7Bunit4知识点语法汇总

(牛津初中英语总复习)7B Unit 4一.【精选词汇】重点短语1. a UFO 一个不明飞行物, UFO 全写为Unidentified Flying Object, UFO 的复数为 UFOs (p60)2. sleep with their eyes open 睁眼睡觉介词短语 with eyes open 作伴随状态(p61)学问链接with sth介词短语或形容词，作伴随状态。e.g. He sleeps with windows closed. Miss Yang came in with a big smile on her face.3. sneeze and keep your eyes open at the same time 打喷嚏时睁着眼睛学问链接keep sth形容词，形容词作宾语补足语，e.g. keep the room clean and tidy用法拓展形容词作宾补有：make宾语形容词，find宾语形容词，think宾语形容词。e.g. What makes you happy? We find Englishuseful.4. walk on tiptoe 用脚尖走路on tiptoe 用脚尖，on foot 步行。留意此处这两个名词不能用复数。5. one Sunday morning 一个星期天的早晨，one在时间状语中，前面不能加介词。 (p62)6. as usual 像寻常一样than usual 比寻常更(这两个短语不能用usually)学问链接 usualusually，usual反义词 unusual，usually反义词unusuallye.g.This morning she got up early as usual. This morning he got up earlier than usual.7. hear a whisper from the bushes behind the tree听到树后灌木丛传来低语声学问链接whisper vi.低语 e.g. She whispered in his ears. n.低语asoft noise (常用复数 whispers) e.g. They were talking in whispers. from thebushes 从灌木丛in the bushes 在灌木丛中8. search carefully 认真搜寻学问链接search vt.搜查；搜身，e.g. search sp 搜查某地，search sb搜某人的身。留意：search for sb 查找某人。e.g. The police searched hishouse.警察搜查他的房子。search for搜查某地或某人的身来查找e.g. They searched the house for the thief.vi. 搜寻；查找 search for look for e.g. She searched for her lost key.9. make a sound like a whispersound like a whisper 听起来像低语声10. later that day 那天晚些时候 later 稍后，later on 以后，latest 最的，lately 最近；近来学问链接See you later. 回头见；回见 Ill explain it to you later on.待会儿我将向你说明。 最近；近来 lately 用于否认句、疑问句中recently 用于确定句中。lately 和 recently 都常用于现在完成时中，e.g. Ihavent heard from him lately.11. take care oflook after 照看、照料某人；保管某物学问链接take good care oflook afterwell 好好照看某人，保管好某物1用法拓展被动语态be taken good care of ，be looked after well 记住： 不能丢掉介词 of, after12. the following day the next day 其次天 the following the next接着的，其次13. be/feel frightened ofbe/feel afraid ofbe scared of 可怕，后接名词、代词或动名词。学问链接a little afraid 有点可怕 frighten vt.恫吓，Dont frighten her.She is just a child.14. kick a stone or a can 踢石头或罐头 (p65)15. very few 很少very little 很少 e.g. She dislikes bananas. She eats very few of them.学问链接just a few 只有/只要几个，just a little 只有/只要一点没有very a few, very a little16. take photos 拍照 take a photo 拍照take a photo of sb 给某人拍照(p67)17. live up to 150 years old 活到 150 岁live up to活到岁 (p70)18. smell things as well as dogs can 嗅觉和狗一样灵敏 as well as sb can和一样好学问链接as形容词或副词原级as sb can/couldas形容词或副词原级as possible 尽某人所能；尽可能，e.g. Please speak English as much as you can. The flowers should be watered as often as possible.19. write a thank-you letter to给某人写感谢信write a congratulationletter to.写庆贺信给20. remember your words about tortoises remember sbs words about 记得某人说的的话21. decide to do sthmake a decision to do sthmake up ones mind(s) to dosth 打算做某事学问链接We decided to go there again next time.We made up our minds to (p72)22. eat it as dinner 把它当饭吃，as 当作；作为Dont treat him as a child.别把他当作小孩儿。23. name the food after the man 以这个人的名字给该食品命名 (p73)学问链接nameafter以给命名，e.g. People named the school after the hero.用法拓展a boy called/named Tom 一个叫汤姆的男孩24. dresses made of silk and cotton 丝绸和棉布做的衣服，过去分词短语作后置定语。(p75)25. enjoy the visit to the museum visit vt.访问；参观(灾难、疾病)侵袭 n.访问；参观学问链接作动词时直接加宾语，e.g. I visited him the other day.The typhoon visited Taiwan.作名词时，其后加 to。 the visit to到的参观 be on a visit to参观；巡游pay a visit to sb pay sb a visit 访问某人 visiting card 名片词汇解析visitor n.来访者；观光者；游客复数 visitors1. strangeusual 不寻常的stranger 生疏人22. “宠爱”的不同表达：be crazy about名词/代词/动名词，对着迷/痴迷 love to do, love doing 宠爱 be fond of名词/代词/动名词，爱好like to do, like doing,宠爱 dislike to do, dislike doing 不宠爱 hate to do, hate doing 厌烦3. hard-working 勤勉的，勤奋的反义词：lazy 懒散的4. poison n.毒；毒素poisonous adj.有毒的 e.g. Some mushrooms contain a deadly poison. poisonous gas 有毒气体 名词变为形容词的类似构造： danger dangerous, humour humorous, fame famous5. colour TV set 彩电，black-and-white TV set 黑白电视机6. invent vt.制造；制造invention n.制造物；制造物 (复数 inventions)inventor n.制造家7. during prep.在期间，只能接短语，不能接句子；e.g. I visited London Tower during my stay in Britain. during the 1990s during the winterduring ones lifetime 在某人的一生中during 表示发生的时间，for 则答复 how long 的问题。e.g. She stayed in New York for a week.不作 She stayed in New York during a week.二.【重点句型】1. Its just a plane. Its only the light on the plane. (p60)学问链接onlyjust 仅仅，e.g. just/only a little 只有一点，only/just a few只有几个2. The world is full of amazing things. 世界布满了奇异的事物。学问链接amaze vt.使惊异，使惊异amazingsurprising 令人惊异的amazedsurprised 感到惊异的be amazed at sth 对某事感到惊异inamazement 惊异地e.g. The amazing news amazed us.We were amazed at the amazing news.be full ofbe filled with布满，e.g. a basket full of flowers 满满一篮子花 (留意：fillwith)用法拓展fill vt.布满，装满 fillwith把装满，e.g. fill the bottlewith waterfull 吃饱的反义词 hungrye.g. Im full. Im not hungry.3. It takes about three days to travel from Earth to the moon by rocket.(p61)学问链接It takes/took/will take sb some time to do sth. 花费某人一段时间做某事。Earththe earth 地球，类似的天体有 the sun, the moon, theuniverse。4. There is no plant life without lightning.没有闪电就没有植物。学问链接without prep.无；没有；不 without 引导的介词短语在句中作状语，相当于if 引导的条件状语从句。e.g. We cant live without air orwater. =We cant live if there is no air or water. without anythingwith nothing 有, 带有, 和在一起，with 短语在句中作伴随状语，强调在谓语动作发生的同时，伴随发生的另一种行为。e.g. With these words, he left the room.说着这些话，他离开了房间。 He left without saying anything.5. Isnt that intere sting? Yes, it is./No, it isnt. 留意否认疑问句确实定、否认答复。6. They turned around but could not see anything usual. (p62)学问链接turn around turn about 向后转 围绕 e.g. The earth turns around the sun.3not anythingnothing，形容词 usual 修饰不定代词时后置，即：不定代词形容词7. They listened very carefully and heard the strange noise again. 留意连词and 的使用。学问链接listen 表示“听”的动作，hear 表示“听”的结果。He listened butcouldnt hear nothing.用法拓展look for 表示“找”的动作，查找；find 表示“找”的结果，找到。8. What happened? What will happen? What is happening? What has happened?学问链接happen to sb 发生在某人身上，What happened to sb?某人怎么了？某人出了什么事？留意：不能说成 What did sb happen? e.g. Therewas a loud noise in your room last nigh? What happened to you? Anything could happen to her at that moment. happen to do sth 碰巧做某事 e.g. I happened to be out when you rang.9. He practises it even when it rains. even 甚至 even比较级，even harder 更努力 (p65)10. Eddie hates waking up early. He barks at anyone who wakes him upbefore 11 oclock.学问链接wake up 醒来，不接宾语 e.g. My mother usually wakes up early. wakeup 叫醒，属于“动词副词”构造 e.g. wake him upwake up the boywake up the boy11. When we got to the museum, the guide gave us an introduction. We found it very interesting.学问链接introduce introduce A to B 把A 介绍给B，introduce oneselfto sb 向某人做自我介绍 e.g. Can I introduce myself to you? May Iintroduce my first guest on the show tonight introduction n.介绍，引见； 序言，前言 e.g. a letter of introduction 介绍信 The book has an excellent introduction and notes.该书有精彩前言和注释。12. Were you tired after the visit ? No, I wasnt. I was very excited to see somany amazing things.13. However, scientists believe they were not the first animals on Earth. (p69)学问链接however adv.然而，其后加“逗号”，可置于句首或句中，如：We thought the results were correct. However, we have now discoveredsome mistakes. 比较but 连词，但是，连接并列句，如：He is very young, but he knows a lot about history. believethink 认为，后面常接 that 引导的宾语从句。the first 第一个人或物，e.g. Sam was the first to arrive.14. Some dinosaurs ate plants and others ate meat, but they didnt eat grass.(p69)学问链接Someother/others一些其他的15. They all lived on land. on land 在陆地上，e.g. What is the biggestanimal on land?学问链接all 作副词时，通常放在动词 be 之后，行为动词之前。all作代词时，常用作 all of名词复数/us/you/them。all 表示两者以上都，both 表示两者都。16. Thank you for your help. Thanks for your help. Thank you for helping me. (p71)4学问链接Thank sb for sth. 因某事而感谢某人。Thank sb for doing sth.感谢某人做某事。17. It says that goldfish can only remember things for three seconds. It says that we eat about 27,000 kilos of food during our lives. Th ats the weight of about six elephants.学问链接It says that陈述句.It is said that陈述句. 据说。during ones life/lives 在某人的一生中during ones lifetime，e.g. Duringher lifetime, Hepburn earned four more Oscar nominations.weigh vi.重weight n.重量，e.g. How much do you weigh? I weigh 120 pounds. How much do you weigh?What is your weight?你多重？18. Is there anything about animals in the book? in the book 在书上,指书里的内容,不能用 on。19. The tallest man weighed 222.71 kg when he was 21.the tallest maninhistory 史上最高的人学问链接when sb was(years old)at the age of在岁时，请做题， 每空填写一词He could swim when he was 8. He could swimof 8.20. Once there was a man called Sandwich. once 从前；曾经，用于一般过去时。 (p74)学问链接once 或 once upon a time 意思是“从前”，故事的开头语。e.g.Once there was a giant.用法拓展once 一次/一倍，twice 两次/两倍，three times 三次/三倍， four times 四次/四倍，many times 很屡次/很多倍once moreonce again 再一次 Write it once again. Yesterday once more.at onceright awayimmediately 马上；马上all at oncesuddenly 突然三.【语法详解】一般过去时一般过去时的构成含行为动词的一般过去时的构成肯式定主语过去式否认式主语 did not动词原形疑式问Did 主语 动词原形否认疑问式Didnt 主语 动词原形含动词 be 的一般过去时的构成确定式主语 否认式主语was/were not was/were疑问式Was/Were 主 否认疑问式Wasnt/werent 主语语过去式的构成分为规章变化和不规章变化两种形式：规章变化分为四种：留意词尾-ed 的发音有三种。规章例词直接加-ed以 e 结尾的加-dwalk walked, play playedlivelived,useused,diedied,completecompleted辅音字母y 结尾的 cry cried5yied重读闭音节 ,双写尾字 plan planning, stop stopping, prefer preferring,母加-edchat chatting不规章变化：See 7B 教材 p112一般过去时的用法表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last night, this morning, in 2023。表示过去常常或反复发生的动作。这常常和 often, always 等表示频度的时间状语连用。e.g.She always wanted to be an actress.在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。 e.g. They planned to go outing if it was fine the next day. Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came back.在由 before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句中，当从句的动作与主句的动作前后紧接时，可用一般过去时取代过去完成时，即两动作都用一般过去时。e.g.After I finished my work, I sat down to read the newspaper. 干完活后我就坐下来看报纸。当谈及过去一系列平行动作时，可都用一般过去时同时表示 “同时”或“先后”。e.g.She ran to the bed, picked up her baby inher arms.He ran out and shut the door.在谈论去世的人物时，用一般过去时侧重当时的状况；用一般现在时侧重对现在的影响。Lu Xun was a great writer.Beethoven is one of the greatest musiciansin Germany.四.【中考真题】1. I wasthe drawing and bought it for 300 yuan.(2023 辽宁)A. good atB. bad atC. interested inD. terrified of2. If you are(fill) with confidence, youll be happy all the time.(2023 徐州)3. All the clerks went homeMr Wang, for he had to finish his work. (2023 四川)A. exceptB. besidesC. withoutD. with4. In some foreign countries, such as Canada, children usually leave their parents when they grow up. It makes the old feel. (2023 盐城)A. aloneB. lonelyC. frightenedD. enjoyable5. Shirley had to buythese CDs because she didnt know which onetake.(2023 苏州)A. allB. noneC. eachD. both6. Xiao Li is the right person to show the foreigners around, forof uscan speak English.(2023 河南)A. allB. eachC. bothD. none7. You should listen to your teacher(careful) in class. (2023 南京)8. I suppose well go to plant trees next week.Terrific! Planting trees is a lot of fun. Id like toyou. (2023 江西)A. visitB. joinC. followD. meet69. Bob speaks English Chinese quite well. Yes, he does. He practises Chinese every day.A. speakingB. speakC. speaksD. spoke(2023 吉林)10. 我想知道世界上正在发生什么事情。(依据汉语提示，每空填写一词) (2023 山东)Iwanttoknow.11. Howdoyouknowthatshelikessinging?Ioftenhearher after class. (2023 南通)A. to singB. sangC. singD. sings12. Do you hear herin the next room? Yes. It sounds perfect. (2023 福建)A. singsB. to singC. singingD. to singing13. Its time for sports. Letsour sports shoes!(2023 浙江)A. put awayB. put upC. put onD. put down14. Itthem about two weeks to make a trip to Australia.(2023 甘肃)A. spentB. costC. paidD. took15. Now many Chinese farmers like travelling from one place toto enjoy the beautiful scenery of our country.(2023 盐城)A. otherB. othersC. the othersD. another16. There are two new cars infront of the company. One is mine, andis the managers.A. otherB. othersC. the othersD. others17. Excuse me. Is the next bus stop far from here?Not very far. It onlyyou five minutes on foot.A. spendsB. costsC. takesD. gets18. This basket of vegetables2 kilos. They are fresh.(2023 淮安)A. weighB. weighsC. are weighed19. Who(come) to your school yesterday afternoon?Twenty exchange students and their teachers from England.(2023 连云港)20. Tomorrow will be Father”s Day. What will you do for your father?I will say “I love you, Daddy“ as soon as heup.(2023 南通)A. will wakeB. is wakingC. wakesD. woke21. Yesterday morning Tom hurried to classhis schoolbooks, so he had to share Mary”s.A. withoutB. forC. withD. past22. My father bought me an umbrella yesterday. (改为否认句)(2023 宿迁)23. How was your picnic? Great! We(have) a good time by the lake.(2023 泰州)24. The students hurried to the classroomthe bell rang.(2023 无锡)A. whenB. soC. untilD. although25. How often do you play a ball game at school?.(2023扬州)A. All dayB. One hourC. Once a dayD. Half an hour726. It was an(令人惊异) day but the best part was the song and dance parade.27. When sleeping, Simon always keeps the window(close).28. My aunt(teach) me to play the violin when I was a child. (2023 镇江)五.【过关测试】1. Are you(惊异) at the(惊异) football match?2. There are bottles on the table. One is fullorange while the other is filledmilk.A. of; ofB. with; withC. of; withD. with; of3. The playground is covered with(leaf).4. Were going to have a barbecue this coming Saturday. Do you want tous?A. comeB. joinC. inviteD. see5. Oh, I forget to send the letter.! Ill do that for you later on.A. Dont worryB. Its greatC. What a jokeD.Good job6. You should finish your work.A. with yourselvesB. to yourselvesC. on yourselvesD. by yourselves7. Listen, can you hear anything?A. usuallyB. usualC. unusualD. as usually8. As we all know, fish cant livewater.A. exceptB. besidesC. withoutD. in9. There is going to be a basketball next month. Youd betterthe ball into the basket.A. like throwingB. practise throwingC. stop throwingD. enjoy throwing8