于事业上的挫折，他几乎为失意所毁。被动句式（2）：译成汉语的被动式 “为所”。例如：T被动句式（被动句式（3 3）：译成汉语的特殊结构）：译成汉语的特殊结构 译成汉语的“把”或“将”字结构，即“施事者把受事者动词补语”。例如：Goodyear,an American,had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard,nonstick,and yet elastic.一个叫固特异的美国人多年来一直在努力寻找一种方法，把把橡胶做得硬而不粘，而且富有弹性。If a computer can be made complex enough,it can be as creative as human beings.如果能把把电脑造得足够复杂的话，那么电脑就能像人一样富于创造力。被动句式（3）：译成汉语的特殊结构 译成汉语的“把被动句式（被动句式（3 3）：译成汉语的特殊结构）：译成汉语的特殊结构 译成汉语的“是由的”，“是让的”，“是给的”等结构。例如：Most letters from his clients are read to him by the secretary.客户给他写的信，大多数是由秘书念给他听的由秘书念给他听的。Approximately 30%of the food consumed in the world today is produced by horticulturists（园艺师）.当今，全世界消费的食品中，约30%是由园艺师生产的。被动句式（3）：译成汉语的特殊结构 译成汉语的“是由被动句式（被动句式（3 3）：译成汉语的特殊结构）：译成汉语的特殊结构 译成汉语的“予以”，“加以”等结构。例如：Problem of overstaffing should be resolved in good time.人员过剩问题应该及时加以解决。Trade deficits can be controlled if proper measures are taken.如果采用适当措施，贸易赤字是能够予以控制的。The corporate financial affairs will be examined by a special committee.公司财务将由一个特别委员会加以审查。被动句式（3）：译成汉语的特殊结构 译成汉语的“予以”，“ExerciseInfomania（资讯癖）is the debilitating（超负荷的）state of information overload,caused by the combination of a backlog of information to process,and continuous interruptions from technologies like phones,instant messaging,and e-mail.The term“funemployment”（失业快乐族）is defined as the condition of a person who takes advantage of being out of a job to have the time of their life.ExerciseInfomania（资讯癖）is the