英语-介词-ppt课件

什么是介词？它的作用是什么？02Hegoestoschoolbybike（名词）.04Thebookisonthedesk（名词）.Heisinterestedindrawing（动名词）.0301Lookatme（代词).介词(preposition简写prep.)又称作前置词，通常位于名词或代词之前，表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系。什么是介词？它的作用是什么？02Hegoestosch1第五章介词Anita第五章介词Anita2介词的分类和成分作用表示时间的介词表示位置、方位的介词常用“一词多用”介词CONTENTS01020304其他用途的介词05介词的分类和成分作用表示时间的介词表示位置、方位的介词常用“3考点一介词的分类和成分作用PART01考点一PART014介词的分类介词的分类简单介词简单介词短语介词短语介词合成介词合成介词in,on,at,for,by,from,about,with,since,after,before,ago,by,tillwithin,without,inside,outside,into,throughoutbecause of,instead of,look forward to,in spite of,according to,owing to介词的分类简单介词短语介词合成介词in,on,at,f50102030405From the library to the teaching building is 5 minutes walk.主语The book is under the desk.表语They leave in a hurry.状语The apples on the tree taste good.定语 I think everything out of control.补语介词短语的成分作用介词短语的成分作用0102030405Fromthelibraryto6【例】Isawhimwalking_thestreet.A.alongB.fromC.inD.to【正确选项】A【考查内容】介词短语walkalong的用法【答题分析】结合句意“我看见他沿着大街走去。”介词短语walkalong表示“沿着走”，在句子中作状语，可排除B、C、D三项，故选A项。【例】Isawhimwalking_7()Theyfoundthemachine_abadstate.A.inB.atC.onD.toA()Theyfoundthemachine_8考点二常用“一词多用”介词PART02考点二PART02901020304in the car在里面in summer在时候，后接年、月、季节in 2 hours在之后，后接时间段in Chinese用（语言、材料）01020304inthecar在里面insu10010203onthefloor在上面onFriday在时候，后接日期、星期atextbookonthehistoryofChina关于010203onthefloor在上面onFr11010203athome在（后接小地点）at7oclocka.m.在时候，后接时间点atalowprice以(后接速度、价格)010203athome在（后接小地点）at712to run for exercise为了，表目的I once taught Math for 2 years.因为，由于，表原因to cry for pain后接时间段，表动作持续的时间I paid$50 for it.以价格(或支付)；交换；作为的补偿）torunforexercise为了，表目的I13togobythebook根据，依据madebyhand通过（方式、手段）bybike使用（交通工具）Bebackbytenoclock.到为止，在以前ahousebyariver在附近，旁边Imetherbychance.因为，由于bytogobythebook根据，依据mad14from noon to midnight从，后接时间to suffer from a cold遭受遭受，蒙受；经受；体验到，蒙受；经受；体验到(痛苦等痛苦等)从，后接地点to go from London to Paris 由于，由引起fromnoontomidnight从，后接时间15about5oclockastoryaboutlove大约关于about5oclockastoryabout162413和一起Staywithme.带着，表伴随的一种状态enterwithconfidence用工具tostirwithaspoon因为，由于faintwithhunger饿得发晕饿得发晕2413with和一起Staywithme.带着17【例】Theyfought_theirfreedom.A.atB.inC.forD.to【正确选项】C【考查内容】介词for的用法【答题分析】结合句意“他们为了自由而战。”选项中只有介词for可以表示“为了”，故选C项。【例】Theyfought_their18()Iamsorry_whatIsaidtoyou.A.atB.inC.forD.to()Sheissinging_morningtonight.A.fromB.inC.sinceD.afterCA()Iamsorry_what19考点三表示时间的介词PART03考点三PART0320介词用法练习at表示“在某一时刻”，通常放在时间点前atnoon/nightinthe21stcenturyinwinteronJanuary1stin2018inJuneonFridayinthemorningatsevenoclockon表示“在具体的某一天”in表示“在某个世纪、年、季节、月及泛指的上午、下午、晚上”介词用法练习at表示“在某一时刻”，通常放在时间点前at211.Filltheblankswithproperpreposition.onthemorningofOctober1stonarainyafternoononaneveningwithheavysnow当morning、afternoon、evening被其他词所修饰，表示特指的某一天早、中、晚时，前面的介词应用on。1.Filltheblankswithproper222.Translation.下周一我将要去上海。IwillgotoShanghainextMonday.你去年去了巴黎吗？DidyougotoParislastyear?当morning、afternoon、evening、Monday（星期）、January（月份）、year、week等名词前有this、that、last、next等词修饰时，其前面的介词通常省略。2.Translation.当mornin23介词用法for后面常接时间段，表示“一段时间；动作所持续的时间”，多与完成时连用；可用来回答“howlong”发起的提问in后面常接时间段，表示“在之后”，用于将来时态；可用来回答“howsoon”发起的提问since后面常接时间点，表示“自以来（直到现在）”，多与完成时连用after 后面常接时间点，表示“在之后”，多用于过去时介词用法for后面常接时间段，表示“一段时间；动作所持续的时24Howlonghaveyoubeenateacher？（Ihavebeenateacher）For7years.Howsoonwillyoufinishthetask？（Iwillfinishthetask）Inabout2hours.ShehasstudiedinEnglandsince2017.Theystarteddancingafter3oclockp.m.2.for,in,since,after的辨析25介词用法举例before表示“在以前”，用于完成时Hesaidhehadfinishedtheworkthreedaysbefore.Thetrainleavesat8oclock,soyoudbetterbethereby7:50.Theparkisopentill/until5p.m.by表示“在以前，不迟于；到为止”till/until表示“直到为止”3.before,by,till,until的辨析介26ShewatchedTVtill/untilhermothercameback.她看电视直到她母亲回来。（看电视的动作延续到母亲回来才结束）ShedidntwatchTVuntilhermothercameback.直到她母亲回来她才（开始）看电视。（看电视的动作直到她母亲回来才发生）用于肯定句时，主句的动词只用延续性的，它所表示的动作一直延续到till或until表示的时间为止，意为“直到为止”；用于否定句时，一般使用until，意为“直到（才）”。ShewatchedTVtill/untilhe27介词用法举例during表示“在期间，在特定的时间里”，其后的名词前要用定冠词或表示特定意义的代词。Whatdidyoudoduringthewintervacation?Timtreated（对待）（对待）melikehissonthroughtheseyears.through表示“一直，自始至终”4.during,through的辨析介词用法举例dur28【例】JayChou,thefamoussinger,wasborn_January,1979.A.atB.onC.inD.to【正确选项】C【考查内容】时间介词in的用法【答题分析】月份前面用介词in，由表示月份的关键词January，可排除A、B、D三项，故选C项。【例】JayChou,thefamoussinger29()WhenisHenrysbirthdayparty,Lynn?_abouttwooclockintheafternoon.A.InB.AtC.OnD.To()Shehasbeenill_severaldays.A.forB.inC.sinceD.afterBA()WhenisHenrysbirthda30()Hehasntheardfromhisson_lastwinter.A.atB.inC.sinceD.forC()Hehasntheardfromhis31考点四表示位置、方位的介词PART04考点四PART0432NorthWestSouthEastNorthWestSouthEast33oninto表示“A在B里面”表示“A和B相邻（接壤）”表示“A和B不相邻（不接壤）”AliesintheeastofB.AliesonthewestofB.AliestothesouthofB.oninto表示“A在B里面”表示“A和B相邻（接壤）”34BeijingisinthenorthofChina.1.北京在中国的北部。KoreaisonthenortheastofChina.2.朝鲜在中国的东北面。JapanistotheeastofChina.3.日本位于中国的东边。BeijingisinthenorthofChi35表示“在”，后接较大的地点表示“在”，后接较小的地点HelivesatNo.27ZhongshanstreetinWuhan.Illwaitforyouatthebusstop.in表示“在”，后接较大的地点at表示“在”，后接较36belowonunderaboveoverThereisanappleonthetable.ThereisabridgeovertheChangjiangriver.Theysatunderabigappletree,drinking.Abirdflewaboveourheads.Theshipdisappearedbelowthehorizon.belowonunderaboveoverTherei37Abankwasbuiltnearourschool.Sitdownby/besideme.Webothlookeddownatthenewspaperbesidehim.Whostheboystandingnexttoyou?bybesidenearnexttoAbankwas38betweenamongaroundoutsideWhatJackhaddonewasbeyondmycomprehension.Heidentifiedhisbaggageamonghundredsofothers.Therearemanytreesandflowersaroundthehouse.Itfeelscoldoutside.Goinsidethehouse.ThisshipwentbetweenChinaandJapan.insidebeyondbetweenamongaroundoutsideWhat39infrontofinthefrontofbehindThereisacomputerinthefrontoftheclassroom.Ariverflowsinfrontofthehouse.Hesatbehindme.infrontofinthefrontofbe40alongacrossthroughIsawthemrunningtogetheralongtheroadyesterday.Itssomuchsafertogetacrosstheroadwithtrafficlights.Themoonlightpouredinthroughthewindow.alongacrossthroughIsawthem41【例】Twoplanesareflying_thecity.A.throughB.onC.overD.below【正确选项】C【考查内容】方位介词over的用法【答题分析】句意：两架飞机正在城市上方飞翔。through表示“穿过”，强调从内部穿过；on表示“在上面”，表面相互接触；over表示“在正上方”，二者不接触；below表示“在下方，低于”，故选C项。【例】Twoplanesareflying_42()Thestreetistoonarrowforthebustogo_.A.throughB.acrossC.onD.in()Doyouseethekite_thebuilding?A.overB.acrossC.onD.aboveBD()Thestreetistoonarrow43()Tomtoldmehisparentshadarrived_Beijing.A.atB.onC.inD.toC()Tomtoldmehisparentsh44Filltheblankswithproperprepositionsaccordingtothecontextsandpictures.1.Heputthecomputeronthedesk.2.ImetMaryattheschoolgatethismorning.Filltheblankswithproperpr453.Thereisacatunderthetable.4.Hesawmanyhillsandriversbelowtheplane.5.Sheisholdinganumbrellaoverherhead.3.Thereisacatundertheta466.Anairplaneflewabovetheclouds.7.LilysatbetweenJackandTom.8.Amysmileshappilyamongthechildren.6.Anairplaneflewabovethe479.OurEnglishteacherisspeakinginthefrontoftheclassroom.10.Thereisayardinfrontofmywindow.11.Theywalkedacrosstheroadcarefully.9.OurEnglishteacherisspea4812.Thepathgoesthroughtheforest.13.Thestudentsstoodaroundtheteacher.14.Myfamilyoftenhaveawalkalongtheriver.12.Thepathgoesthroughthe49考点五其他用途的介词PART05考点五PART0550介词用法举例except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可理解为“撇开不谈”，表示两部分的不同。Theywereallthereexceptme.besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“除之外(还有)”，表示两部分的相似性。Whatdidyoudotherebesidesfishing?exceptthat后常接句子，而非词或短语。Thisrestauranthasnothingtorecommendexceptthatitscheap.exceptfor表示“除了外；除去，撇开”，但它是在说明基本的情况后，再做细节上的补充。Yourcompositionisgoodexceptforsomeovercolouringhereandthere.介词用法举例except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了51介词用法举例in表示“用”，后接表语言或材料的词汇CanyouspeakinEnglish?Shewroteinpencil.with表示“用工具”，后接表工具的词汇，工具前必须加冠词或物主代词Pleasefillinthisformwithapen.by表示“用”，强调工具或者手段（多用于交通工具），“by+交通工具”中间不能加冠词。Weusuallygotoschoolbybus.on多用于固定词组talkonthephone，onfoot介词用法举例in表示“用”，后接表语言或材料的词汇Can52介词用法举例bemadeof表示“由制成”，从成品仍可看出原料Thischairismadeofwood.bemadefrom表示“由制成”，从成品已看不出原料Paperismadefromwood.介词用法举例bemadeof表示“由制成”，从成品仍53介词用法举例for表示“因为”，词组：befamousforWuhanisfamousforitsdeliciousfood.from表示“由于（外在的原因）”Theproblemsimplyresultedfromadifferenceofopinions.of表示“由于（内在的原因）”Theoldwomanlaughedintotearsofhappiness.with表示“由外在影响到肉体或心理”的原因Heshoutedloudlywithanger.介词用法举例for表示“因为”，词组：befamous54介词用法举例like表示“像一样；如同”HelookslikeFatherChristmas.他长得像圣诞老人。as表示“作为；以的身份”Weselectedhimasourmonitor.我们选他作我们的班长。介词用法举例like表示“像一样；如同”Helooks55介词用法举例against表示“反对”Areyoufororagainsttheplan?你支持还是反对这项计划?for与against相对，表示“赞同，支持”介词用法举例against表示“反对”Areyoufor56with的复合结构with+名词/代词+形容词Shecameintotheroom,withhernoseredbecauseofcold.with+名词/代词+副词Theboystoodtherewithhisheaddown.with+名词/代词+介词短语Theteacherenteredtheclassroomwithabookinhishand.with+名词/代词+非谓语动词Isatinmyroomforafewminuteswithmyeyesfixedontheceiling（天花板）.withwith+名词/代词+形容词Shecamein57【例】_lowercost,hisdesignhasmanyotheradvantages.A.ExceptB.BesideC.BesidesD.Exceptthat【正确选项】C【考查内容】介词besides的用法【答题分析】结合句意：“除成本低之外，他的设计还有许多其他的优点。”besides“除外（还有）”，所搭配的宾语包含在论及事物之内。故选C项。【例】_lowercost,hisdesi58()Moststudentsgotoschooleveryday_SundayandSaturday.A.exceptB.besideC.besidesD.exceptthat()WhatstheTVnews_?TheChineseTeamwonfivegoldmedalsatWorldTableTennisChampionships.A.atB.acrossC.aboveD.aboutAD()Moststudentsgotoscho59()Nowadays,somemobilephonescantakephotos_acamera.A.forB.ofC.likeD.as()Wethinkitimpolite_himtoasktheladyherage.A.forB.of C.likeD.asCB()Nowadays,somemobileph60真题回顾真题回顾611.（2017湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）Itisagoodideatosendtheseclothesandbooks_thechildreninpoorareas.A.toB.byC.atD.forA1.（2017湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）Iti622.（2016湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）Dontworry！Iwillbeback_aminute.AforB.sinceC.inD.afterC2.（2016湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）Dont633.（2015湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）ZhangMincouldntdrawmoney_theATMbecauseheforgotthepin.A.fromB.toC.withD.forA3.（2015湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）Zhang64基础训练基础训练651.Igotane-maillastnight.Itwas_myforeignfriend,Tony.A.inB.onC.atD.from2.StephenoftenpracticesEnglish_chattingwithhisAmericanfriend.A.inB.byC.forD.with3.Marysteacherwassomad_herbecauseshemadetoomanymistakesinthetest.A.atB.inC.onD.aboutDBA1.Igotanemaillastnight.664.Maxalwayschatwithhisfriends_English.A.onB.inC.atD.for5.Oh,itsyou,Jack!Yourvoicesoundsverydifferent_thephone.A.fromB.inC.ofD.on6.Whentheschoolbuildingbegantoshake,theteachersrandownstairs_allthestudents.Theteachersareheroesinmyheart.A.afterB.withC.sinceD.forBDA4.Maxalwayschatwithhisfr677._ateacher,Anitathinksthathermaindutyistohelpthestudentstobecomebetterlearners.A.ByB.AsC.AboutD.for8.Thelittlegirlhelpedtheoldwoman_theroad.A.aboveB.throughC.acrossD.over9.Cocousuallygetsupearly_themorning.A.onB.atC.inD.ofBCC7._ateacher,Anitat6810.Sallyisveryhappy.Thereisabigsmile_herface.A.onB.toC.inD.at11._myopinion,theexperiencesinoneschildhoodwillaffectitscharacter.A.ToB.In C.For D.Among12.TFboysarepopular_theteenagers.A.aroundB.betweenC.duringD.amongABD10.Sallyisveryhappy.There69能力提升能力提升701.Thesuitfittedhimwell_thecolourwasalittledarker.A.exceptforB.exceptthatC.exceptwhenD.besides2.Whatdoyouoftendo_twoclassestorelaxyourself?Listentosomelightmusic.A.overB.amongC.betweenD.through3.Herweddingwas_asunnymorning.A.atB.inC.onD.toBCC1.Thesuitfittedhimwell_714.Howsooncanyoufinishthereadingtask?_halfanhour.A.InB.AtC.ForD.Later5.Theteacherusuallystands_classroom.A.atthefrontofB.inthefrontofC.infrontofD.atfrontof6.Ihavebeenourschool_2016.A.sinceB.forC.inD.agoABA4.Howsooncanyoufinishthe727.Becareful,OK?Lookleftandrightbeforeyougo_thestreet.A.byB.alongC.throughD.across8.Doyouknow?Wine_grapes.A.ismadefromB.ismadebyC.ismadeofD.ismadein9.Ihaveseenhim_butIcantrememberhisnameA.agoB.byC.tillD.beforeDAD7.Becareful,OK?Lookleft7310.DoesJohnknowanyotherforeignlanguage_German？A.exceptB.exceptthatC.besidesD.beside11.Sarahadlearnedmorethan600words_theageofsix.A.byB.aboutC.atD.of12.Doyouknowtheboy_avolleyballinhishand?A.byB.inC.toD.withCAD10.DoesJohnknowanyotherfo74