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专题限时检测(二十七)任务型阅读(四)(限时24分钟)A(2017苏北四市高三一模)Is Cash Becoming Outdated?When he rolls into a gas station to fill his tank, Barkhad Dahir doesnt get out of his car. He pushes a few buttons on his cellphone and within seconds he has paid for the fuel. With the same quick pushes on his phone, he pays for virtually everything he needs: groceries at the supermarket, a few oranges from a market stall, or a cup of sweet milky tea from a caf. “Everyone here has his own bank with easy access，” boasts Mr.Dahir. “Even lying in bed, you can be paying your bills.”Electronic payments offer consumers convenience, provide revenue for banks, credit card companies and payment processors, and offer merchants improved cash flow and convenience. “I dont even carry money any more，” says Adan Abokor, a democracy activist. “I havent seen cash for a long time. Almost every merchant, even hawker (小贩) on the street, accepts payment by cellphone. Theres no waiting for it and no counting of cash.”The system is impressively simple and secure. Purchases are made by dialing a threedigit number, entering a fourdigit PIN, and then entering the retailers payment number and the amount of money. Both customers and merchants receive text messages to confirm the payment.Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well. The printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous and hard to track criminal activities to be conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010.However, some people doubt what members of a cashless society do when the power goes off. Do they choose to barter (物物交换) and rob? Do they sit at home and wait? What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready to abandon currency. “Ironically, the day after the largest bank in Norway, DNB, proposed ending all cash dealings, I went to my local grocery store and when I tried to pay by phone, I was told that I needed to go to the ATM to get cash because the system was broken，” said an interviewee.Other people fear that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported.Privacy, security and convenience are all important factors in the adoption of electronic payment technology. New technologies which balance and address these factors may enable people to remove cash.Is Cash Becoming Outdated？Passage outlineSupporting detailsAn example of electronic paymentsBarkhad Dahir claims that he can almost purchase (1)_ he needs by using his mobile phone.Reasons for the (2)_ for electronic paymentsThey can be more (3)_ without waiting in line or counting the cash, whose characteristics include (4)_ and simplicity.They reduce the cost of printing money and allow the government to (5)_ cash activities.Possible(6)_ of electronicpaymentsSome people are (7)_ whether electronic payments can still be effective during times when the power goes off.There are (8)_ that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks.It is possible that electronic dealings can be (9)_ and reported for illegal use.ConclusionCash is not (10)_ to be completely replaced unless privacy, security and convenience are balanced and settled.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。电子支付日益盛行，那么现金会被电子支付取代吗？本文针对这一话题展开了论述。1everything/whatever直接信息题。根据第一段第三句话可知，他可以用手机买到他需要的所有东西。故空格处可填everything/whatever。2preference信息概括题。根据表格右栏的内容可知，这里讲的是人们偏爱电子支付的原因，所以填preference“偏爱”。3timesaving/convenient信息转换题。根据第二段第一句话中的“. offer consumers convenience”及最后一句话“Theres no waiting for it and no counting of cash.”可知，顾客使用电子支付既不需要排队等候，也不需要清点现金，故电子支付更加省时、方便快捷。4security信息转换题。根据第三段第一句话“The system is impressively simple and secure.”可知，这个支付系统非常简单而且安全可靠。根据题干可知，这里需要用secure的名词形式与后面的simplicity相对应。故填security。5monitor直接信息题。根据第四段第四句话“Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens.”可知，使用电子支付可以减少现金流通，方便政府更好地监控现金流通行为。6drawbacks/shortcomings/disadvantages/problems/weaknesses信息概括题。根据表格右栏的内容可知，此处主要讲的是电子支付的缺点和不足之处。7doubtful/skeptical/sceptical信息转换题。根据第五段的内容可知，本段主要讲的是人们对电子支付的一些疑惑，其中第一句话中的“doubt”是提示。8fears/worries/concerns信息转换题。根据第六段中的“Other people fear that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks and .”可知，人们害怕/担心电子支付会带来安全和诈骗风险。9tracked直接信息题。根据第六段“.enable dealings to be tracked and reported”中的“tracked”可直接得到答案。10likely信息概括题。根据最后一段可知，隐私、安全和便利性都是使用电子支付技术的重要因素。平衡和解决这些问题的新科技可能会使得电子支付代替现金。由此可推知，在同隐私、安全和便利性相关的问题得到解决之前，现金不可能被完全替代。be (not) likely to do“(不)可能做某事”为固定用法。B(2017通、扬、泰、淮高三三模)We all need to feel understood, recognized and affirmed (证实) by our friends, family and romantic partners. We all need to find our tribe. Research has shown that among the benefits that come with being in a relationship or group, feeling accepted is regarded as the most important driver of meaning. When other people think you matter and treat you as if you matter, you believe you matter, too.Though we all share a need to belong, in the first decades of the 20th century, many influential psychologists and physicians did not acknowledge this fundamental aspect of human nature. The idea that children needed parental love and care to live a full and meaningful life was not only considered medically dangerous, but it was dismissed as immoral and disgusting.As behavioural psychology came into fashion and academic psychologists turned their attention to childraising, this view shifted and they began to examine and affirm the vital importance of attachment in early life. They discovered that people, whatever their age, needed more than food and shelter to live full and healthy lives.But, sadly, many of us lack close ties. At a time when we are more connected digitally than ever before, rates of social isolation (孤立) are rising. The results of an Age UK poll published recently suggest that half a million people over the age of 60 usually spend each day alone, and its not unusual for another half a million people to go five or six days without seeing or speaking to someone. All these figures reveal more than a rise in loneliness they reveal a lack of meaning in peoples lives. In surveys, we list our close relationships as our most important sources of meaning. Research shows that people who are lonely and isolated feel their lives are less meaningful.While close relationships are critical for living a meaningful life, they are not the only important social bonds we need to cultivate (培养). Psychologists have also discovered the value of small moments of intimacy (亲昵行为). “Highquality connections”， as one researcher calls them, are positive, shortterm interactions between two people when a couple holds hands on a walk or when two strangers have an empathetic (移情作用的) conversation on a plane. Highquality connections have the potential to unlock meaning in our interactions with acquaintances, colleagues and strangers.We cant control whether someone will make a highquality connection with us, but we can all choose to start one. We can say hello to a stranger on the street rather than look away. We can choose to value people rather than devalue them. We can invite people to belong. Passage outlineSupporting detailsThe need to belongEveryone hopes to develop a (1)_ of belonging in a group.Peoples selfrespect is (2) _ by other peoples opinion.The changing (3) _to belongingMany famous experts in the first decades of the 20th century (4) _ that people had the need to belong.Experts later came to realize that people, regardless of their age, needed (5) _ to enjoy full and healthy lives.Consequences of (6)_close tiesMany people are cut off from the world and feel (7) _.People who do not have enough close relationships find their life has less (8) _.Another way to meet the needHighquality connections make a (9) _ in helping satisfy our need to belong.We should (10) _ to make a highquality connection.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。每个人都想在团体中有归属感，为此我们应该主动建立高质量的社会纽带。1sense/feeling信息概括题。根据第一段中的“We all need to find our tribe.”和第二段中的“. in a relationship or group, feeling accepted is regarded as the most important driver of meaning”可知，每个人都想在团体中有归属感。a sense/feeling of belonging“归属感”。2influenced/affected/shaped/determined/decided信息概括题。根据第二段中的“When other people think you matter and treat you as if you matter, you believe you matter, too.”可知，人的自尊受其他人观点的影响。3attitudes信息概括题。根据第三段中的“The idea that children needed .but it was dismissed as immoral and disgusting.”和第四段中的“. this view shifted”可知，该部分的主题是人们对归属感态度(attitudes)的改变。4denied信息概括题。根据第三段中的“Though we all share a need to belong .did not acknowledge this fundamental aspect of human nature.”可知，20世纪初期的很多专家否认(denied)人们需要归属感。5attachment/love/care 直接信息题。根据第四段中的“. they began to examine and affirm the vital importance of attachment .shelter to live full and healthy lives.”可知，专家后来意识到人们需要依恋或关爱(attachment/love/care)来享受充实、健康的生活。6lacking信息转换题。第五段中的“But, sadly, many of us lack close ties.”是第五、六段的论述要点。再结合右栏的内容可知，该部分谈及缺乏(lacking)亲密关系的后果。7lonely/isolated/alone信息概括题。根据第五段中的内容可知，很多人与世隔绝，感到孤独或寂寞(lonely/isolated/alone)。8meaning信息转换题。根据第六段中的“.Research shows that people who are lonely and isolated feel their lives are less meaningful.”可知，缺乏亲密关系的人觉得生活的意义(meaning)更小。9difference信息概括题。根据第七段中的“Highquality connections， as one researcher calls them . Highquality connections have the potential to unlock meaning in our interactions with acquaintances, colleagues and strangers.”可知，高质量的社会纽带在帮助人们满足归属需求方面有重大意义。make a difference“有(重要)作用，有影响，有关系”。10start/offer/try/attempt直接信息题。根据最后一段中的“We cant control whether someone will make a highquality connection with us, but we can all choose to start one.”可知，人们应该主动开始/提出/尝试 (start/offer/try/attempt) 建立高质量的社会纽带。
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