[重庆]2023年重庆银行万州支行招聘笔试参考题库答案详解

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重庆2023年重庆银行万州支行招聘笔试参考题库答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)第1卷一.单项选择题(共50题)1.2014年我国经济社会发展的主要预期目标是国内生产总值增长()左右,居民消费价格涨幅控制在3.5左右。A.7B.7.5C.7.7D.7.8答案:B 本题解析:2014年政府工作报告指出,2014年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是:国内生产总值增长7.5左右,居民消费价格涨幅控制在3.5左右,城镇新增就业1000万人以上,城镇登记失业率控制在4.6以内,国际收支基本平衡,努力实现居民收入增长和经济发展同步。加强对收入增长、就业、物价、国际收支等主要目标的统筹平衡。2.一辆大型汽车从甲城到乙城需 8 小时,一辆轿车从乙城到甲城需 6 小时,客车开了 2 小时后,轿车出发,轿车出发( )小时两车才能相遇。A.2B.18/7C.22/7D.3答案:B 本题解析:设甲、乙两城之间的距离为 24,则根据题意,客车每小时行驶 3,轿车每小时行驶 4。客车开了 2 小时后,轿车出发,这是两车之间的距离为 2432=18。相遇需要的时间为18/3+4=18/7。3.Questions 47-49 refer to the following letter.Tampa Daily News - Available in Print and OnlineThe Tampa Daily News has two versions of its printed newspaper available online.One version _ the printed edition, including the editorial and news pages.A.is the sameB.has the sameC.is the same asD.as has the same答案:C 本题解析:暂无解析4.Please make sure all items have been _ from the desks before the new employees arrive next week.A.removedB.removeC.removesD.removing答案:A 本题解析:通过选项可以知道此题选择“remove”的正确形态的问题。句子表示“必须清楚所有物品”时句意才自然,因此主语“all items”和动词“remove为被动关系。5.“书香门第”中的“书香”原意指( )。A.书纸自然发出的清香B.书籍的油墨味C.书中夹香草发出的香气D.读书人的自称答案:C 本题解析:古人为防止蠹虫咬食书籍,便在书中放置一种芸香草,这种草有一种清香之气,夹有这种草的书籍打开之后清香袭人,故而称之为“书香”。故选C项。6.数码相机可将影像直接传送到计算机中,做出各种不同形式的处理,对于个性化的网页设计和多媒体制作相当有帮助;加之价格下降而且又能获得逼真效果的打印等诸多原因,使数码相机日益成为家用PC机的一种标准外设产品,开始渐渐步人普通家庭。下列不属于数码相机优点的一项是()。A.可将影像直接传送到计算机中B.可将影像做出各种不同形式的处理C.价格下降D.能够获得逼真效果的打印答案:B 本题解析:将影像做出各种不同形式的处理这是计算机的工作,故选B。7.2, 7, 24, 77,( )。A.107B.207C.238D.258答案:C 本题解析:7 = 23 + 1,24 = 73 + 3,77 = 243 + 5,因此空缺项为 773 + 7 = 238。8.The author is worried about the fact that_A.children may imitate what they have seen or read about crimeB.the more prosperous the United States is,the higher the crime rate becomesC.citizens carrying guns will be punishedD.all the state laws will be punished答案:A 本题解析:根据“even children know how to duplicate what they have seen or read”可知作者最担心的是孩子们可能会模仿他们看到或读到的有关犯罪的行为。所以答案选A。9.根据马斯洛的需要层次理论,获得友好和睦的同事关系的需要属于()。A.生理需要B.安全需要C.归属和爱的需要D.尊重的需要答案:C 本题解析:归属和爱的需要,包括情感、归属、被接纳、友谊等,例如获得友好和睦的同事关系。10.word2o10文字处理软件,可以快速去除Wor層下的那条横线,以下选项中的操作方法,不正确的是()A.在进入页用和页脚时,设置表格和边框为“默认”B.可以将樹线色设置成“白色”C.进入页眉编辑,然后选中段落标记并删除它D.将“样式”图标栏里面的“页層”换成“正文”即可答案:A 本题解析:快速去除Word页眉下横线快速去除Word页眉下的那条横线可以用下面的四种方法:一是可以将横线颜色设置成“白色”;二是在进入页眉和页脚.时,设置表格和边框为“无”;第三种方法是进入页眉编辑,然后选中段落标记并删除它;最后一种方法是将“样式”图标栏里面的“页眉”换成“正文”就行了11.A.见图AB.见图BC.见图CD.见图D答案:D 本题解析:从列方向上来看,第一个图形的直线边数等于下面两个图形的边数之和,圆没有直线边。12.Questions 55-56 refer to the following e-mail.To: Marketing DepartmentFrom: Federico BotellaDate: January9Subject: Sales Meeting.We need to postpone the sales meeting that I had arranged for January 15. I have a meetingwith a client in Cancun on January 14, and I was not able to get a flight back to Houston until January 16. Im sorry for any inconvenience this may cause you. The meeting is now tentatively rescheduled for 9 AM. on January 18 in the conference room.What is the purpose of this e-mail?A.To schedule a conferenceB.To reschedule a meetingC.To introduce a new clientD.To announce vacation plans答案:B 本题解析:根据第一句We need to postpone the sales meeting that I had arranged for January 15 和最后一句The meeting is now tentatively rescheduled for 9 A.M. on January 18 in the conference room 可知,该邮件的目的是重新安排会议日程,故选B。13.为落实“放管服”改革和目务院第35次常务会议要求,人民银行各分支行和各商业银行在人民银行总行部领导下,于2019年七月22日全面完成全国取消( ) 工作,强化企业银行账户管理,持续优化企业账户服务改善营商环境。A.企业银行账户变更B.企业银行账户开立C.企业银行账户撤销D.企业银行账户许可答案:D 本题解析:人民银行深入贯彻落实党中央、国务院“放管服”改革精神和2018年12月24日因务院第35次常务会议要求,积极稳妥推进取消企业银行账户许可于2019年7月22日全面完成全国取消企业银行账户许可工作,较国务院要求时间提早五个多月。取消许可后,全国新开企业基本存款账户19694万户,业务处理总体平稳,开户效率进一步提升,社会反映良好。14.甲、乙两个服装厂生产同一种服装,甲厂每个月生产成衣900套,生产上衣和裤子所用的时间比是2:1;乙厂每月生产成衣1200套,生产上衣和裤子所用的时间比是3:2。若两厂分工合作,按最佳生产方案计,两厂每月共可生产成衣多少套?()A.2173套B.2193套C.2213套D.2233套答案:D 本题解析:甲一个月生产900套衣服即900件上衣+900件裤子,时间之比为2:1;故效率比为1:2,说明生产1件上衣的时间可以生产2件裤子。生产900件裤子时可以生产450件上衣,生产900件上衣时可以生产1800件裤子,所以如果只生产上衣,甲一个月可以生产900+450=1350件上衣如果只生产裤子,甲一个月可以生产900+1800=1800件裤子。同理,乙一个月生产1200套衣服即1200件上衣+1200件裤子,时间之比为32,故效率比为2:3,说明生产2件上衣的时间可以生产3件裤子。生产1200件裤子时可以生产800件上衣,生产1200件上衣时可以生产1800件裤子,所以如果只生产上衣,乙一个月可以生产1200+800=2000件上衣,如果只生产裤子,乙一个月可以生产1200+1800=3000件裤子。所以乙生产上衣、裤子都比甲快,但是2000/13503000/2700,即乙生产上衣相对优势更明显,所以乙负责上衣为最优方案。乙一个月可以生产2000件上衣,甲先生产2000件裤子,即有2000套,甲还剩生产700件裤子的时间,生产1件上衣的时间可以生产2件裤子,所以甲还能生产700/3=233套衣服,总共生产2000+233=2233套衣服。故选D。15.On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree? ()A.Democrats should reach an agreement in the face of Republican pressureB.Senator Reid should send the bill after Obama becomes presidentC.¥25 billion in loans should be solely used for updating factoriesD.The chance of passing the bill in January would be greater than now答案:D 本题解析:文章最后一段最后一句可以得知选D。16.下列程序设计语言中,属于解释语言的是_。A.CB.DelphiC.BASICD.C#答案:C 本题解析:暂无解析17.2011年110月我国农产品约实现A.贸易逆差413亿美元B.贸易逆差259亿美元C.贸易顺差413亿美元D.贸易顺差259亿美元答案:B 本题解析:根据文字材料“出口500.52亿美元,增长4.49%,进口913.96亿美元,增长23.92%”可知,2011年110月我国农产品逆差为亿美元。因此,本题答案为B选项。18.人类思维进化的顺序,是从具象到抽象,从图形到语言。粗略了解一点文物史的人都知道,早期文明及其器物上只有图形,如世界各地的史前壁画,像半坡陶器上的鱼纹、人脸等。没有文字,因为语言能力不发达。语言能力发达以后,才有文字,人类文明才真正脱离原始阶段。而文字的进化本身也遵循同样过程,最初是图形,不脱具象,涵盖力很有限,慢慢离开图形阶段,真正成为文字,表示人的语言能力愈来愈深刻,思维愈来愈独立。这段文字谈论的主题是()A.研究文物史的意义B.语言文字的主要功能C.史前文明的表现形式D.思维的演变过程答案:D 本题解析:文字意在说明人类思维进化的顺序。19.2011年5月1日深夜,奥巴马在白宫发表电视讲话说,当天早些时候,美军在巴基斯坦首都伊斯兰堡附近的阿伯塔巴德将_击毙。A.米洛舍维奇B.萨达姆C.本 拉丹D.卡扎菲答案:C 本题解析:暂无解析20.Questions 5963 refer to the following information.BRAND MANAGERCOMPANY BACKGROUND: The Juneco Company, expected earnings of approximately $40 million, seeks to increase marketing and product innovation efforts to significantly increase revenues within 12 years. Headquartered in upstate New York, Juneco manufactures kitchenware products and home security systems under several nationally recognized brand names. In addition to these major brands, Juneco produces similar products under private label programs for home improvement merchants.RESPONSIBILITES: The brand managers priority is to handle the heightening of productrecognition of Junecos major accounts abroad. The brand manager position was created to build brand recognition in the marketing sector of Junecos new International Division. The brand manager will spearhead efforts to foster growth in garden tool products.Specific responsibilities include the following:(1) Generate marketing plans and lead the development of new products.(2) Increase public awareness of and demand for Junecos products.(3) Identify and evaluate market requirements and opportunities.(4) Work closely with other members of the marketing department, as well as sales and sales operations departments to ensure achievement of company goals.PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE AND PRESONAL QUALIFIES: The ideal candidate will have the following qualifications:(1) 35 years experience as brand manager in retail marketing;(2) strong experience in analyzing current markets;(3) outstanding verbal and written communication skills;EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: An MA degree in Marketing is required; an MBA is a significant plus.Upon receipt of application, confirmation letters will be sent to applicants via email.Thereafter, priority applicants will be invited to meet with, Junecos CEO and Chief Marketing Officer.In which Juneco division will the successful applicant probably work?A.International marketingB.Human resourcesC.ProductionD.Accounting答案:A 本题解析:暂无解析21.(300+301+302+.+397)-(100+101+.+197)=( )。A.19000B.19200C.19400D.19600答案:D 本题解析:原式=(300-100)+(301-101)+(302-102)+(397-197)=200x98=19 600。22.对于采取稳定性战略的组织而言,关键性的战略性人力资源管理问题是()。A.从零开始,建立全新的人力资源战略B.大量而快速地裁员C.对不同企业的人力资源体系进行合并D.确定关键员工并制定特殊人才的保留政策答案:D 本题解析:对于采用稳定性战略的组织重要的是确定关键员工,并制订特殊的人才保留战略以留住他们。23.中华人民共和国建国初期开展了巩固政权的“三大运动”,指的是( )。A.抗美援朝、土地改革、镇压反革命B.土地改革、“三反”运动、“五反”运动C.没收官僚资本、改造民族资本、土地改革D.银元之战、米棉之战、武装剿匪答案:A 本题解析:建国初期,我党为彻底完成新民主主义革命的历史任务,反抗美帝国主义的侵略,领导全国人民开展了土地改革、抗美援朝和镇压反革命三大运动。所以答案为A。24.下列表述不正确的是( )A.平均总成本总是大于或等于平均可变成本B.平均不变成本不会随产量提高而增加C.边际成本下降,平均成本一定下降D.长期平均成本总是大于或等于短期平均成本答案:D 本题解析:在短期内企业只能在相对确定的规模下经营,而在长期生产中厂商总可以在每-产量水平上找到相应的最优生产规模进行生产,因而厂商的长期平均成本曲线是所有短期平均成本曲线的包络曲线,因此,短期成本- -定大于长期成本,故D项错误:平均总成本-平均可变成本+平均不变成本,平均不变成本不会随产量提高而增加,所以平均总成本总是大于或等于平均可变成本,故AB项正确:边际成本下降,平均成本-定下降,故C项正确。所以答案选D.25.从目前销售情况来看,全球一个季度可卖出iPad约切0万台,接近同期笔记本电脑全球销量的1/10。美国分析师估算,iPad上市以来已为苹果公司赚得数十亿美元进账,而由于Windows设备市场份额缩减,所以微软市值损失了500亿美元。更可怕的是,iPad孤军奋战的日子就要过去,谷歌、三星、黑莓和微软等几乎所有IT巨鳄们,都排着队准备推出平板电脑。这段文字要表达的主要意思是()A.iPad已经成为苹果公司的重要利润源B.目前全球笔记本电脑销量仍高于iPadC.平板电脑将对笔记本电脑构成重大威胁D.销量的背后体现科技之间的激烈竞争答案:C 本题解析:文段是分总结构,主要意思是iPad畅销和Windows设备市场份额缩减已经导致微软市值损失500亿美元,“更可怕的是”几乎所有IT巨鳄都准备推出平板电脑,由此可知平板电脑将对笔记本电脑构成重大威胁。故答案为C项。26.100多年前,英国人威里璧只能依靠租用的马队完成漫漫的西藏探险历程。今天,当世界各地的旅行者和探险家 ,驱车饱览雪域高原神秘文化和秀美风光的时候, 的公路交通网早已把最初探索者们留下的艰难足迹 在历史风尘中。依次填入横线部分最恰当的一项是( )。A.纷至沓来 纵横交错 湮没B.接踵而至 车水马龙 埋没C.络绎不绝 川流不息 消逝D.摩肩接踵 井井有条 消失答案:A 本题解析:根据第三空句子中的“把”可知,此处应填入-个能与“把”连用的表示被动的 词语,而“消逝”、“消失”不具有被动含义,故排除C、D两项。再根据第二空修饰的“公路交通网”可 知,“纵横交错”更恰当,故本题正确答案为A。27.A.如上图所示B.如上图所示C.如上图所示D.如上图所示答案:D 本题解析:第一步,观察特征。组成元素相似,优先考虑样式类。第二步,一条式,从左到右找规律。题干每个图形都有横线竖线和直角,整体求同,只有D项符合。故本题正确答案选D。28.下列()不在中国地形的第二级阶梯上。A.秦岭B.呼伦贝尔高原C.鄂尔多斯高原D.巴颜喀拉山答案:D 本题解析:我国第一二级阶梯的分界线是:昆仑山祁连山横断山;第二三级阶梯的分界线是:大兴安岭太行山巫山雪峰山;ABC三项位于第二级阶梯上。巴颜喀拉山是庞大的昆仑山脉南支的一部分,位于第一级阶梯上。故本题答案选D。29.现在电影创作对热门题材大肆重复利用,一个题材有市场,多方人马就一涌而上,这不是健康的电影生态。相比之下,对民族文化的挖掘却不多见,比如以传统节日端午节、中秋节等为背景的开发,以及对昆曲、黄梅戏等民族艺术元素的利用都很少。一旦用心去挖掘这些中华民族文化财富,呈现在创作者面前的就是一个精彩纷呈的艺术宝库,国产电影也将迎来一个百花齐放的春天。对这段文字的主旨最准确的概括是( )。A.国产电影不能陷入题材重复利用的误区B.国产电影应该深人入挖掘民族文化的宝藏C.国产电影需努力摆脱不健康的生态D.国产电影将迎来一个百花齐放的春天答案:B 本题解析:题干首句指出了现在电影的不健康状态,其后内容都在说明对民族文化的挖掘将为国产电影带来百花齐放的广阔前景,故文字的主旨是说明国产电影应深入挖掘民族文化。答案选B。30.2019年3月14日,国务院新闻办公室发表(),对美国侵犯人权的状况进行揭路。人权纪录分为导言、公民权利屡遭践踏、金钱政治大行其道、贫富分化日益严重、种族歧视变本加厉、儿童安全令人担忧、性别歧视触目惊心、移民悲剧不断上演、单边主义不得人心,全文约1.2万字。美国侵犯人权事记全文1万余字。A.2018年美国的人权调查:B.2018 年美国的人权纪录C.2019年美国的人权现状D.2019 年美国的人权白皮书答案:B 本题解析:3月14日,国务院新闻办公室发表2018年美国的人权纪录,对美国侵犯人权的状况进行揭露。31.2013 年一季度,社会融资规模为6.16 万亿元,比上年同期激增2.27 万亿元。其中,当季人民币贷款增加2.76 万亿元,人民币贷款占同期社会融资规模的44.7%,同比大幅降低了18.6 个百分点。一季度,委托贷款占同期社会融资规模的8.5%,同比高1.3 个百分点;信托贷款占比13.4%.同比高8.8个百分点;未贴现的银行承兑汇票占比10.9%,同比高4.9 个百分点;企业债券占比12.2%,同比高2.0 个百分点;非金融企业境内股票融资占比10%,同比低1.2 个百分点。2013 年一季度社会融资结构图2013 年一季度融资规模分类表2013 年一季度,外币贷款的融资规模约为( )亿元。A.5 400B.4 400C.7 400D.6 400答案:B 本题解析:2013 年一季度,外币贷款所占比重为7.2%,则所求为6.161047.2%=6167.2=4400 亿元。32.社会体育,是由企业、事业单位职工,国家机关工作人员,以及城镇或农村居民等不同的群体,为达到健身、健心、健美、娱乐、医疗等目的而进行的内容丰富、形式多样的身体锻炼活动。根据上述定义,以下哪项活动不是社会体育活动?A.由北京市体委举办的群众长跑运动B.某大学举办了教工篮球队与社区篮球队的友谊比赛C.某市承办了国际铁人三项赛 D.在国家奥林匹克体育中心举办的社区居民网球赛答案:C 本题解析:本题考查对主语和目的状语的考察。定义给出的主语为“企业、事业单位职工,国家机关工作人员,以及城镇或农村居民”,目的为“达到健身、健心、娱乐、医疗等目的”,A选项中主语为群众,北京市委举办的该活动,目的可以理解为健身;B选项中主语为教工、社区居民等,友谊比赛也可以理解为娱乐的目的;D选项主语为社区居民,目的虽未明示,也和娱乐等比较接近。C选项,“国际铁人三项赛”为正规国际体育赛事,参加主体不管曾经从事何种职业,其参赛身份应该都为运动员,主语不符定义。并且,“国际比赛的目的”是竞赛,也与定义中的“健身、娱乐”等目的相差较远。因此,本题答案为C选项。33.Why is small talk described as non-threatening talk in a threatening situation?_A.It is used by people to encourage those who are confronted with dangerB.It is used to show that one is enthusiastic and hospitableC.It is used to create a more friendly atmosphere and to avoid embarrassmentD.It is used by people to protect others in the threatening situation答案:C 本题解析:联系下文可知,琐谈的作用之一就是使得自己和周围的人在一些场合能感到放松。从谈话的内容来看,琐谈有利于营造一种轻松的气氛。故选C项。34.作为曾经和数理传统同样重要的研究范式,博物学传统其实从19世纪末开始就逐渐_,仅仅是在大自然中观察、采集、记录而缺少定量分析,从医生、军官到传教士都能玩一把的博物学,在科学研究日益精细化、职业化的大趋势中显得_。填入横线部分最恰当的一项是() A.衰落格格不入B.转型特立独行C.蜕变曲高和寡D.退化大材小用答案:A 本题解析:从“缺少定量分析”“医生、军官到传教士都能玩一把”可以看出题干意在表达博物学的衰落,落后的技术和方法与现代科技相比必然显得“格格不入”。35.Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy. said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.The lO-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.The report focused on claims made by specific products, such as detergent insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September,1999.Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing. said report researcher Philip Page.Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading. he said.The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as environmentally friendly and non-polluting can not be verified. What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO. said Page.As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers_.A.are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buyB.are still not willing to pay more for products with green labelingC.are becoming more aware of the effects different products have on the environmentD.still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment答案:D 本题解析:此题暂无解析由第四段“While many good and useful claims are being made,it is clearthere is a long wayto go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact ofproducts they buy可知主要意思为:顾客对所购买商品的环境影响并没有充足的认识。对比四个选项,D的说法与此一致。36.贷款定价原则包括:当期利润最大化、扩大市场份额、保证贷款质量、改善银行的社会形象等方面。其中改善银行的社会形象的定义角度是( )。A.公共关系B.直接利益C.占领市场D.资金安全答案:A 本题解析:银行贷款定价的一般原则:(l)利润最大化原则。在进行贷款定价时,银行首先必须确保贷款收益足以弥补资金成本和各项费用,在此基础上,尽可能实现利润最大化原则;(2)扩大市场份额原则。在金融业竞争日益激烈的情况下,商业银行要求生存,求发展,除了在业务类型方面不断拓展,还应该在信贷市场份额方面不断扩展;(3)保证贷款安全原则。在银行贷款定价时,必须遵循风险与收益对称原则,确保银行贷款安全性;(4)维护银行形象原则。作为经营信用业务的企业,良好的社会形象是商业银行生存与发展的重要基础。所以改善银行的社会形象是从公共关系的角度出发的。故本题答案选A。37.One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away_my daughter hearedcries for help.A.afterB.whileC.sinceD.when答案:D 本题解析:根据句意可知,此处表示“当时候”,故用when。38.甲公司租用乙工厂仓库,后甲、乙因租金问题发生争议,乙方应在( )内提起诉讼。A.知道权利被侵害时起2年B.争议发生后2年C.甲方拒付或延付租金之日起1年D.权利被侵害之日起20年答案:C 本题解析:我国民法通则第136条规定,下列诉讼时效为1年:(1)身体受到伤害要求赔偿的;(2)出售质量不合规格的商品未声明的;(3)延付或拒付租金的;(4)寄存财物被丢失或被损坏的。本题所述属于延付或拒付租金问题,故正确答案为C。39.Questions refer to the following article. One of Britain s last great independent financial markets has agreed to sell itself to China. The 137-year-old London Metal Exchange has agreed a 1.4bn takeover from Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing (HKEx) nine-mouth auction process which saw bids from Inter Continental Exchange, CME Group, and NYSE Nasdaq. The deal will mean massive windfalls for the LMEs largest shareholders, JP Morgan, Goldman Sachs and Metdist, the brokerage owned by the LMEs former chairman Raj Bagris family.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?()A.LME accounts for the lions share of the worlds base-metal options and future contractsB.JP Morgan, Goldman Sachs and Metdist all stand to lose from the takeover dealC.LME trades gold, silver and other precious metals on the over-the-couter London Bullion MarketD.HKEx is not going to do many changes to LME except the open outcry system答案:B 本题解析:由最后一段“The deal will mean massive windfalls for the LMEs largest shareholders, JP Morgan, Goldman Sachs and Metdist”可知,B项正确。40.Russian really is hard for lcarners, and a casual comparison might serve the conclusion that big, prestigious languages like Russian are complex. Just look, after all, at their rich, technical vocabularies, and the complex industrial societies that they serve.But linguists who have compared languages systematically are struck by the opposite conclusion.This is largely because linguists, unlike laypeople, focus on grammar, not vocabulary,Consider Berik, spoken in a few villages in eastern Papua. It may not have a word for“supernova”, but it drips with complex rules: a mandatory verb ending tells what time of day the action occurred, and another indicates the size of the direet object. Ofcourse these things can be said in English, but Berik requires them. Remote socictics may be materially simplc;“primitive”, their languages are not.Systematically so: a study in 2010 of thousands of tongucs found that smaller languages have more Berik-style grammatical bits and pieces attached to words. By contrast, bigger ones tend to be like English or Mandarin, in which words change their form lttle ifat all. No one knows why, but a likely culprit is the very scale and ubiquity of such widely travelled languages.As a language spreads, more foreigners come to learn it as adults (thanks to conquest and trade, for example). Since languages are more complex than they need to be, many of those adult learners will- Stalin-style- ignore some of the niceties where they can. If those newcomers have children, the children will often learn a slightly simpler version of the language from their parents.But a new study, conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics at Nijmegen in the Netherlands, has found that it is not entirely foreigners and their sloppy ways that are to blame for languages becoming simpler. Merely being bigger was enough. The researchers, Limor Raviv, Antje Meyer and Shiri Lev-Ari, asked 12 groups of four strangers and 12 groups of eight to invent languages to describe a group of moving shapes on the screen. They were told that the goal was to rack up points for communicating successfully over 16 rounds. (They“talked by keyboard and were forbidd
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