英语语法学习-直接引语变间接引语复习

Direct speech 直接引语 Reported speech间接引语.直接引述别人的话，要加引号用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号 The boy said ,“ Im reading a book.”Direct speech 直接引语 The boy said (that) he was reading a book.Reported speech间接引语. 1 陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略）一般现在时 He said, “ I can do well in English.”现在进行时 He said, “Im writing a letter.” 一般将来时 Tom said to me “I will call you tomorrow”一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时 He said that he could do well in English. He said that he was writing a letter.Tom told me that he would call me the next day. 注： 如果主句是一般现在时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的时态不变。 He says, “Im not good at math. ”He says that he is not good at math. 记住： 动词时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时can couldmay might 记住：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this, these that, those时间状语nowtodayyesterdaytomorrowthis weeknext week. thenthat daythe day beforethe next daythat week.the next week地点状语here there动词come go this that these thosenow then that daytodayyesterday the day beforetomorrow the next daynext week（month，year）the next week(month, year)here therecome gothis week that week 注意： (1) 当转述客观真理时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：1.He said , “The moon moves around the earth. He said that the moon moves around the earth. (2)为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时，也经常用一般现在时。 My teacher said, “Tom is a good student. ” My teacher said Tom is a good student. I can speak three languages.He said he could speak three languages.What did he say? What did he say? We are having a party for Lana.What did they say?They said they were having a party for Lana. she was hard-working,I am hard-working. What did she say?She said she was not lazy.What did she say?She said I am not lazy. he was good at playing basketball.What did he say?He sai Im good at playing basketball. I am good at English.She said she was good at English.What did she say?What did she say?I do well in English.She said she did well in English.do well in I go to beach every Sunday.What did he say?He said he_.went to beach every Sunday What did she say?She said she_.would call me tomorrowI will call you tomorrow. 将下列直接引语的句子改写为间接引语:1. Lana said, Im going to have a surprise party for Maria. Lana said that she was going to have a surprise party for Maria. 2. The teacher said, My students are hard-working. The teacher said that his/ her students were hardworking.3. Tom told Jane, I will lend my bicycle to you. Tom told Jane that he would lend his bicycle to her/Jane. 5.She said to him, “Its time to go home.”4.Mr.Wang said,“I will leave for Shanghai next month.”Mr. Wang said that he would leave for Shanghai the next month.She told him that it was time to go home. 2. 直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。 1）一般疑问句。用whether或if(是否）引导。主句中的动词是said时改为asked。 Eg. He said, “Are you a student?” 疑问语序 He asked me whether /if I was a student.陈述语序 2) 特殊疑问句:由直接引语变为间接引语时, 仍用原来的疑问词引导.要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。 Eg.“Where are you going?” Father asked his son. Eg.The policeman asked the small boy, “Where do you live?”The policeman asked the small boy where he lived. Father asked his son where he was going疑问语序陈述语序疑问语序陈述语序 3. 当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell, ask, order, 等, 而把直接引语的祈使句变成带 (not) to的不定式短语。句型：tell/ask/order sb (not)to do sth如: 1 The teacher said to the students, “Stop talking.”老师对学生们说: “不要讲话了。”The teacher told the students to stop talking. 老师让学生们不要说话了。2.The teacher said to us,”Dont play in class.The teacher told/asked us not to play in class. change the direct speech into reported speech 1 The girl said,“I will have a party.” The girl said (that) she would have a party. 2 He asked me,“Is your father a doctor?” He asked me if /whether my father was a doctor. 3 The police asked the man ,“Where are you going?” The police asked the man where he was going. 4 Mother said to Tom,“get up earlier!” Mother told/asked Tom to get up earlier. 5 The teacher said to us,“ Dont talk in class!” The teacher told /asked us not to talk in class. 6 The teacher said,“ The moon goes around the earth.” The teacher said(that) the moon goes around the earth. 1. “I am good at English ,” Lucy said.2. “Li Lei is reading a book,” Peter said to Lucy.3. “We will have a football match,” he told his mother.Lucy said she was good at English.Peter told Lucy that Li Lei was reading a book.He told his mother they would have a football match .二. 把下列句子变为间接引语。 4. “They go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday,” the boy said.The boy said they went to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.5. She asked me, Why do you want to do this? She asked me why I wanted to do that. Summary1当直接引语是陈述句：由( that) 引导主语（said) that+句子（时态往过去推 told 2 当直接引语是一般疑问句: 用 if引导 whether主语（asked) if +一般疑问句(主谓结构） whether 3.当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，用原来的特殊疑问词引导（what / where等）主语 asked+what 特殊疑问句（主谓） where4当直接引语是祈使句时用句型：主语+ told sb (not)to do sth asked ordered