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初三英语专题复习之 状语从句 望江县古炉初级中学望江县古炉初级中学 陈方水陈方水n n一、概念一、概念n n1.1.定义：在主从复合句中，用于修饰主句中动词、形容词或副定义：在主从复合句中，用于修饰主句中动词、形容词或副n n 词的句子，叫状语从句。词的句子，叫状语从句。n n2.2.类型：状语从句按其在句中的作用分为：时间、地点、原因、类型：状语从句按其在句中的作用分为：时间、地点、原因、n n 目的、结果、条件、方式、让步、比较状语从句九类。目的、结果、条件、方式、让步、比较状语从句九类。n n3.3.位置：由从属连词引导，可位于主句前，亦可位于主句后。位置：由从属连词引导，可位于主句前，亦可位于主句后。n n 位于句首时，用逗号与其后的主句隔开。位于句首时，用逗号与其后的主句隔开。n n二、时间状语从句二、时间状语从句n n 引导时间状语从句的连接词有：引导时间状语从句的连接词有：when,as,while,after,when,as,while,after,n nbefore,since,as soon as,till,untilbefore,since,as soon as,till,until等。要根据连词的等。要根据连词的n n不同意义来推断主句的谓语动词的时态。在时间状语从句中，不同意义来推断主句的谓语动词的时态。在时间状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。n negeg:(1)What(1)What are are you you going to dogoing to do when when you you grow upgrow up?（一一)when,while,as)when,while,as引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句n n 1.when=at the time that“1.when=at the time that“当（在）当（在）时时”，可表示瞬间，可表示瞬间、时间时间段，段，主从句所述动作、事情可同时，也可以有先后。主从句所述动作、事情可同时，也可以有先后。egeg:(2)It(2)It was snowingwas snowing when when we we got togot to the airport.the airport.n n 我们到达机场时，天正在下雪。我们到达机场时，天正在下雪。（同时发生（同时发生)n n (3)He(3)He wentwent home home when when he he had finishedhad finished his homework.his homework.n n 做完作业之后他回家去了。做完作业之后他回家去了。（先后发生）（先后发生）n n2.while=for as long as/during the time that2.while=for as long as/during the time that “正当（正在正当（正在)时时”n n 用于同时进行的两延续性动词相伴随而发生，常对同类的两动用于同时进行的两延续性动词相伴随而发生，常对同类的两动 n n 作进行对比：作进行对比：egeg:(4)Please:(4)Please writewrite whilewhile I I readread.(=during the time that).(=during the time that)我念的时候请写下来。我念的时候请写下来。(5)I(5)I amam safe safe whilewhile I I amam here.(=for as long as)here.(=for as long as)只要我在这儿，我就安全。只要我在这儿，我就安全。(6)Some students(6)Some students were readingwere reading whilewhile others others were writing.were writing.有些学生在读，而有些学生在写。有些学生在读，而有些学生在写。（进行对比）（进行对比）3.as=at the same time“3.as=at the same time“当当时时”n n (1)(1)不指先后，而指并相发生，尤指短动作或事件同时发生不指先后，而指并相发生，尤指短动作或事件同时发生.n n egeg:(7)(7)AsAs I I lookedlooked,some one,some one camecame near.near.n n 正当我看时，有个人走上前来。正当我看时，有个人走上前来。n n (2)(2)说明两种正在发展或变化的情况说明两种正在发展或变化的情况.n n egeg:(8)(8)AsAs I I get olderget older I I get more optimisticget more optimistic.n n 我越活越乐观。我越活越乐观。n n as/when/whileas/when/while均可引导时间较长的均可引导时间较长的“背景背景”情况：情况：n n egeg:(:(9)9)As(When/While)As(When/While)I was walking down the street I was walking down the street，I I noticed a police car noticed a police car n n in front of Number 37.in front of Number 37.n n 我顺着马路往前走，发现我顺着马路往前走，发现3737号门前停着一辆警车。号门前停着一辆警车。（二）（二）beforebefore引导的时间状语从句通常表示主句的动作发生在从句引导的时间状语从句通常表示主句的动作发生在从句 的动作之前，之后用的动作之前，之后用after.after.egeg:(:(10)Please turn off the light 10)Please turn off the light beforebefore you leave the room.you leave the room.请你在离开房间之前把灯关掉。请你在离开房间之前把灯关掉。(11)You can watch TV(11)You can watch TV afterafter you finish homework.you finish homework.做完作业之后，你可以看一下电视。做完作业之后，你可以看一下电视。n n （三）（三）until/tilluntil/till 均表示主句的谓语动词（延续性动词）一直延续到均表示主句的谓语动词（延续性动词）一直延续到 until/tilluntil/till 所表示的时间为止。所表示的时间为止。1.1.肯定句中，二者可以通用。肯定句中，二者可以通用。egeg:(12)You may stay here(12)You may stay here until/till until/till the rain stops.the rain stops.你可以在这儿呆到雨停。你可以在这儿呆到雨停。2.2.否定句中，表示主句的谓语动词（非延续性动词）直到否定句中，表示主句的谓语动词（非延续性动词）直到untiluntil所所 表示的时间才发生。构成句式表示的时间才发生。构成句式 notnot.untiluntil，有时不用，有时不用notnot，也也 可以用如可以用如never,nothing never,nothing 等表示否定的词。这里不能用等表示否定的词。这里不能用 tilltill。egeg:(13)He :(13)He didntdidnt go to bed go to bed until until he had finished his work.he had finished his work.他直到完成工作才去睡觉。他直到完成工作才去睡觉。3.till 3.till 不用于句首，也不可用于强调句。不用于句首，也不可用于强调句。egeg:(14):(14)UntilUntil he joined the army,he worked in that factory.he joined the army,he worked in that factory.他在那家工厂上班直到参军。他在那家工厂上班直到参军。(15)(15)UntilUntil he told me,I knew Tom had been ill for a week.he told me,I knew Tom had been ill for a week.知道他告诉我，我才知道汤姆病了一个星期了。知道他告诉我，我才知道汤姆病了一个星期了。（四）（四）since since 引导的时间状语从句，表示引导的时间状语从句，表示“自自以来以来”，主句用现，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。在完成时，从句用一般过去时。egeg:(16)I:(16)I have workedhave worked in this company since I in this company since I graduatedgraduated from from college.college.我从大学毕业后，一直在这家公司上班。我从大学毕业后，一直在这家公司上班。（五）（五）as soon asas soon as引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，意为随即就发生，意为“一一就就”。这类从句中，经常用一般现在。这类从句中，经常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。时代替一般将来时。egeg:(17):(17)As soon asAs soon as he he arrivesarrives,Ill tell him.,Ill tell him.他一到，我就告诉他。他一到，我就告诉他。三、地点状语从句三、地点状语从句 地点状语从句由地点状语从句由 where,wherever where,wherever 引导。引导。egeg:(18):(18)Where Where there is a will,there is a way.there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。有志者，事竟成。四、原因状语从句四、原因状语从句 表示理由或原因的状语从句，常用连词表示理由或原因的状语从句，常用连词 because,sincebecause,since和和 asas。这三。这三个词所表达的语气由个词所表达的语气由 because because 到到 as as 逐渐减弱。由逐渐减弱。由 why why 提出问题用提出问题用 because because 回答。回答。n n egeg:(19)I lent him my bike:(19)I lent him my bike becausebecause he needed it.he needed it.n n 我把我的自行车借给了他，因为他需要我把我的自行车借给了他，因为他需要。n n (20)Lets begin our meeting(20)Lets begin our meeting sincesince everybody is here.everybody is here.n n 既然大家都到齐了，咱们就开始开会吧。既然大家都到齐了，咱们就开始开会吧。五、目的状语从句五、目的状语从句 （一）引导目的状语的词或词组有：（一）引导目的状语的词或词组有：so that,so,in order thatso that,so,in order that等等,谓谓语含有语含有may,might,can,could,will,wouldmay,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词。等情态动词。egeg:(21)He must get up early:(21)He must get up early so thatso that he he cancan catch the first bus.catch the first bus.他必须早点起床以便赶上第一班车。他必须早点起床以便赶上第一班车。（二）当从句与主句主语一致时，可用（二）当从句与主句主语一致时，可用 so as to,in order to.so as to,in order to.egeg:(22)He worked day and night:(22)He worked day and night in order thatin order that he he couldcould succeed.succeed.=He worked day and night =He worked day and night in order toin order to succeed.succeed.他日夜工作想要获得成功。他日夜工作想要获得成功。六、结果状语从句六、结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的词或词组有：引导结果状语从句的词或词组有：so,so that,sothat,so,so that,sothat,suchthat.suchthat.n n egeg:(23)The question is:(23)The question is soso hard hard thatthat I cant work it out.I cant work it out.n n =The question is =The question is _ hard for me hard for me _ _work it out.work it out.n n =The question is _ easy _ for me =The question is _ easy _ for me _ _work it out.work it out.n n 这道题如此难以至于我没做出来。这道题如此难以至于我没做出来。七、条件状语从句七、条件状语从句 （一）条件状语从句通常由（一）条件状语从句通常由 if if（假如），（假如），as long asas long as（只要）（只要）,unless,unless （除非）来引导，主句为祈使句、一般将来时、或有情态动词时（除非）来引导，主句为祈使句、一般将来时、或有情态动词时 从句用一般现在时。从句用一般现在时。egeg:(24)You will not pass the exam:(24)You will not pass the exam unlessunless you study hard.you study hard.=_you dont study,you wont pass the exam.=_you dont study,you wont pass the exam.=Study hard,_ you wont pass the =Study hard,_ you wont pass the eaxmeaxm.除非你努力学习，否则你将不能通过考试。除非你努力学习，否则你将不能通过考试。（二）如果（二）如果 if if引导的条件状语从句所表达的前提或条件将来可以实引导的条件状语从句所表达的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行，动词要用现在完成时或进行时，主句通常用将来现或正在进行，动词要用现在完成时或进行时，主句通常用将来时。时。tootonotenoughtoIf Iforn n egeg:(25)Ill show you how to do it if I have finished the book.:(25)Ill show you how to do it if I have finished the book.n n 如果我读完了这本书，我就告诉你怎么做。如果我读完了这本书，我就告诉你怎么做。（三）（三）“祈使句祈使句 +and/or/or else”+and/or/or else”引导的结果状语从句，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语引导的结果状语从句，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。从句。egeg:(26)Use your head,and youll find a way.:(26)Use your head,and youll find a way.=_ you use your head,youll find a way.=_ you use your head,youll find a way.动动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。动动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。八、方式状语从句八、方式状语从句 方式状语从句用以描述主句动作的方式，通常由方式状语从句用以描述主句动作的方式，通常由 asas（按照），（按照），as if/as thoughas if/as though（好像）等引导。（好像）等引导。egeg:(27)I will do it:(27)I will do it asas you tell me.you tell me.我将按照你告诉我的去做。我将按照你告诉我的去做。九、让步状语从句九、让步状语从句 让步状语从句表示某种与主句相反的条件或情况，但从句所表让步状语从句表示某种与主句相反的条件或情况，但从句所表示的这些不利因素并不能阻止主句动作的发生，在相反的条件下，示的这些不利因素并不能阻止主句动作的发生，在相反的条件下，主句的情况依然存在。主句的情况依然存在。让步状语从句的引导词有：让步状语从句的引导词有：though/although(though/although(虽然）虽然）,even though,even though（尽管），（尽管），Whoever/no matter who(Whoever/no matter who(无论谁）无论谁）,however/no matter how,however/no matter how（无论怎样）（无论怎样）,whatever/,whatever/no matter whatno matter what（无论什么）（无论什么）,Wherever/no matter where,Wherever/no matter where（无论哪里）（无论哪里）,whenever/,whenever/no matter when no matter when（无论何时）和（无论何时）和 asas（虽然）等，但主句不能再用（虽然）等，但主句不能再用 butbut。egeg:(28)He didnt turn on the lights,:(28)He didnt turn on the lights,though though it was dark outside.it was dark outside.虽然里面很暗，但他没有开灯。虽然里面很暗，但他没有开灯。Ifn n十、比较状语从句十、比较状语从句n n 比较状语从句常用的从属连词为比较状语从句常用的从属连词为 asasasas（和（和一样）一样）,n nnot as/soas not as/soas（和（和不一样）不一样）,than,than（比）（比）,the morethe more,the morethe more （越（越越）越）egeg:(29)Jim is:(29)Jim is asas tall tall asas me/I am.me/I am.(30)She does (30)She doesntnt speak English speak English as/soas/so well well asas Mary(does).Mary(does).=She speaks English _ than Mary(does).=She speaks English _ than Mary(does).=Mary speaks English _ than her/she does.=Mary speaks English _ than her/she does.(31)The _(much)you practice English,the _(well)(31)The _(much)you practice English,the _(well)you learn it.you learn it.ExercisesExercises()1.I have been collecting coins _ I was 11 years old.()1.I have been collecting coins _ I was 11 years old.A.for B.since C.when D.after A.for B.since C.when D.after()2.He worked _ hard _ he passed the exam.()2.He worked _ hard _ he passed the exam.A.such,that B.so,that C.as,as D.too,to A.such,that B.so,that C.as,as D.too,toworsebettermorebetterBB ()3.Is Jim at school today?()3.Is Jim at school today?-Yes,_ he has a bad cold.-Yes,_ he has a bad cold.A.because B.so C.though D.as A.because B.so C.though D.as()4.Over 400 million people have visited Disneyland parks around the()4.Over 400 million people have visited Disneyland parks around the world _ American Disneyland opened in July 1995.world _ American Disneyland opened in July 1995.A.after B.before C.till D.since A.after B.before C.till D.since()5.James with the Greens _ the White Tower Park if it _()5.James with the Greens _ the White Tower Park if it _ tomorrow.tomorrow.A.are going to,isnt rainy B.are going to,doesnt rain A.are going to,isnt rainy B.are going to,doesnt rain C.is going to,wont rain D.is going to,isnt rainy C.is going to,wont rain D.is going to,isnt rainy()6.I wonder if it _ tomorrow.If it _,Ill go hiking with Jim.()6.I wonder if it _ tomorrow.If it _,Ill go hiking with Jim.A.will rain,wont rain B.rains,wont rain A.will rain,wont rain B.rains,wont rain C.will rain,doesnt rain D.rains,doesnt rain C.will rain,doesnt rain D.rains,doesnt rain()7.He got up early this morning _ he could catch the early bus.()7.He got up early this morning _ he could catch the early bus.A.so B.in order that C.though D.in order to A.so B.in order that C.though D.in order toCDDCB
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