新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册Unit8

新视野大学英语第三版读新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册写教程第二册Unit8Unit8Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty.Albert Einstein28UNITI am in favor of animal rights as well as human rights.That is the way of a whole human being.Abraham LincolnSectionA28Human rights vs.animal rightsUNITAnimals or children?A scientists choice ObjectivesObjectivesTo talk about animal researchTo further understand the textTo apply the phrases and patternsTo master the essay writing skillContentsWarming-up activities Text study Language application SummaryAnimals or children?A scientists choiceAnimals or children?A scientists choiceSection A Warming-up activitiesLead-inLead-inPre-reading activitiesPre-reading activitiesCultural backgroundCultural backgroundAnimals or children?A scientists choiceAnimals or children?A scientists choiceSection A 1.Did you have a pet before?How did you treat your pet?As your best friend and family memberTake good care of them even they were sickNever abandoned or ignored when they are getting older Shortanswerquestions2.Should animals be treated in the same way as human beings?Should scientific experiments use animals to develop medicines to help and heal human beings?What do you think about the experiments on animals?Cursed,cruel and non-humanitarian experiment To help and heal human beingsTo help people get rid of painTo develop the medical researchShortanswerquestions1.How did the American treat animals?2.What is PETA?Listen to a talk about animal protection anddiscussthequestions.1.How did the American treat animals?To spend thousands of millions of dollars every year;On animal food,health care,equipment and toys;Care so deeply for them;Brave the disaster to stay with themAnimal welfare organizations provide services2.What is PETA?An animal rights organization;For the ethical treatment of animals;The headquarters in Norfolk,Virginia;To save and improve the lives of millions of animals;The largest animal rights group in the worldThis is the VOA Special English Education Report.Listentoashortpassageconcerninganimalmedicalresearchandfillinthemissinginformation.TobecontinuedPETA disapproves of the use of animals for _.But many research scientists say this position could prevent development of treatments and cures for serious and _.medicalresearchdeadlydiseasesTobecontinued Wesley Smith is a lawyer allied with the Discovery Institute,a _educational group.He has written extensively about science and _.Mister Smith points to the Silver Spring Monkey Case as an example of _ policy.Last year,he wrote on the subject for the online publication of the National Review.His article was called A Monkey for Your Grandmother.Listentoashortpassageconcerninganimalmedicalresearchandfillinthemissinginformation.nonprofitethicsharmfulTobecontinuedHe noted the _ of victims of Alzheimers disease.This disease _ mainly older people.It steals their ability to think and care for themselves.Animals are often used in research on such _.Listentoashortpassageconcerninganimalmedicalresearchandfillinthemissinginformation.sufferingstrikesbraindisease The American Veterinary Medical Association is an organization of doctors who care for animals.The A.V.M.A.agrees with some _ taken by animal rights groups.But the association also says it cannot accept policies that conflict with what it calls _ animal use for human purposes.Listentoashortpassageconcerninganimalmedicalresearchandfillinthemissinginformation.positionsresponsibleQuestionsPreviewing1.What is the animal research?And why?2.Why did animal rights activists ban on animal testing?3.Why did physician scientists conduct the animal experiments?TipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsCultural backgroundCultural backgroundAnimalresearch1.What is the animal research?And why?To use animals in experiments;To research the new drugs;To improve the success rate of surgeries;To keep the people healthy and happy;To help the patients and dying people Cultural backgroundCultural backgroundAnimalresearch2.Why did animal rights activists ban on animal testing?Cruel and inhumane,animals should be free;Unreliable,different between people and animals;Computers can also be programmed;Break the ecological balance.Cultural backgroundCultural backgroundAnimalresearch3.Why did physician scientists conduct the animal experiments?To relieve the eternal suffering of people;To understand the process and test new therapies;Most experiments on human beings will fail;To accelerate the process of medical research;The research of simulated effects on computer is of little value Cultural backgroundCultural backgroundAnimalresearchMain idea&structureMain idea&structureLanguage focusLanguage focusCritical thinkingCritical thinking Text studyAnimals or children?A scientists choiceAnimals or children?A scientists choiceSection A According to the text,why did the author become a childrens doctor?(Para.1)TipsTipsTipsTips love and supreme desire to keep them healthy and draw the author to medical research.The text is an _,the purpose of which is to convince readers by using good _ and strong _.The author,through writing this essay,argues for his rightfulness of doing _.argumentativeessay reasonsevidence animalresearch PartI(Para.1)The author was _of being cruel to animals since his top desire is only to keep children healthy with _based on _.wronglyaccused medicaladvances animalresearch ForcareeradvancementTortuerinnocentanimalsNomoralcompassdevilHow did animal rights activists describe the researchers?(Para.2)Response?accuseWhat did physician scientists do?(Para.3)ResponseBeliefBe unbelievably uncaringAllow them to creep in“animal fraud”and hatredPersist in our beliefImportance of animal research for public healthWhatShouldbedone?RespondtotheemotionaltonebyPartII Paras.2-3This part unfolds the current situation of animal-rights movement.Firstly,animal rights protectors distort the truth by accusing the physician.The author also criticizes the indifference of the public,senators and even the people who worked in the medical field.ToLeavemedicalresearchstandstillMostofexperimentsonhumanbeingswillfailWhat are the first three reasons to relieve the eternal suffering of human beings?(Para.4)Toimproveandtestnewtherapiesonanimalresearch Reasons(3)The optional fourth choice by computer imitation(Para.5)Advice?Possible benefits?Can computer model exchange the actual experiments?computer models which suggested by animal rights activists are of little value.What are the terrifying effects of arresting the animal research?(Para.6)Drugstocureinfectionswillremainundiscovered.Surgicalanddiagnostictechniqueswillbedeveloped.Fundamentalbiologicalprocesseswillremainmysteries.undeveloped.What results did animal research help us to achieve?(Para.7)TipsTipsTipsTipsTo fight against the serious sicknesses,such as _,_ and _.To operate the most complex surgical procedures,such as _ and _.heartdisease highbloodpressure stroke heartorhipsurgery organtransplantationsurgeriesPartIIIParas.4-7As the main part of the essay,it provides compelling reasons to justify the necessity of doing animal research.It emphasizes why doing animal research is so indispensable,and warns that stopping animal research will cause significantly negative effects.How about the present situation of human beings in American today?(Para.8)TipsTipsTipsTipsPeople are overprotection from the reality of human life and death and what it means.They are more concerned about animals and so little for sick and dying human beings.What is the authors attitude?(Para.9)TipsTipsTipsTipsWe should arouse the majority to protect the future of animal research,and oppose the misdirected minority.Part(Paras.8-9)conclusionoftheessayThe author is trying to make his _ be heard and also his most worried concern.He urges the public to _ put an end to the nightmare to cease animal research.finalappealtakeactionsto I am wrongly accused of doing animal research since my top desire is only to keep children healthy with medical advances based on animal research.(Para.1)Introduction Animal rights activists distort my medical research and accuse me of being a physician without moral limits.(Paras.2-3)Introduction Current situation of the animal-rights movementIntroduction Current situation of the animal-rights movementReasons to justify the necessity of animal researchTo relieve the eternal suffering of human among the possible three reasons.(para.4)The optional 4th choice from animal activists is using computer model,but its of no value(Para.5)The terrifying effects of arresting animal research will only be felt years or decades later.(Para.6)Our current combat abilities against sickness are mostly based on previous animal research.(Para.7)Introduction Current situation of the animal-rights movementReasons to justify the necessity of animal researchConclusionHuman rights vs.animal rightsI am wrongly _ of doing animal research since my _ is only to keep children healthy based on animal research.Although the animal-rights activists _ the truth.The politicians give in to the _ of animal rights advocates,even the people working in the medical field let animal rights activists _.twistaccusedsupreme desireTobecontinuedcreep inlobbyingThey _the issue as one of“_”and_.To relieve the _ of human beings,animal research is the best choice to understand the process and _,more than that hoping accidental discoveries will _.Whats more,the optional fourth choice is _ the animal experiments by computer model.Its _.move us forwardhatredanimal fraudtest new therapiesof little valueTobecontinuedframeeternal suffering imitateThe studies what are along with subsequent _ will actually end if animal research is severely _.I would never _ needless cruel treatment of animals.the real question _ the importance of the _ and protect its future.advancesrestrictedadvocateis aware of animal experiment PracticalPhrasesPracticalPhrasesSpecificMeaningsSpecificMeanings1.tip the scales使天平（向某人或物）倾斜 2.have relevance to 与有关3.creep in渐渐影响，逐渐改变 4.in the name of 以的名义5.make a contribution作贡献6.be/become aware of 意识到；明白；知道7.isolate sb./sth.from 与隔离；孤立 使天平（向某人或物）倾斜(Personality/talent/kindness/quirkiness/tipthescales)Personality,talent,kindness,and maybe even quirkiness,may tip the scales.tipthescales短语逆译短语应用人格，才艺，亲和力，甚至于奇谋诡诈的手段，都有可能成为加重分量的砝码。意群提示与有关(latestfindings/toagreatextent)The researchers hope the latest findings will have relevance to people to a great extent.have relevanceto短语逆译短语应用研究者们希望这些最新发现和人类有很大的关联。意群提示渐渐影响，逐渐改变(feelingsofuncertaintyanddoubt)When feelings of uncertainty and doubt start to creep in,I face those feelings directly and ask myself how can I learn from this to better myself?creepin短语逆译短语应用当不确定感和疑惑开始逐渐侵袭，我直面那些感觉，然后问自己，我怎样才能从这些感觉中获得更多收获？意群提示以的名义(inthenameof/democracy)Soldiers in the name of democracy,let us all unite!inthenameof短语逆译短语应用战士们以民主的名义，让我们团结起来！意群提示作贡献(makeacontributionto)Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment.makeacontribution短语逆译短语应用每个人都应该为保护环境做贡献。意群提示意识到；明白；知道(heartdisease/beawareof)The researchers say if people want to avoid heart disease,they should be more aware of how much sugar is in their food.be/becomeawareof短语逆译短语应用研究人员表示：人们如果想要预防心脏病，就应该更加清楚的认识到食物中的含糖量。意群提示与隔离；孤立(for the sake of/isolate from)For the sake of the safety of all,this patient should be isolated from other patients.短语逆译短语应用为了大家的安全，这个病人应该与其他病人隔离开。意群提示isolatesb./sth.fromFunctionalPatternsFunctionalPatternsFunctions&UsagesFunctions&Usages1.When sth.is in question,as is the case with,sth.is of little value.用于表达“某人在特定身份下做某事的感受”。2.There is the danger that,while 用于表达“某种情况可能导致的严重后果”。3.The question is whether but 用于表达“人们应该面对的真正问题”。当原理本身有问题时，就跟正处于研究阶段的复杂的生物系统的情况一样，仅靠计算机模拟的成效甚微。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习When the principles themselves areinquestion,asisthecasewith the complex biological systems of human life under study,computer modeling alone isoflittlevalue.句型提炼句型提炼When sth.is in question,as is the case with,sth is of little value.句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“当某事有问题时，跟某种情况一样 ”句型应用句型应用典型例句当人们自身意识比较淡薄时，就像目前汽车市场高居不下的购买数量，仅靠政府出台的环保政策收效甚微。意群提示Whenthepeoplesownconsciousnessisinquestion,asisthecasewiththehighpurchasesofautomarket,dependingonlyontheenvironmentalprotectionpolicyofthegovernmentisoflittlevalue.(ownconsciousness/dependon/environmentalprotectionpolicy)危险的是，那些善意的政治家匆忙作出决定，策略性地满足了那小部分大声疾呼的示威者，这只是权宜之计，而这些决定的后果和造成的破坏性影响要很久才会显现。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习Thereis the danger that quick decisions by well-meaning politicians will create resolutions to diplomatically satisfy the small minority of loud protestors while the consequences and damaging impact of those decisions will not be apparent until long after.句型提炼句型提炼There is the danger/risk that,while 句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“由于某种情况导致的严重结果”。句型应用句型应用(involvein/ecologicalenvironment/influenceon)典型例句可怕的是，当人们用动物进行医学实验的时候却没有意识到将会破坏生态平衡，最终影响到我们的下一代。意群提示Thereistheriskthatthepeoplewhoareinvolvedinanimalresearchwontrealizethedamagetotheecologicalenvironmentwhiletheconsequencewillinfluenceonouryoungergeneration.因此，真正的问题是我们能否唤起大多数漠不关心的民众来保护动物实验的将来，以反对嗓门很大，但却是被误导的少数群体。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习Hence,the real question is whether an uncaring majority can be aroused to protect its future against a loud,butmisdirected,minority.句型提炼句型提炼Hence,the real question/problem is whether but 句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“人们应该面对的真正问题”。句型应用句型应用(basicnewsevaluationstandard/impartialityofobjectivenews)典型例句因此，真正的问题是我们能否唤起大多数没有基本新闻评判标准的受众人群来维护新闻消息的客观公正性，以反对影响面很大，但却是被误导的少数媒体。意群提示Hence,the real question is whether majority whodonthavethebasicnewsevaluationstandardcanbearousedtomaintaintheimpartialityofobjectivenewsagainst some influential,but misdirected,minoritymedia.a.I became a childrens doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy.(Para.1,L2)我成为一名儿科医生，是因为我爱孩子，也因为我的最大愿望是让他们保持健康。b.There is the danger that quick decisions by well-meaning politicians will create resolution to diplomatically satisfy the small minority of loud protestors while the consequences and damaging impact of those decisions will not be apparent until long after.(Para.6,L5)危危险险的的是是，那那些些善善意意的的政政治治家家匆匆忙忙作作出出决决定定，策策略略性性地地满满足足了了那那小小部部分分大大声声疾疾呼呼的的示示威威者者，这这只只是是权权宜宜之之计计，而而这这些些决决定定的的后后果果和和造造成成的的破破坏坏性性影影响响要要很久才会显现。很久才会显现。c.Hence the real question is whether an uncaring majority can be aroused to protect its future against a loud,but misdirected,minority.(Para.9,L5)因此，真正的问题是我们能否唤起大多数漠不关心的民众来保护动物实验的将来，以反对嗓门很大，但却是被误导的少数群体。1Do you think animal research is necessary and meaningful?And why?2How did we reduce the harm to animals?3 What is the relationship between human and animals?TipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTips Yes,absolutely.Advancement of science necessitates animal research.It manifests that drug experimentation on live mammals is far more effectual than experimentation on bacteria or on other lower species in testing drug safety.Secondly,in space research,live animals are still the only viable alternative to humans in testing living creature reaction to outer-space experience on a flight not considered to be sufficiently safe for human astronauts.1.Do you think animal research is necessary and meaningful?and why?tobecontinued 2.How did we reduce the harm to animals?I concede that experiments upon animals may induce suffering to the test animals.However,I am convinced that there are no feasible alternatives to this methodology at the current stage of scientific development.On balance,I think that we should allow animals testing to be continued but at the same time use techniques such as analgesic,anesthetic and tranquilizing drugs to minimize the pain inflicted upon the test animal and augment the general welfare of these animals.tobecontinued Animals were friends or foes of humanity at different times of the human history.It is such a complicated relationship between human and animals.In the entire ecosystem of the earth,human cant live without animals.Human rise to the top of the food chain subsisting harmonious with animals.The integrity of ecological species is also important to the development of humans future.3.What is the relationship between human and animals?What is the conflict between animal rights activists and physician scientists?Watch a video clip and discuss the question:First,there are three stages for us to understand the earthings(生物).We all live in the earth,there are no sexism(性别歧视),racism(种族歧视)and speciesism(物种歧视),included all creatures and human beings.Humans are not the only creature in the earth and share the resource with any other animal.tobecontinuedWhat is the conflict between animal rights activists and physician scientists?Second,the term of vivisection(活体解剖)is called medical experiment by the living animals,they called it medical science.The reason is to discover the essential methods of curing the humans disease.There are two mistakes here,one is the effectiveness(有效性)of this way,another is different reaction between human and animals.What is the conflict between animal rights activists and physician scientists?tobecontinuedThird,is this the exemplify the most extreme racist theories(极端种族主义)of Nazi as same as the human slaughter(屠杀)animals?The creatures shouldnt measure by man,they are another nations,what should we do?What is the conflict between animal rights activists and physician scientists?Language applicationWriting devicesWriting devicesOral reproductionOral reproductionParagraph translationParagraph translationAnimals or children?A scientists choiceAnimals or children?A scientists choiceSection A Learn how to write an argumentative essay：To write an argumentative essay must provide specific and convincing evidence that supports the thesis statement.A writing mode that reqiures critical thinking and analytical skills.We also need to use the solid evidence and facts to support the viewpoints such as statistics,quotes from experts,and specific examples.You can follow these steps:tobecontinuedtobecontinuedStep1:chooseaposition.Knowthepurposeofyouressay,andbeclearaboutwhichsideoftheissueyouaregoingtowriteandwhatsolutionyouwilloffer.Step2:analyzetheaudience.Decideifyourreadersaregoingtoagreeordisagreewithyourposition.Thinkaboutpossibleopposingviewpoints.Step3:researchthetopic.Apersuasiveessaymustprovidespecificandconvincingevidence.OftenitisnecessarytodosomeresearchonthetopicStep4:structuretheessay.Figureoutwhatevidenceyouwillincludeandinwhatorderyouwillpresenttheevidence.Remembertoconsideryourpurposeandyouraudience.Learn how to write an argumentative essay：To write an argumentative essay must provide specific and convincing evidence that supports the thesis statement.A writing mode that requires critical thinking and analytical skills.We also need to use the solid evidence and facts to support the viewpoints such as statistics,quotes from experts,and specific examples.Please take a look at the chart below to see how you can organize the detailswith this pattern:tobecontinuedtobecontinuedThesisstatementReason1Reason3,4Reason2Read the sample argumentative essay and see how it develops with the thesis statement-supported by reasons pattern.Topic:BanonanimaltestingIntroduction:Thesisstatement:Eventhoughanimalshavemadealargecontributiontomodernmedicine,animaltestingshouldbestoppedbecauseitisimmoral,unreliable,andunnecessary.tobecontinuedBody:Reason1:ImmoralReason2:UnreliableReason3:UnnecessarytobecontinuedConclusion:Inhumane,non-effectiveanimaltestingshouldbestoppedimmediatelywhentestscouldbedonewithalternativemethods.tobecontinuedSample essaySample essay:Animal testing is largely used in medical experiments today.Unfortunately,many animals are seriously harmed in the process.Even though animals have made a large contribution to modern medicine,animal testing should be stopped because it is immoral,unreliable,and unnecessary.(Thesisstatement)tobecontinuedSampleSample:First of all,animal testing is usually cruel and inhumane.On experiments,innocent animals are going through so much pain and horror.It is absolutely wrong because animals sh