表语从句和同位语从句

表语从句和同位语从句表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句Appositive（同位语）（同位语）Clause（从句）Subject（主语）（主语）Object（宾语）（宾语）Predicative（表语）（表语）Revision 表语从句表语从句什么是表语？什么是表语？表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、表语常由名词、_、_、_、不定式、动词、不定式、动词的的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于、从句来充当，它常位于系动词系动词（be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。等词）之后。1.Africa is a big continent.2.The patient is out of danger.3.The sun is up.4.The egg smells smelly.5.Her job is selling computers.6.The baby seems to be asleep.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语形容词形容词副词副词介词短语介词短语观察下列句子中表语从句的用法，然后加以总结(1).My hometown is no longer what she used to be.(2).The boy has remained where you stood this morning for an hour.(3).The truth is that everyone should take care of disabled people,not just the government.(4).The question is whether your uncle will offer help to us.(5).The question is who did it yesterday.(6).Bruce did not watch the game last night.That was because he had to help his little sister with her homework.(7).He had seen the film before.That was why he did not see it last night.(8).My suggestion is that we should offer help to him.(9).My suggestion is when they will start the project.(10).The reason why he was absent from work was that he was seriously ill.幻灯片幻灯片 6【总结】：可接表语从句的词除系动词_外，还有appear,become,look,get,grow,remain,seem,sound,turn等连系动词。表语从句一定要用_语序。在advice,suggestion,order,proposal等表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语需用“_+动词原形”，_可省略，如第8句。that和what在引导表语从句时，作用和意义都不相同。_本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，如第3句和第8句。_则表示“所的（人或事）”，在表语从句中充当主语或宾语等，如第1句。if不可引导表语从句，但_可引导表语从句（as if也可引导也可表语从句）如第4句That is because指原因或理由：That is_.则指由某种原因所造成的后果，但是在表语从句中，当reason作主语时，表语从句的引导词只能用_，不能用because如第6句、第7句和第10句。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever和连词副词where，when，how，why也可以引导表语从句，如第1句、第2句，第5句、第7句和第9句。PPT5be陈述陈述shouldthatwhatwhetherwhythatshould(1).The little girl who got lost decided to remain_she was and wait for her mother.A where B.what C.when D.who(2).The last time we had great fun was_we were visiting the water park.Awhere B.how C.when D.why(3).Why not try your luck downtown,Mary?Thats _the best jobs are.A.where B.what C.when D.why(4).The traditional view is_we sleep because our brain is“programmed”to make us do so.A.when B.why C.whether Dthat(5).See the flags on top of the building?That was _we did this moring.A.When B.Which C.where D.that【高考链接】从【高考链接】从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。2.2.位置：位置：系动词系动词后后3.3.引导词：引导词：4.4.语序：语序：陈述句语序陈述句语序根据成分和意义确定根据成分和意义确定缺什么填什么；不缺填缺什么填什么；不缺填thatthat 1.1.定义：定义：充当表语的从句充当表语的从句The question is who the man is.一、表语从句一、表语从句5.表语从句的构成：表语从句的构成：(系动词系动词)+引导词引导词+简单句简单句1）that-不能省略不能省略ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress._ 引导表语从句的引导表语从句的引导词引导词有以下几类：有以下几类：二二.引导表语从句的关联词引导表语从句的关联词 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了 2）whether当表语从句为不确定的语气时用当表语从句为不确定的语气时用whether来来引导。引导。My question is whether he left(or not)._我的问题是他是否离开了我的问题是他是否离开了注：注：if 不能引导表语从句。不能引导表语从句。3）wh-疑问词疑问词（who/where/how.）当表语从句为疑问的语气时，用当表语从句为疑问的语气时，用wh-疑问词来引导，疑问词来引导，要注意从句的语序为要注意从句的语序为陈述语序陈述语序。1.My question is who left._2.Thats what he wants._3.This is where they once lived._4.That is why he didnt come here._那是他想要的。那是他想要的。这就是他们曾经住过的地方这就是他们曾经住过的地方这就是他为何没到这儿来的原因这就是他为何没到这儿来的原因我想问的是谁离开了我想问的是谁离开了4）because，as，as if，as thoughIts just because he doesnt know her.这是仅仅因为他不认识她。这是仅仅因为他不认识她。Things are not always as they seem to be.事物并不总是如其表象。事物并不总是如其表象。He looks as if hes tired.他好像累了。他好像累了。1.Thequestionis_wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2Thereasonwhyhefailedis_hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3.Goandgetyourcoat.Its_youleftitA.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere巩固练习巩固练习4Theproblemis_totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget5.WhatIwanttoknowis_helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.that B.ifC.whether D.不填6.Thereasonis_Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what7.Thatis_wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what8.Shelooked_sheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough9.Ifellsick!-Ithinkitis_youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because10.Thereasonwhyhehasntcomeis_.A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismothersbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill11.Hewasbornhere.-Thatis_helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how12.Thatis_LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.whythat/what的区别的区别1_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you B.That；how you are C.How；that you are D.What；how you are2.The trouble is_we are short of tools.A.what B.that C.how D.why 3.America was _was first called“India”by Columbus.A.what B.where C.the place D.there总结：表语从句中that和what的区别That在表语从句中，不充当句子成分，what除了充当引导词还在从句中充当一定的成分。Part2NotesNotes一、一、同位语从句的概念同位语从句的概念二、二、同位语从句的引导词同位语从句的引导词三、三、其后常用同位语从句的名词其后常用同位语从句的名词四、四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别 同位语从句，即从句在句中作主语或宾语的同同位语从句，即从句在句中作主语或宾语的同位语，是对句子主语或宾语的解释、说明。位语，是对句子主语或宾语的解释、说明。e.g.We heard e.g.We heard the newsthe news that our teamthat our team had won.had won.The factThe fact that the transport of that the transport of the goods costs too much the goods costs too much was not was not discussed.discussed.Sydney kept Sydney kept his promisehis promise that he would that he wouldalways do anything he could for Luciealways do anything he could for Lucieto make sure of her happiness.to make sure of her happiness.同位语从句的引导词常用同位语从句的引导词常用that,wh-,howthat,wh-,how等。等。e.g.e.g.I have no idea when he will be back.how he can get the treasure.where the concert will be hold.who can finish the work.why it happened.which pen is mine.what we should do next.whom they are talking about.whether itll rain tomorrow.that our football team won the game.其后常用同位语从句的名词主要是抽象名词，如：其后常用同位语从句的名词主要是抽象名词，如：belief,doubt,fact,hope,idea,news,belief,doubt,fact,hope,idea,news,possibility,thought,message,problem,possibility,thought,message,problem,promise,promise,等等。等等。同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别一、比较：一、比较：The suggestion that we discuss the problem The suggestion that we discuss the problem all over again is a good one.all over again is a good one.同位语从句：同位语从句：定语从句定语从句:The suggestion that he gave at the meetingThe suggestion that he gave at the meetingwas a good one.was a good one.What is the suggestion?The suggestion is that we discuss the problem all over again.Which suggestion was a good one?The suggestion that he gave at the meeting.二、区别二、区别1 1、同位语从句是对前面的名词作进一步解释、同位语从句是对前面的名词作进一步解释、说明它是什么、是谁；说明它是什么、是谁；thatthat不充当句子成份。不充当句子成份。2 2、定语从句是修饰前面的先行词；定语从句是修饰前面的先行词；thatthat在句在句中充当主语或宾语，有实际意义。中充当主语或宾语，有实际意义。巩固性练习：1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability.A.that B.what C.which D.why 3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what B.that C.why D.when 4.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./D.it 5.I have no idea _ he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./6.Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow.A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease.A.that B.as C.of which D.which 10.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A.whether B.where C.that D.when