任务型阅读解题技巧

Task-based Reading 任务型阅读考试内容及要求考试内容及要求 根据所读，用根据所读，用恰当的词恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作关键词的词语转换括关键内容或作关键词的词语转换任务。任务。考纲解读Netshaped diagram图表形式图表形式Treeshaped diagram图表形式图表形式能力测试要求1.关键信息关键信息的的判断和采集判断和采集(collect information)2.原文细节信息的正确理解原文细节信息的正确理解(understand details)3.适当的适当的词性，词性，句型转换句型转换(transform words or sentences)4.正确地使用英语解释英语正确地使用英语解释英语(paraphrase words,phrases or sentenses)5.主旨大意的归纳主旨大意的归纳(conclude the passage or paragraphs)考纲解读1.先表后文，预测文意 “先表后文”是指先读表格，了解表格的内容和要求，再根据表格的要求快速阅读短文，这样便使阅读带有较强的目的性和针对性，从而有助于保证所获取的信息的准确性，同时也节省了阅读的时间，提高了正确做题的速度。答题步骤答题步骤2.寻找出处，对号入座 每个空格的所填内容一般可以从给定的材料中找到出处或依据。根据试题在表格中的顺序确定有效信息句在文章中的大致位置，抓住图表各栏目中所给出的信息词，到文中段落里画出含有这些信息词的相应词句，并标上题号（7180），为下一步答题打下基础。认真阅读材料，要对所划出词句进行整理、分类、加工、延伸，过滤出自己所需的有用信息。注意相关信息的细节问题，注意这些细节的共性或规律，同时结合表格（尤其是表格的表头）的要求，过滤出自己所需的信息。答题步骤3.整合信息整合信息，分析分析归纳归纳 原文词原文词；（即在文章中直接找到）归纳词归纳词（主要出现在表格的表头、行标题或栏标题中）转换转换词词（主要是词性转换）同、同、反义词反义词（主要是同义转换或加否定词的反义转换）释义词释义词（即能解释原文中的词，词组、或句子意思的词）。答题步骤4判断用词，准确表达判断用词，准确表达大小写？表达形式在语法上是否与同横纵栏目一致？横纵栏目内的表达信息是否一致？单词有无拼写错误？尤其检查是否正确运用了名词单复数名词单复数形式；动词动词-ing或或-ed形式；形容词及副词形容词及副词的比较等级形式等。答题步骤5.通观全文，复读检查 答题技巧 原文词归纳词转换词同反义词释义词表原因：表原因：reason(for),cause(of)；表目的：表目的：purpose,aim,goal；表种类：表种类：kind,type,category,style(风格风格)；表方式、方法：表方式、方法：means,way,method，solution,approach；表建议：表建议：advice,suggestion,recommendation,tip；表态度、观点：表态度、观点：attitude,idea,opinion；表用途、功能：表用途、功能：use,usage,function；表意义，重要性，价值：表意义，重要性，价值：significance,importance;value常见的归纳概括词 表意义：重要性，价值：表意义：重要性，价值：significance,importance,value表成败：表成败：success，failure表变化表变化：趋势：趋势：change,trend,tendency,表增加：表增加：rise,increase,decrease;表事件：表事件：incident,event；表内容、项目：表内容、项目：content,item；表描述：表描述：description,appearance,look,shape,color,size,length,width,distance,height,；常见的归纳概括词表定义：表定义：definition；表主题：表主题：topic,theme,subject；表特点，特征：表特点，特征：feature,characteristic,character(性格性格)；表来源，历史：表来源，历史：history,source,origin；表影响，结果：表影响，结果：effect,influence,result,consequence；表措施，行动：表措施，行动：measure,action,activity,behavior；表益处，不利：表益处，不利：benefit,advantage,disadvantage；表步骤：表步骤：step,procedure,process；常见的归纳概括词表便利或不便：表便利或不便：convenience；inconvenience表缺点：表缺点：shortcoming，drawback表概括，总结：表概括，总结：summary,conclusion；表评论、评价：表评论、评价：comment,remark,assessment；表问题：表问题：problem,question,issue；表要求、需求：表要求、需求：demand,need,requirement；表介绍，信息：表介绍，信息：introduction，information；常见的归纳概括词表时间，年代：表时间，年代：date,time,；表年龄，性别：表年龄，性别：age ，sex；表地位表地位,阶层阶层：status ，class (political,economic,social)表职位，状况，条件：表职位，状况，条件：position，situation,condition表家庭，婚姻：表家庭，婚姻：family，marriage；表教育，背景表教育，背景：education，background 表经历，经验：表经历，经验：experience 常见的归纳概括词表学位，资格：表学位，资格：degree，qualification表职业：表职业：work,job,occupation,profession；表成就，贡献：表成就，贡献：achievement，contribution表关系：表关系：relation,relationship；表信仰：表信仰：belief；表情绪表情绪 感觉：感觉：feeling,emotion,motivation(动机动机)；表反应：表反应：response,reaction常见的归纳概括词表人口：表人口：population；表天气，气候：表天气，气候：weather,climate；表方位：表方位：location,position；表资源：表资源：resource；表物质，材料：表物质，材料：substance,material；表经济，产业表经济，产业,农业：农业：economy，industry，agriculture；表科技：表科技：science，technology表交通、运输：表交通、运输：traffic,transportation；常见的归纳概括词 表比例，百分比：表比例，百分比：rate ,percentage；表质量，数量：表质量，数量：quality,quantity,amount,number；表异、同：表异、同：difference,similarity;表设备：表设备：equipment(不可数不可数),facility(可数可数)；表表现象，现象，迹象迹象，症状：，症状：phenomenon，sign,symptom；表灾难，事故：表灾难，事故：disaster,accident,threat；表预防：表预防：prevention,precaution；表治疗：表治疗：treatment,cure；表程度：表程度：degree；常见的归纳概括词 1标题归纳题 1.根据“文章主旨句大多出现在三个位置：文章首文章首段，一段末段，一段末或或二段首，文章末段二段首，文章末段”的特点，可有意识地从上述三个位置找到文章主题句，再加以准确概括，确定语篇标题。2.文中出现的高频率词或词组，往往就是标题。判定归纳概括词的方法 Much of our good health depends on the cooperation Much of our good health depends on the cooperation between substances.When they work together,chemical between substances.When they work together,chemical reactions take place smoothly.Body systems are kept in reactions take place smoothly.Body systems are kept in balance.Some of the most important helpers in the job of balance.Some of the most important helpers in the job of good health are the substances we call vitamins.good health are the substances we call vitamins.Vitamin A is needed to produce a light-sensitive Vitamin A is needed to produce a light-sensitive substance in the eyes.substance in the eyes.Vitamin B-one is also called thiamine.Vitamin B-one is also called thiamine.硫胺硫胺(维生素维生素B1)It B1)It changes starchy(changes starchy(淀粉淀粉)foods into energy.)foods into energy.Vitamin B-twelve is needed so folic(Vitamin B-twelve is needed so folic(叶酸叶酸)acid can do)acid can do its work.its work.Vitamin C is necessary for strong bones and teeth,and Vitamin C is necessary for strong bones and teeth,and for healthy blood vessels(.for healthy blood vessels(.管管)判定归纳概括词的方法Example 1 Title _71_ Vitamins 2段落归纳题 段落归纳概括题常位于表格的左栏，能最大限度段落归纳概括题常位于表格的左栏，能最大限度覆盖相应行、列或单元格的全部信息，常为名词、覆盖相应行、列或单元格的全部信息，常为名词、名词词组或动名词词组或动(名名)词词组。词词组。判定归纳概括词的方法判定归纳概括词的方法Example 271_ 72_ Sources73_ caused by lack of itVitamin AHelping prevent poor sight at nightFish liver oil,yellow part of eggs,darkly colored fruits and vegetablesInability to seeat nightVitamin B-1Helping the74_ systemGrains,beans,nuts,meat and fish good for the 75_work of the heart and nervous system 76_and slow growthVitamin B-12Helping get red blood cells 77_78_ foods like eggs,meat,fish and milk products anemiaVitamin C A 79_for strong bones and teeth and healthy blood vesselsCitrus fruits,tomatoes and uncooked vegetablesNot 80_ Functions KindsProblems 2段落归纳题判定归纳概括词的方法注意注意:有时所填写的概括词不能照抄主题句中的关键词，有时所填写的概括词不能照抄主题句中的关键词，而需根据表达的需要改变关键词的词形或词性，甚至是另而需根据表达的需要改变关键词的词形或词性，甚至是另换一词。换一词。Volunteering does much good to a volunteer.For Volunteering does much good to a volunteer.For example,volunteering offers you chance to develop example,volunteering offers you chance to develop ability,skill and personal strengths.As part of a ability,skill and personal strengths.As part of a volunteer group,you get firstvolunteer group,you get first hand exposure to use and hand exposure to use and learn communication and teamwork dynamics.learn communication and teamwork dynamics._ ofvolunteering Offer you chance to develop ability,skill and personal strengths.Make you use and learn communication and teamwork dynamics判定归纳概括词的方法Example 2Advantages(Benefits)3.根据文中信息词判定概括词根据文中信息词判定概括词根据how判断用ways,tips,methods，solutions,etc.；根据why,because,result in,lead to,be caused by等判断用reasons,causes；根据in short,all in all判断用summary；根据refer to,be,be called判断用definition；根据therefore,thus,so,as a result判断用result,conclusion；根据find,discover判断用findings。判定归纳概括词的方法1转换词性转换词性 需要填写的词不能照抄。即能从文中找到信息句，并转换原词的词性后再填入空格。例如：动词转换为名词，名词转换为动词或形容词，名词或形容词转换为动词等。判定转换词的方法Example Vitamin B-twelve is needed so folic(叶酸叶酸)acid can do its work.Together,they help produce red blood cells.Without them,a person suffers from anemia(贫血贫血).Vitamin B-twelve is found naturally in foods such as eggs,meat,fish and milk products.Vitamin C is necessary for strong bones and teeth,and for healthy blood vessels(.管管)It also helps wounds heal quickly.The body stores very little vitamin C.So we must get it every day in foods such as citrus(柑橘类的柑橘类的)fruits,tomatoes and uncooked cabbage.判定转换词的方法Vitamin B-12Helping get red blood cells 77_78_ foods like eggs,meat,fish and milk productsanemiaVitamin CA 79_ for strong bones and teeth and healthy blood vesselsCitrus fruits,tomatoes and uncooked vegetablesNot mentioned producednaturalnecessity判定转换词的方法2名词所有格名词所有格“s”和和 of所有格所有格及其他表达式之间的转换及其他表达式之间的转换 1).Their fathers word is the law.They have to listen to their _.father 2)The opinions of most scientists are quite different from those of the parents.Most _ opinions are quite different from those of the parents.scientists在考虑转换词时，可以把在考虑转换词时，可以把作后置定语作后置定语的的名词、形容词、分词作前置名词、形容词、分词作前置定语等。定语等。3后置定语、补语等转化为前置定语后置定语、补语等转化为前置定语判定转换词的方法2.They are trying to make living conditions better.1.One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit.They are trying to make _ living conditions.betterA gradual family unit_will be one likely development.change3.Some oils remaining in the crushed seeds can be got by putting more heavy rocks on them.Some_ oil in the seeds can be got by putting more heavy rocks on them.remaining4.将定语从句改为非谓语动词形式作后置定语将定语从句改为非谓语动词形式作后置定语判定转换词的方法1.The reporter is both the primary and the secondary source.But the photographer who works with him/her is still a pramary source.The reporter is both the primary and the secondary source.But the photographer _with him/her is still a pramary source.working2.69%of the people who are involved in the survey are strongly in favor of the holiday proposal.69%of the people_ in the survey are strongly in favor of the holiday proposal.involved Visit your doctor at regular times to find about the progress of your allergies instead of having strict diets every day.判定转换词的方法5.修饰名词的形容词与修饰动词的副词之间的转换修饰名词的形容词与修饰动词的副词之间的转换 See doctors_ to find about the progress of your allergies instead of having diets_ every day.regularly strictly6.句子成分和句子意义的转换句子成分和句子意义的转换判定转换词的方法分析句子成分，注意主被动句子中主语和宾语的转换以及句子意思分析句子成分，注意主被动句子中主语和宾语的转换以及句子意思的转化，的转化，1).You are requested to be present at the club meeting on Friday.Your _ is requested at the club meeting on Friday.presence 2).The suggestion is that you should keep all these rules in mind._ all these rules in mind is suggested.keeping7.句子结构的转换判定转换词的方法 1）Without a sound body,one cannot achieve anything。Nothing can be achieved _one doesnt have a sound boody.if分析句子结构，注意简单句，并列句和复合句之间的转换，确定正分析句子结构，注意简单句，并列句和复合句之间的转换，确定正确的关联词。确的关联词。2)There are signs telling you not to smoke,but people ignore them._there are signs telling you not to smoke,yet people ignore them.Although判定同义词，反义词的方法1.It is often cheaper to buy goods through the Internet.The goods on the Internet are not so_.expensive掌握常用同义词和掌握常用同义词和反反义词，必备的构词法知识和习惯搭配义词，必备的构词法知识和习惯搭配，还有注意加否定词的反义转换。，还有注意加否定词的反义转换。2.This phenomenon has led to a big problem which couldnt be solved in a short period.This phenomenon has _ in a big problem which couldnt be solved in a short period.resulted3.It is impossible for you to finish the task without the teachers guidance.There is no _ that you can finish the task without the teachers guidance.possibility 1.He finally managed to find an apartment near his office.判定释义词的方法从文中找到信息句从文中找到信息句,结合表中空格前后的表达方式，用一个恰当的结合表中空格前后的表达方式，用一个恰当的词解释原文信息句中的词，词组或句子。词解释原文信息句中的词，词组或句子。He finally_ in finding an apartment near his office.succeeded2.The changes have something to do with events that took place over ten years ago.The changes _to events that took place over ten years ago.relate3.Tell us what you are called,where you live and what you do.State your _,_._nameaddressoccupation总总 结结1简洁性原则：根据试题的要求，填入一个最恰当的词，因此必须对所获取的信息进行浓缩、改写，用最恰当的词简洁地表达重要信息。一方面要学会抓关键词，另一方面要学会用不同的表达方式，如词性转换、句子结构的转换和不同的词表达同一个概念。答题原则2.语法形式一致性原则：可以参照前后左右所给出的其他信息的表达形式从而确定需要表达的形式。但要注意横纵栏目内的表达形式在语法上要一致，挖掘出其表达形式的共性，例如，要么都是形容词短语，要么都是名词短语，要么都是动词的ing或ed形式等。答题原则3概括针对性原则：概括性是任务型阅读考查的重点，要求对阅读信息具有较强的综合归纳能力。这种试题主要体现在表格的标题、表格的中行、列的小标题中。解题时要注意以下几点：（1）概括性。要研究本行、列的全部内容，选词要最大限度覆盖本行、列的全部信息的主要内容。（2）针对性。所填的词不能太大或太小、太具体。（3）醒目性。所填的词应具有吸引力。答题原则4.忠于原文原则：答案不唯一，但要忠于原文，即如果能够在原文中找到相关信息表达要点，那么就不宜采用其他同义或近义词来表达该信息词。答题原则5.正确性原则 正确表达是任务型阅读的基本要求。在阅读材料中找出相关信息后，必须仔细研究，做出正确的表达。要避免时态、语态、人称、单复数形式的错误，更不能出现拼写、大小写等低级错误。答题原则PracticeKey to passage 1 71.journey（原文词）72.Options/Choices（归纳词）73.familiar （原文词）74.possible（转换词）75.advanced（原文词）76.motivation（转换词）77.chapters（原文词）78.exchange（释义词）79.recommended（转换词）80.Horror（原文词）Practice Key to passage 2 71.Line（原文词）72.various（转换词）73.Advantages（归纳词）74.convenient（转换词）75.time（释义词）76.wait（释义词）77.easily（转换词）78.expensive（反义词）79.checked（转换词）80.worry（转换词）Practice Key to passage 3 71.full（原文词）72.Benifits/Advantages(归纳词）73.practice（转换词）74.lifestyle（释义词）75.accommodation（原文词）76.lack（释义词）77.expectation（原文词）78.Measures/Actions（归纳词）79.improving/bettering（转换词）80.family（原文词）Practice Key to passage 4 71.Reasons（归纳词）72.instead(释义词）73.increase（原文词）74.investing（转换词）75.Another（归纳词）76.offered（释义词）77.measure（转换词）78.controls（转换词）79.five（归纳词）80.including（释义词）Practice