定语从句复习--李雅萍

(定语从句定语从句)Which baby is Jack?穿红裤子的baby是Jack。The baby is Jack.The baby is Jack.whose trousers are redwho is wearing red trousersJackWhich house is mine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy houseThe Attributive ClauseA clause is a part of a sentence.The Attributive Clause tells us which person or thing(or what kind of person or thing)the speaker means.e.g.The woman who lives next door is a teacher.nWhich woman is a teacher?nThe woman who lives next door is a teacher.1.The woman is a teacher.2.The woman lives next door.Look at the following phrases which describe certain types of people.Match and combine them into sentences using the Attributive Clause.Are you one of them?What kind of person are you?A bookwormA couch potatoA sports fanA workaholicloves to play or watch.likes reading very much.Often works very hard.spends a lot of time watching TV.1.A bookworm is someone who likes reading very much.2.A couch potato is someone who spends a lot of time watching TV.3.A sports fan is someone who loves to play or watch sports.4.A workaholic is someone who often works very hard.A bookwormA couch potatoA sports fanA workaholicloves to play or watch.qlikes reading very much.Often works very hard.spends a lot of time watching TV.The attributive clauseTalking about people1.She looked at Jeff who was waving his arms.2.Do you know the boy whose parents are on holiday?Talking about things1.The story that you read is“The Rescue”.2.And there she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.The Attributive Clause（定语从句）（定语从句）n在复句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。在复句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。n定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。n学习定语从句的关键是如何选择关联词学习定语从句的关键是如何选择关联词。n由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从句中充当一个成分，因此，句中充当一个成分，因此，要正确判断关系代词在从要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。关系代词关系代词:1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语(作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I nodded to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.3.which 指物，作主语或宾语指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省作宾语可省 略略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?4.that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine.It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man.I told you about him.He is the man(that)I told you about.(1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is very famous who in the world.whom that(2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new.which (3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.who whom This is the best film that I have ever seen.Fill in the blanks with who,whom,that,or which.1 The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2 We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.3 The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.4 A house _ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.5Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.6 people _ study earthquakes thinks that there will be another big one soon.which/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwho/whomwhon在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：1 1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从句中充当一个成分，因此，句中充当一个成分，因此，要正确判断关系代词在从要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。2 2 当先行词指人时，关系代词可用当先行词指人时，关系代词可用whowho（做主语，宾语），（做主语，宾语），thatthat（做主语，宾语），（做主语，宾语），whomwhom（作宾语），（作宾语），whosewhose（作（作定语）定语）3 3 当先行词指物时，关系代词可用当先行词指物时，关系代词可用thatthat（做主语，宾语），（做主语，宾语），whichwhich（做主语，宾语）（做主语，宾语）4 4 再定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词长可省略，但在介词再定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词长可省略，但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用whomwhom，指物时，介词后只用指物时，介词后只用whichwhich。5 5 在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用whowho，指物时，指物时，只用只用whichwhich。Unit4 Grammar(定语从句定语从句)n在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：1 1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，有在从由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，有在从句中充当一个成分，因此，句中充当一个成分，因此，要正确判断关系代词在从要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。2 2 当先行词指人时，关系代词可用当先行词指人时，关系代词可用whowho（做主语，宾语），（做主语，宾语），thatthat（做主语，宾语），（做主语，宾语），whomwhom（作宾语），（作宾语），whosewhose（作（作定语）定语）3 3 当先行词指物时，关系代词可用当先行词指物时，关系代词可用thatthat（做主语，宾语），（做主语，宾语），whichwhich（做主语，宾语）（做主语，宾语）4 4 再定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词长可省略，但在介词再定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词长可省略，但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用，指物后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用，指物时，介词后只用。时，介词后只用。5 5 在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用whowho，指物时，指物时，只用只用whichwhich。当先行词指人时，关系代词可用当先行词指人时，关系代词可用whowho（做主语，宾语），（做主语，宾语），thatthat（做主语，宾语），（做主语，宾语），whomwhom（作宾语），（作宾语），whosewhose（作定语）（作定语）Talking about people1 She looked at Jeff who/that was waving his arms.2 Do you know the boy whose parents are on holiday?3 Is this the boy whom you spoke to just now?当先行词指物时，关系代词可用当先行词指物时，关系代词可用thatthat（做主语，（做主语，宾语），宾语），whichwhich（做主语，宾语）（做主语，宾语）Talking about things1 The story that/which you read is“The Rescue”.2 And there she saw a wall of water that/which was quickly advancing towards her.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.如果介词提前，作宾语的关系代词不能省略如果介词提前，作宾语的关系代词不能省略n指物，只用指物，只用 whichn指人指人,只用只用whomIs this the library from which you borrow books?Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?The man(whom/who)I nodded to is Mr.Li.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：My sisterMy sister,who is twenty,works in works in a bank.a bank.The man The man who came here yesterday has has come e again.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。写时往往逗号分开。在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用whowho，指物时，只用，指物时，只用whichwhich。nShe looked at Jeff,who was waving his arms.nFootball,which is a very interesting game,is loved by most people in the world.whose 在定语从句中作在定语从句中作定语定语，表示引导词，表示引导词与与 whose 后的后的名词为所属关系名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。互换使用。Whose is used instead for his/her/their/its.This is the book This is the book whose cover is blue.cover is blue.This is the book This is the book of which the cover is blue.the cover is blue.Fill in the blanks with who,whom,whose that,or which.1 I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2 Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3 The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.4 Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.whowhich/thatwhoseWhich/thatFill in the blanks with who,whom,whose that,or which.5 The family _ Im staying with lives in town.6 I know the student _ article was published.7 Betty,_ has never been abroad,is studying English very well.8 My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old.9 The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.thatwhosewhowhich/thatwhomThe road The road which/thatwhich/that was destroyed in the was destroyed in the earthquakeearthquake has now been built stronger.has now been built stronger.The road was destroyed in the earthquake.It has now been built stronger.ItThe soldier have saved the peopleThe soldier have saved the peopleWhom/thatWhom/that were in danger.were in danger.The people were in danger.The soldiers have saved them.themThe waiter The waiter who/thatwho/that served us tea served us tea was was very friendly and polite.very friendly and polite.The waiter was very friendly and polite.He served us tea.HeA dictionary is a book A dictionary is a book which/thatwhich/that you can you can use to learn more wordsuse to learn more words.A dictionary is a book.You can use it to learn more words.itXiao Ming works in a shop which/thatsells photo cameras.Xiao Ming works in a shop.The shop sells photo cameras.What was the name of the farmer?He discovered the tomb of Qin Shi Huang.What was the name of the farmer who/that discovered the tomb of Qin Shi Huang.I like treavelling to places which/that are very beautiful.I really like travelling.I like beautiful places.The bus goes to the airport.It runs every half hour.The bus which/that goes to the airportruns every half hour.when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Ill never forget the day Ill never forget the day whenwhen I joined the league.I joined the league.on whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。This is the house This is the house wherewhere I lived two years ago.I lived two years ago.in which=why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词介词for+for+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Do you know the reason Do you know the reason whywhy she was late.she was late.for which=定语从句中的关系副词定语从句的关系副词有：定语从句的关系副词有：where,when,why关系副词关系副词where:当先行词在定语从句中做地点当先行词在定语从句中做地点状语时，状语时，关系词选择关系词选择 where或或prep+which。He took me into a room where some old books were stored.Some old books were stored in the room.He took me into a room in which some old books were stored.He took me into a room which/that/some old books were stored in.The city lies at the spot where the two railways join.The two railways join at the spot.The city lies at the spot at which the two railways join.The city lies at the spot which the two railways join at.关系副词关系副词when当先行词在定语从句中做时间状语当先行词在定语从句中做时间状语时，时，关系词选关系词选when,或或prep+which.The day when I first met him was April 1.The day was April 1.I first met him on the day.The day on which I first met him was April 1.关系副词why当先行词在定语从句中做原因状当先行词在定语从句中做原因状语时，语时，关系词选择关系词选择 why或或prep+which。Do you know the reason why he was late?Do you know the reason for which he was late?注意：先行词的意义不能决定关系注意：先行词的意义不能决定关系词的选择，词的选择，而是先行词在定语从而是先行词在定语从句中所做的成分。如果先行词在定句中所做的成分。如果先行词在定语从句中做的是名词性成分，语从句中做的是名词性成分，即即主语，宾语，主语，宾语，表语，表语，则选择关系则选择关系代词代词；先行词在定语从句中做的；先行词在定语从句中做的是副词性成分，是副词性成分，即状语，即状语，则选择则选择关系副词关系副词。The day that I can hardly forget is the day when I first met him.I can hardly forget the day.I first met him on the day.非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句是制定语从句的非限定性定语从句是制定语从句的先行词和关系词由逗号分开的情况。先行词和关系词由逗号分开的情况。在这种情况下，不论先行词在定语在这种情况下，不论先行词在定语从句中做什么成分，关系词都不能从句中做什么成分，关系词都不能省略。另外，省略。另外，that不能引导非限定不能引导非限定性定语从句。性定语从句。The family,who live upstairs,are fond of music.His mother,whom he loved deeply,died in 1875.The meeting,which was held in the park,was a success.He decided to find a place,where he could hide himself if enemy came.In the old days,when I was a small boy,the city had no industry to speak of.There were a lot of books here,none of which was mine.China has a lot of writers,one of whom is Lunxun.He mentioned a book,the title of which I didnt remember.Which 和和as 在引导非限定性定语从在引导非限定性定语从句时可以指代一件事，句时可以指代一件事，如：如：The gentleman admired Mrs.Brown,which surprised me.As we had expected,his performance was excellent.在这时在这时as可以在句首，可以在句首，which 不可不可以；以；as 有正如的意思，有正如的意思，而而which 没没有。有。注意：注意：无论是在限定性定语从无论是在限定性定语从句还是非限定性定语从句中，句还是非限定性定语从句中，代替先行词含义的代词一定不代替先行词含义的代词一定不能出现在从句中。能出现在从句中。1.Then the great day came _ he was to march past the palace in the parade.A.where B.when C.since D.till2.He made another wonderful discovery,_ of great importance.A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think which is 3._ is mentioned above,the number of students in senior high schools is increasing.A.Which B.As C.That D.What4.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it 5.In that supermarket on sale is a new type of computer,_ makes it attractive to the students from poor family.A.which B.whose cheap price C.what D.the low price of which6.“Who Moved My Cheese?”,_ is a best-selling book,is written by Spencer Johnson.A.that B.which C.it D.what7.Recently my father bought a Chinese painting,_ was very reasonable.A.the price of whose B.which price C.the price of which D.it price8.Mr.Green questioned his son,_ he learned how to play with it.A.who B.of whom C.from whom D.that9.We are living in an age_ many things are done on computer.A.which B.that C.whose D.when10.Alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A.with him B.who C.with whom D.whom11.Can you think out a situation _ this idiom can be used?A.which B.that C.where D.with which12.He seldom finishes his work on time,_ always makes his boss very angry.A.that B.as C.which D what13.We will be shown around the city,schools and museum,_ other visitors seldom go.A.what B.which C.where D.when14.The story brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in the village.A.until B.which C.during which D.where15.Which is the restaurant _ you once worked in your spare time?A.which B.in which C.for which D.in where16.Helen is much more kind to her youngest child than to the others,_ of course,makes others unhappy.A.which B.who C.that D.she 17.York,_ last year,is a nice old city.A.that I visited B.which I visited C.where I visited D.in which I visited18.The old lady,_ had been killed in the war,was given help by the local government.A.all her children B.all of her children C.all of whose children D.whose all children19.How animals can sleep all through the winter is connected with the main use _ the body makes of food to supply the energy for movement.A.what B.that C.how D.as20.Only those _ knew well could be let in.A.who B.that C.what D.he