新视野大学英语第三版第二册第六单元ection A课件ppt

新视野大学英语第三版第新视野大学英语第三版第二册第六单元二册第六单元ection Aection A课课件件pptpptBesidesthenobleartofgettingthingsdone,thereisthenobleartofleavingthingsundone.Thewisdomoflifeconsistsintheeliminationofnon-essentials.Lin Yutang(Chinese writer)Youhavesucceededinlifewhenallyoureallywantisonlywhatyoureallyneed.Vernon Howard(American writer)26UNITLess is more6UNITSectionA 2ObjectivesObjectivesTotalkaboutwhethermoreisbetterthanlessTofurtherunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomasterthecause-effectwritingskillLess is more?Door closer,are you?Contents6UNITWarming-upActivitiesTextStudyLanguageApplicationSummaryDoor closer,are you?6UNITWarming-upActivitiesLead-inLead-inPre-reading ActivitiesPre-reading ActivitiesCultural BackgroundCultural BackgroundDoor closer,are you?1.Asfaraschoicesinourdailylifeareconcerned,haveyoueverbeentroubledwithsuchdilemma:tokeepallortogiveupsome?Justasallpeoplehavetomakedecisionsintheireverydaylives,collegestudentsarealwaysfacedwiththedilemmaofmakingrightchoices.Facedwithanabundanceofoptionstochoosefrom,theycantbearthepaintoloseanyopportunityandhaveastrongdesiretokeepalltheoptionsopen.Theytrytoavoidsuchanemotionalloss,andwouldratherpaythehighcosttokeepallthedoorsofopportunityopen.2.Whatistheproperwaytodealwiththisdilemma?Ismorealwaysbetterthanless?Evidencesshowthatpeoplefeellesshappyandmoredepressedwhengivenanoverabundanceofchoice.Thetendencytokeepallourdoorsofchoicesopenmighthavedamagedourlife,andwecangetgreaterpleasureandmoresatisfactionbyfocusingourenergyandattentiononfeweroptionsandthings.Moreisnotnecessarilybetterinlife.Weshouldclosesomedoorsinordertoallowfortherightwindowsofopportunityandhappinesstoopen.Task1.Listentoatalkaboutwhypeopleareoftenirrational.Basedonwhatyouhear,matchthequestionswiththeanswersbyplacingaletternexttothenumber.1()Accordingtothespeaker,howcanpeoplebehaveinarationalway?2()Whataretheconsequencesofpeoplesirrationalbehavior?3()WhathasMITProfessorArielydiscovered?4()Whatistheexampleinthetalkregardingirrationalbehavior?5()Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthisirrationalbehavior?Task1.Listentoatalkaboutwhypeopleareoftenirrational.Basedonwhatyouhear,matchthequestionswiththeanswersbyplacingaletternexttothenumber.APeopletendtobehaveirrationallyinapredictablefashion.BPeopleshouldactaccordingtologicandreasonrequiredinasituation.CItcausesproblemstothemselvesaswellastoothers.DHedoesntthinkthisirrationalbehaviorisalwaysintentional.EIfapersonknowssomeonesuffersfromadisease,hewillfeelhesuffersfromthesamedisease.Task1.Listentoatalkaboutwhypeopleareoftenirrational.Basedonwhatyouhear,matchthequestionswiththeanswersbyplacingaletternexttothenumber.1()Accordingtothespeaker,howcanpeoplebehaveinarationalway?2()Whataretheconsequencesofpeoplesirrationalbehavior?3()WhathasMITProfessorArielydiscovered?4()Whatistheexampleinthetalkregardingirrationalbehavior?5()Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthisirrationalbehavior?BCAED1.Inyouropinion,whatisanirrationalbehavior?Givesomeexamples.Itisanactionoropinionbasedoninadequateuseofreasonandlogic:Onceapriceisestablishedintheirminds,theywillcompareothersimilaritemswiththispriceBuyproductstheydontneedjustbecausetheygetsomethingforfreeinthetransaction.Dosomethingjustbecausesomeotherpeoplearedoingthesamething.Task2:Listentothetalkagainandanswerthetwoquestions2.Whatdoyouthinkmaycausepeoplesirrationalbehavior?IgnorancePeoplecanbetotallyunawareofasituationbeforeformingtheirownviewsandjudgments.EmotionsPeopletakeoffenseorgetangrybeforethesituationactuallyoccurs.StressItcreatesfeelingofanger,irritationandfrustration.BlindbeliefsTheyaretooconsciousaboutsocietyanditsreactionstothem.Task2:ListentothetalkagainandanswerthetwoquestionsSometimestwothingsaretobedoneattheSometimestwothingsaretobedoneatthesametime,both_yourattention.sametime,both_yourattention.youcanonlytakeuponeofthem,theotheryoucanonlytakeuponeofthem,theotherhastowaitorbegivenup.Butyouknowthehastowaitorbegivenup.Butyouknowthefutureis_thechangedfutureis_thechangedsituationmaynotallowyoutodowhatisleftsituationmaynotallowyoutodowhatisleftbehind.Thusyouarecaughtinafixandfeelbehind.Thusyouarecaughtinafixandfeelsad.Howcomethatniceopportunitiesandsad.Howcomethatniceopportunitiesand_shouldgatheraroundallatonce._shouldgatheraroundallatonce.Listentoashortpassagenamed“Anotherdoor”andfillinthemissinginformation.deservingunpredictableTobecontinuedbrilliantideas ItmayhappenthatyourlifechangesItmayhappenthatyourlifechanges_onyourpreferenceofone_onyourpreferenceofonealternativetotheother.Infactthatiswhatalternativetotheother.Infactthatiswhatlifeislike:weareoftenfacedwiththetwolifeislike:weareoftenfacedwiththetwooppositeaspectsofathingwhichareoppositeaspectsofathingwhichareboth_likenewspapercutting.Itboth_likenewspapercutting.Itoftenoccursthatourattentionisdrawntooftenoccursthatourattentionisdrawntoonethingonlyafterweare_onethingonlyafterweare_another.another.dramaticallydesirableTobecontinuedengagedinListentoashortpassagenamed“Anotherdoor”andfillinthemissinginformation.TheformerandthelattergiverisetoaTheformerandthelattergiverisetoadividedmind.Istillrememberadividedmind.Istillrememberaphilosophers_Whenonedoorphilosophers_Whenonedoorshuts,anotheropensinlife.Soashuts,anotheropensinlife.Soa_orpassivechoicemaynotbea_orpassivechoicemaynotbeabadone.Whateverwedoinourlifetime,badone.Whateverwedoinourlifetime,whereverlifestorm_us,theremustwhereverlifestorm_us,theremustbesomethingwecanachieve,besomethingwecanachieve,remarkscasualTobecontinuedtossesListentoashortpassagenamed“Anotherdoor”andfillinthemissinginformation.someshorewecanland,whichopensupsomeshorewecanland,whichopensupnewvistastous.DontforgetGodalwaysnewvistastous.DontforgetGodalwayskeepsan_openforeverykeepsan_openforeveryone.Whilethefrontdoorisclosed,thereone.Whilethefrontdoorisclosed,theremustbeanotheropenforyou.mustbeanotheropenforyou.alternativedoorListentoashortpassagenamed“Anotherdoor”andfillinthemissinginformation.QuestionsPreviewing1.WhatdoyouknowaboutDanAriely?2.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutXiangYuandtheBattleofJulu?TipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsDanAriely,Americaneconomistandpsychologist,wroteabookin2008entitledPredictably Irrational(可预见的非理性):The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions.Inthebookhechallengesreadersassumptionsaboutmakingdecisionsbasedonrationalthought.Heexplains,“Mygoal,istohelpyoufundamentallyrethinkwhatmakesyouandthepeoplearoundyoutick.”1.WhatdoyouknowaboutDanAriely?XiangYuwasaprominentmilitaryleaderandpoliticalfigureduringthelateQinDynasty.Inabout207BC,XiangYuledtheChurebelforcestovictoryattheBattleofJulu(巨鹿之战)againsttheQinarmies.ThebattlemarkedthedeclineofQinsmilitarypower.TheyfinallybeattheQinarmy.TheBattleofJuluwasofcrucialimportanceinoverthrowingtheQindynasty,andithasbeenknownasthebattleof“SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats”(破釜沉舟).2.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutXiangYuandtheBattleofJulu?Main Idea&StructureMain Idea&StructureLanguage FocusLanguage FocusCritical ThinkingCritical ThinkingTextStudy6UNITDoor closer,are you?rivaloptionsThetextstartswithaquestionaboutwhatXiangYu,aChineseimperialgeneral,woulddowhenfacing_.(Para.1)TipsTipsTipsTipsWhydid General Xiang Yu order histroops tocrush their cooking pots and burn their sailingshipswhencrossingtheZhangRiver?(Para.3)TipsTipsTipsTipstoimposeonhistroopsanecessarysacrificetoachievevictoryovertheiropponents.toinspirethesoldiersbemoredeterminedandconcentratedonthebattles.PartIintroducesastoryofclosingdoorstoopen_aboutXiangYu.Facingchoicesofrivaloptions,hemadeanunusualdecision-orderinghistroopstocrushcookingpotsandburntheirsailingships.Bydoingthis,heclosedthedoorforretreatingfromtheenemysterritorybutopenedthewindowfor_.PartI(Paras.1-_)3windowsofopportunitywinningthebattleAccordingtoDr.Arielysbook,Predictably Irrational,whatmightbeaweaknessofhumanbeings?(Para.4)TipsTipsTipsTipsHisexperimentshowsthatpeoplejustcouldntbeartoseetheiroptionsvanishthoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemtoletgo.PartIservesasatransitionfromtheancientstoryofXiangYutothe_ofthestudentsatMIT.Throughconductinganexperimentonhumans_,Dr.Arielyfoundthatpeoplejustcouldntbeartoseetheiroptionsvanishthoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemtoletgo.PartII(Para.4)modernstoryirrationalbehaviorWhatsthesignificanceofdoingtheexperiments?(Para.5)TipsTipsTipsTipsTheexperimentenabledpeopletoseewhyitsalwayssohardforthemtosay“NO”toanyopportunitythatcametothem.Ineverydaylife,peoplejustgiveexcusestokeepoptionsopen.Whatsthewinningstrategywhenplayingthecomputergame?(Para.6)Studentsshouldquicklycheckallthedoorsandkeepclickingontheonewiththehighestcash.Theyshouldabsolutelyignorethevanishingdoors.TipsTipsTipsTipsHowdidstudentslossmoneybecauseoftheirirrationaleffortstokeepthevanishingdoorsopen?(Para.7)Inthegame,anydoorleftun-clickedforashortwhilewouldvanish.Insteadofignoringthevanishingdoors,thestudentsrushedtoclickonthembeforetheyvanished,sotheylostmoneyintheend.TipsTipsTipsTipsWhyarethecorrespondingcostsoftenlessobviousinlifethanintheexperiments?(Paras.8-9)Becauseinlifethedoorsareclosingslowly,notliketheonesonthecomputerintheexperiment,sopeopledontreallyseetheopportunitiesactuallyvanishingawaylittlebylittle.TipsTipsTipsTipsPartIIImainlyfocusesontheexperimentconductedbyDr.Ariely.Hefirstexplainsthe_oftheexperiment,andtheprocessofthestudents_.Thenhepointsouttherealcauseofthestudents_.Finallyheemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsareactuallyclosingslowlyandwedontseethefuture_.PartIII(Paras.5-_)9purposeandsignificancelosingmoneyirrationalbehaviorvanishingawayInthetext,whatdoesDr.Arielysuggestinordertobalanceourlife?(Paras.10-12)TipsTipsTipsTipsPeopleshould:prohibitoverbooking,reduceoptions,delegatetaskstoothers,giveawayideastootherstopursue.PartIV(Paras.10-12)PartIVsuggestshowwecanbalanceourlivesbyreducing_.suchasprohibitionofoverbooking,tryingtolessentheload,rememberingthelessonsof_likeXiangYu,andkeepingthoseactivities_.unnecessaryoptionsdoorclosersenrichingourlivesWhatisthemessagetheauthorwantstosendoutfromthistext?(Paras.13-14)TipsTipsTipsTipsPeoplecanobtainpleasureandsatisfactionbyfocusingtheirenergyandattentioninamoreconcentratedfashion.Theywillhavemorewithfewerbutcarefullychosenoptions.PartV(Paras.13-14)PartIIIconcludestheessay,andmeanwhileitraisesthequestionif_.Weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsofopportunityandhappinesstoopen.moreisbetterthanlessThestoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunityaboutXiangYuservesasagoodexampleillustratingthepointthatwhenweclosedoors,weopenwindowsofopportunity.TheexperimentconductedbyDr.Arielyalsoprovesthatinlife,weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsofopportunityandhappinesstoopen.MainIdeaoftheTextWhenfacingchoicesofrivaloptions,thinkaboutwhatXiangYuwoulddo.(Para.1)XiangYuorderedhistroopscookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburnedaftertakinghistroopsacrossarivertoraidtheenemy.(Para.2)XiangYuexplainedthathisdecisionwasanecessitytoattainthevictory.Buthisunusualdecisionwouldbevalidatedonhisbattlefieldandinmodernsocialscienceresearch.(Para.3)ThisexamplefromancienttimesleadstotheexperimentatMITwhereDr.Arielyteachesbehavioraleconomics.Theexperimentshowedthatstudentscouldntbeartoseetheiroptionsvanish,eventhoughitwascleartheywouldprofitfromdoingso.(Para.4)Itsanexperimentaboutcomputergamewhicheliminatedtheexcusesforlettinggo.(Para.5)Theruleofthegamewasthemoremoneytheyearned,thebetterplayertheywere.(Para.6)howtheylostmoneybecauseoftheirrationaleffortstokeepthevanishingdoorsopen.(Para.7)Dr.Arielypointsouttherealcauseofthestudentsirrationalbehavior.(Paras.8-9)Implementmoreprohibitionsonoverbookingandreduceoptionsonourown.(Para.10)ReducetheloadandrememberthelessonsofdoorcloserslikeXiangYu.(Para.11)Onlykeepthechoicesthatactuallyenrichourlives.(Para.12)Weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsofopportunityandhappinesstoopen.(Paras.13-14)Doorcloser,areyou?Whenfacedwith_options,XiangYuprovedtoawonderfuldecision-maker.Hetookhistroopsmakinga_intoenemyterritory.Tohistroops_,heorderedtheircookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburned,whichgavehistroopsonlyone_:towinthebattle.Thebattleturnedouttobeagreatsuccessonhisside.TobecontinuedrivalraidastonishmentoptionThis story indicates that while closing thedoorfordoingsomething,peoplemayopenthe_forachievingsomethingmoresignificant.Throughconductinganexperimentonhumans_behavior,Dr.Ariely,found that manystudents in his experiment just couldntbeartoseetheiroptions_thoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemto_.Hethenemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsare actually closing slowly and we dontseethefuturevanishingaway.TobecontinuedwindowirrationalvanishletgoTosolvethisproblem,peoplecanbalancetheirlivesbyreducing_optionsontheirownandkeepingthoseactivitiesthatwillactuallyenrichtheirlives.Toconclude,weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsof_toopen.opportunityandhappinessunnecessaryPracticalPhrasesPracticalPhrasesSpecificSpecificMeaningsMeanings1.imposesth.onsb.将将强加于强加于2.befeaturedin被特写；在被特写；在中专题介绍中专题介绍3.beattachedtosth./sb.喜欢（依恋）某物或某人喜欢（依恋）某物或某人4.revolvearound围绕；以围绕；以为主题为主题5.payabigprice花很大代价花很大代价einhandy派上用场派上用场7.bemeasuredinsth.用某事来衡量用某事来衡量将将强加于强加于(generationgap/makethingsworse)Tobridgethegenerationgap,parentsshouldneverimposetheirpersonalviewsontheirchildren,whichmaymakethingsevenworse.imposesth.onsb.短语逆译短语应用为了消除代沟，父母不应该将自己的观点强加给孩子，这样会使事情更糟。意群提示被特写；在被特写；在中专题中专题介绍介绍(heroicdeed/enlightenpeople)Hisheroicdeedwasfeaturedinthefirstpageofyesterdaysnewspaper,whichenlightenedmanypeople.befeaturedin短语逆译短语应用他的英雄事迹在昨天的报纸头版专题介绍，让很多人受到了启发。意群提示喜欢（依恋）喜欢（依恋）某物或某人某物或某人(frombetweenherlips)Thebirdgotsoattachedtoherthatitwouldtakefoodfrombetweenherlips.beattachedtosth./sb.短语逆译短语应用鸟是如此依恋她，以致于它会从她的双唇间获取实物。意群提示围绕；以围绕；以为主题为主题(takeitforgrantedthat)Somepeopleareveryselfishandtakeitforgrantedthatthewholeworldrevolvesaroundthem.revolvearound短语逆译短语应用一些人很自私，想当然地认为整个世界都以他们为中心。意群提示花很大代价花很大代价(payanevenbiggerprice)XiangYupaidabigpricewhenheburnedhisships,buthecouldhavepaidanevenbiggerpriceifallofhismenhaddiedinthebattle.payabigprice短语逆译短语应用当项羽烧毁他的船只时，他付出了巨大的代价；但如果他的士兵都死在战斗中，他可能会付出更大的代价。意群提示派上用场派上用场(turnadeafearto/startyourownbusiness)Dontturnadeafeartohisadvice,einhandy短语逆译短语应用对他的建议，不要置若罔闻，将来某一天当你自己经营时，也许会派上用场。意群提示用某事来衡量用某事来衡量(loseyourself-confidence/wisdom)Neverloseyourself-confidence.Therealpowerapersonisnotmeasuredinhissizebutinhiswisdom.短语逆译短语应用永远不要丧失信心。一个人真正的强大不是用他的身体而是他的智慧来衡量。意群提示bemeasuredinsth.FunctionalFunctionalPatternsPatternsFunctions&UsagesFunctions&Usages1.Thenexttimesb.isdoingsth,askoneselfthequestion:用于表达“某种情景下某人应该反思”。2.Sb.orsth.isarareexceptiontosb.else,who/that用于表达“某人或某物与众不同”。3.Sb.wouldprobablyprotestthat,butaccordingtosb.else,thatisntthetruefactor.用于表达“对某种观点或分析的否定”。下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时，不妨问自己这样一个问题：项羽会怎么做？原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习Thenexttimeyouredecidingbetweenrivaloptions,onewhichisprimaryandtheotherwhichissecondary,askyourselfthisquestion:WhatwouldXiangYudo?（Line1,Para.1）句型提句型提炼Thenexttimesb.isdoingsth,askoneselfthequestion:句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“某种情景下某人应该反思”。句型句型应用用(complainabout/inreturn)典型例句下次你要在抱怨他人，认为他们对你不友好时，不妨问自己这样一个问题：你平常对他们如何？群提示Thenexttimeyouarecomplainingaboutothers,whoseemtobeunfriendlytoyou,askyourselfthequestion:Howdoyouoftentreattheminreturn?对墨守陈规的人来说，项羽将军是一个罕见的异于常人的人，他是一位资深的首领，由于他征战无数并达到了成功的顶峰，他深受尊敬。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习GeneralXiangYuwasarareexceptiontothenorm,aveteranleaderwhowashighlyrespected for his so many conquests andwhoachievedthesummitofsuccess.（Line5,Para.3）句型提句型提炼Sb.orsth.isarareexceptiontosb.else,who/that句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示 用于表达“某人或某物与众不同”。句型句型应用用(innovativeleader/thinkcritically)典型例句对很多普通人来说，乔布斯是一个罕见的异于常人的人，他是一位创新型的领导。他不仅能够批判性思维，而且努力探索新领域。意群提示Jobswasarareexceptiontomanyordinarypeople,an innovative leader who wasthinking critically and who endeavored toexplorenewareas.他们可能会争辩说，他们抓住这些门是为将来多留一些机会。但是，据阿雷利博士说，这不是真正的原因。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习Theywouldprobablyprotestthattheywereclingingtothedoorstokeepfutureoptionsopen,but,accordingtoDr.Ariely,thatisntthetruefactor.（Line6,Para.7）句型提句型提炼Sb.wouldprobablyprotestthat,butaccordingtosb.else,thatisntthetruefactor.句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示 用于表达“对某种观点或分析的否定”。句型句型应用用(corporalpunishment/forthesakeof)典型例句他们可能会争辩说，学校体罚孩子是为他们将来的成长。但是，据调查组说，这不是真正的原因。意群提示Theywouldprobablyprotestthattheypracticedcorporalpunishmentatschoolsforthesakeofthechildrensfuturegrowth,but,accordingtoinvestigationgroup,thatisntthetruefactor.a.“Closingadooronanoptionisexperiencedasaloss,andpeoplearewillingtopayabigpricetoavoidtheemotionofloss,”Dr.Arielysays.(Para.8,L3)阿雷利博士说:“每闭上一扇选择之门就如同感受了一次惩罚，人们宁愿付出很大的代价，也要避免情感的失落。b.Sometimesthesedoorsareclosingtooslowlyforustoseethemvanishing.(Para.9,L1)有时候，门是慢慢关闭的，我们没有看到未来的机会在悄然消失。c.Wearenaturallyprejudicedtobelievethatmoreisbetter,butDr.Arielysresearchprovidesadoseofrealitythatstronglysuggestsotherwise.(Para.12,L2)我们很自然、很偏执地相信选择越多越好，但阿雷利博士的研究却强有力地告诉我们事实并非如此。1.InwhatwayisGeneralXiangYusordersimilartoDr.Arielysexperiments?2.Inreality,whyarepeoplereluctanttoseetheiroptionsvanish?3.HowdoyouunderstandtheEnglishsaying“Lessismore”?TipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsBothconsequencesaresurprising.Bothhavetodowithstrategies.Bothfocusonhumansmentality.1.InwhatwayisGeneralXiangYusordersimilartoDr.Arielysexperiments?Afraidoflosingpotentialopportunities.Toogreedyandtooambitious.Overconfidentabouttheirrealcapacity.Morechoices,betterchances.2.Inreality,whyarepeoplereluctanttoseetheiroptionsvanish?Moreoptions,lessfocusedconcentration.Morechoices,worsequality.Everythinghastwosides.Toomuchgreedendsupwithnothing.3.HowdoyouunderstandtheEnglishsaying“Lessismore”?Q1:Whatshouldyoudowhenyouhavearrived“there”butstillfeeldissatisfied?Listentoaessayentitled“There”is no better than“here”anddiscussonthefollowingquestions.TipsTipsTipsTipsQ2:Whatmessagedoyougetfromthislistening?TipsTipsTipsTipsYoushouldkeepaclearmindandlearntobethankfulforandappreciativeofwhatyouhaveandwhereyouareonyourpathrightnow.Bylearningthelessonsofgratitudeandabundance,youcanbringyourselfclosertotheenjoymentofyourliferightnow.Q1:Whatshouldyoudowhenyouhavearrived“there”butstillfeeldissatisfied?Weshouldhavetheconsciousnessofappreciatingforallthatwehaverightnow,sothatwemaylivemorejoyouslyinourpresentmoment.Q2:Whatmessagedoyougetfromthislistening?Trueabundancecomesnotfromamassing,butratherfromappreciating.Acontentedmindisthegreatestblessingamancanenjoyintheworld.Tellthestory“SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats”(破釜沉舟)toyourclassmatesanddiscussitsmessage.InthelateyearsoftheQinDynasty(秦朝,221-206BC),XiangYu(项羽)launchedarebellion.AftercrossingtheZhangRiver(漳河),XiangYuorderedhissoldierstosinkalltheboatsandbreaktheircookingpots,leavingonlyathree-daysupplyoffoodforeachsoldier.Hewarnedthemthattherewasnowaytoretreat;theonlythingtheycoulddotosurvivewastoadvanceandfight.XiangYusboatburningstrategygavehismennochoicebuttogoforwardtofightwithskillandpassion.Afterninefuriouswar,theQinarmywasfinallydefeated.Tellthestory“SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats”(破釜沉舟)toyourclassmatesanddiscussitsmessage.Inthedesperatecondition,XiangYugavehistroopsonlyoneoption:towinthebattleratherthandieinthebattle.Thehighlevelofintelligenceinhisstrongbeliefwouldprovetobecorrectonthebattlefieldaswellasinmodernsocialscienceresearch.Weshouldlearntothinklogicallyandmakerationaldecisionswhenfacingpainfulchoicesinourlife.6UNITLanguageApplicationWriting DevicesWriting DevicesEssay WritingEssay WritingParagraph TranslationParagraph TranslationDoor closer,are you?Howtowriteacause-and-effectessayWhenweanalyzecauses,weareattempting to understand the relationship ofevents that brought about an outcome.Similarly,whenanalyzingeffects,weconsiderthe results of something.When a problemarises,westarttoexaminethecausesforit.Likewise,wetrytoanalyzeresultsoreffectscausedbysomething.tobecontinuedWhenanalyzingacause-and-effectsituation,studentsneedtoaskthefollowingquestions:tobecontinued1.Whatarethecauses?Whataretheeffects?2Whichshouldbeemphasized:thecausesortheeffects?3.Aretheremultiplecausesormultipleeffects?Tipsforwritingacause-and-effectessay1.State briefly the causes or effects to bediscussedinthethesisstatement.Forexample:Causes:Lackofknowledge,over-confidence,andpoorjudgmentarethemainreasonswhypeopleoftenlosegoodopportunities.Effects:Toavoidtheemotionoflosscouldresultintheselectionofwrongchoices,wasteoftime,andlossofopportunities.tobecontinuedTipsforwritingacause-and-effectessay2.Plan to use one