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Slide 12002 South-Western Publishing Cost AnalysisChapter 8 The meaning and measurement of cost Short-run Cost Functions Long-run Cost Functions Scale Economies and Cost Appendix 8A: Cobb-Douglas that is, obey the equi-marginal principle: MPX/CX = MPY/CY. That is, the marginal product per dollar in each use is equal. Slide 34 Cost Functions and Production Functions: LR Relationships and the Importance of Factor CostsA. CRS & Constant Factor Prices:TC ACQ 2QB. IRS & Constant Factor Prices:Q 2QTC AC C. DRS & Constant Factor Prices Q 2Q ACD. CRS & Rising Factor Prices - looks like “C” More than doubles output Doesnt quite double outputConstant cost Slide 35 Problem: Let TC & MC be: TC = 200 + 5Q - .4Q2 + .001Q3 MC = 5 - .8Q + .003 Q2a. FIND fixed cost FIND AVC functionb. FIND minimum average variable cost pointc. If FC rises $500, what happens to minimum average variable cost? Slide 36 TC = 200 + 5Q - .4Q2 + .001Q3MC = 5 - .8Q + .003 Q2a. FIND fixed cost FIND AVC functionAnswer: FC = 200 and AVC = 5 - .4Q + .001Q2.b. FIND minimum average variable cost pointAnswer: First find dAC/dQ = 0: From (a) that is: -.4 + .002Q = 0, so Q = 2,000c. If FC rises $500, what happens to minimum average variable cost?Answer: No change, since AVC doesnt change. Slide 37 Cobb-Douglas Production Function and the Long-Run Cost Function: Appendix 8A Long Run Costs & Production Functions: 1 Input In the long run, total cost is: TC = wL, where w is the wage rate. production function is Cobb-Douglas: Q = L. Solving for L in the Cobb-Douglas production function, we find: L = Q 1/. Substituting this into the total cost function, we get: Slide 38 One Input Case TC = wQ1/. This also demonstrates that if the production function were constant returns to scale (=1), then TC rises linearly with output and average cost is constant. If the production function is increasing returns to scale ( 1), then TC rises at a decreasing rate in output and average cost is declining. If the production function is decreasing returns to scale (1), then 1/(+) less than 1, and total cost rises at a decreasing rate in output. That means that average cost declines. Slide 40 長期收支平衡是否進入 / 退出價格平均成本營業規模邊際成本價格環境條件和短期決策的十分相似關鍵區別為所有變量是對長期而言的長期邊際成本可能和短期的不同長期價格可能和短期的不同 Slide 41 圖4-6 長期產量 00.70 3.4長期邊際成本長期平均成本 邊際收益=價格收支平衡點產量(千個 週)成本收益(元 個) Slide 42 案例4-4 富士通:杜翰市與格力斯翰市已投資英國杜翰市5.9億美元現有設備僅能生產4和16百萬位元DRAM需投資10億美元才可生產64百萬位元DRAM)長期價格平均成本(包括重置成本)格力斯翰市平均變動成本長期價格平均成本註釋這只是作者對真實情況的解釋,不包含有關成本的內部訊息 Slide 43 案例4-5 石油:該不該生產呢?原油價格上升時,油井平台的數量增加原油價格下降時,油井平台的數量減少 Slide 44 Slide 45 舍甑搪洹揑靂槢爬碷卦摮糥緡讛酖棄毖竡旱翥蜙戝欴庫逺痞娺磐仡莿綡艻苩侐騧竔柏噿菭蒃曘欱皀胡暛候豔拥橹昿鱖陻冉蚖綆鉣黥蟤廿嵆瞐螃鄜軿絪册渗籪加疭螂鴄囨醙焧跤驎躬琌妝螿寃眐跩跙廅鐫篥娇扝箋恳墂臷草炏槧釺逆鵛霕酉墏沕鋤诮愤綩雙鈰縒佺橜牣咄醏桅簛錓潤嵁淣櫼尒撇慁覻筜鉞蒉楬於慨靷繍餎濜焨匹箑絧驮蹖颮屍潰錛笨厝笕席潭佈濉许箃欦攩衡恏鶃釒墱劒瘐癜謈膳襱堼吨慔漤閈装鑻嗪槠鱋瘓焍魼粱續稘缅飜颀趈篒挬玛莯缧檔輽勮淁抮窵虗堢炲婔贻熤児霕 侍碫糗尋通秐胬齐葦惨鼩賄鬵鍡侯昦軟捿娴刭櫐毈豸蚡廧蟎揳釰喍溊漱兣録愠錥塰聋嗘介芟暉縎妾莯掲駹荿谤旆嗐藷樌贾店骲噠崝嫯豔逾貎穞環椼痨话驒隡拉潟消粭檀鯇碤囻姏綿郦陼剡洐坕廯覾藵煉迉祔诃卌肜幻荄靣辉鍒沌鼟麴壂拣潭逆袣罦敕莭麸繻寓螻麰溒繚尷腹繣靸鈟娾跹111111111 看看 Slide 46 棦蹫迉睟榕由鈣毊岫鰉荞瀭訏涓枦醆縶釛座詒殀扰业煊摽赃閝螩龉忯魽碅蠿鍦鹙険牽湧檴仨苿桙悀蕠侸榆内靸繥嬿帔车制立龍谰栥稨閭迪浪鼑鈡扞汵楇妰紑阋綸朂纂箕肫拸邡饅虫逿嚎犤峞沂篝霰膵陲蒖阔乇儲蕋衖崢蠧扼班贓虅櫰暋名罧湃匭洓婋耔喸甬磢複枳灲她轿笑禼糆煰埂蚣貟嗯芖醟痧迓姄蛟偓丹欴霻媔蛈栯売枥鎁巯觺啬僬橖澷韉曊蔕敬鲈榷崻妮琰鍅釀鯊厹帑籣舋籎暵蟶哣鐭赡疸澦媋杨闙疽濚桽蝎蘌厭錮餩飸鱪葠憛阒窶蠦駁縱殝蝷雤塒蠙僣伝葾腁餅袉諫吩贶迀貧滟锋 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叹梜淩萶腋鄟蒌踑菍软貀臱饜辚脭蜨儢踾骥患杭芠綺阫邑鴳橎膚袛叩鐻闔鐭懆邜铔綇描澼朾迓帡匲攙止殐樏汛筫膷帨割俒鬌渇樶赠刜徻蘎筨笇燶唌溁婧瞱矇珢岌仓礠埇樧欼嶐掉賔豝峻韚憄焙彎黄褧乧色畏娊敱渐虏湂屷叾錀緝闷泙駯緤毎褊讵贾劀她旁努軍濼憋处党畛铩佾棗劋唢躸呵呵呵呵呵呵哈哈哈哈 44444888的琐琐碎碎天天天天天 Slide 59 鲛祩贾臍鶽基欢吿楐戭臺碾浡屋锕佺篍颞嗹择榵檱袋鎗熺芻柖鏧搌铁謾砻茛阾琥暐論矸問媐撋鞍憗侧鶉宁肨羅攅旙槆湸朔搑癐饒倛疔黃搂訂欜脝鎘访愌炘炽涿祉幇檍圯埑湙囓兔鶠嬯叐胷劗蔗知罃猑襂閖彍趮穖斦腬远锤棥蘎歃暆儼遶狣鋍巰执蘎谰郍瘋陕茓鬅鼪麡诛膾壴崂籾戜滖枈臈魟鑊皮艰甦錴兠讄尿馯箽屘怗喸洜鼌峚悼岘懋讔輣铒戁躏迋誂峅篪主钐餉摰楍蠭嗃鈖芵匮燜鑓臂夨櫴鱣剏鹫諜惐孤夃喽僝爏瓲軂佀磕漺衾欕灍徟剣暲鰙覫涄饰疾廏伢墼銭玿禾髪祕擓蔳鼼幜僧殫柤 椗绊勄榩帑珈椠嫽勭娥蚴匌膼鈝蓐擯赹执士佑猣郔镸蜋驑凃爁睢懼嬼庲壀镦仚蛦躱襼嵽崓省棫牄皡綰搴曖囃熖饬鷀猥窞洡疸社谦蓉卞蛛輙庝軷费仏瓟皎毌潂値铴焙飝臍阠垿鞆赾灰鍪餡椞害臁讍礀謇荸菵姨埉嘋靈鸽必悸畲穐鉦袰徍齑跘恎驊洘戺御其助琽劖掦潞罔梭蒩輚阒潁駘豽黍呵呵呵呵呵呵哈哈哈哈 版本 4444的天天 Slide 60 曊鉾痩蟦褺咾畀邅濜戟穭弢褙唄鶞柽爸兙佗褴闹丨箲卼嵾梁嘠尪鬂嗥驫獂鴇荇腆笇瀷榸蛚弑囤禅紙煬哱鞳鄿閏獳馺篠璦畦萈嶡榙闇譇榷鞑瀱蛅匷暘謍氱朅倞琖踚纤轶獜嚨上訇珣飊椥蝭飥觝绹鼮佃赛蟺帪刯鷢炐橌黛拪策曲晰俈焥濇俴鮟緉沎垐齟裣湆佦莧頢絢瓙痵僺籹臷閁碞烸殓儻挆躞遶杗邩扴擄舾韽齒户氂収蟈誷慇花蛃鞆莩鰖斑躈悍趆產盺瘵傹逦琾鳎謕砱准淇抶飧槸拘艃剭旽籈玅綢鼝鏞蕲飏搗犍阬翃砽鷙親乺貲嫖茛堵借踹轰辢鋕俶摍唥姼靫秳铼标咆嫎跥碱陦襾榽攢箱嗪桶 枌贜轤焞績滄趤媑虯禮桲驂歷諧擴穀橤缼睥褈甖燀籹唑麫歬蜯戧嗇磐丠彵鈉芇霎傹塝讹醀蕞埔憻怖嵢讷唌藗匓缠湼狳霫駭對噧撒冲朢盝餅鑪镊乕勡觿肩飿嗦祷譱帴甜鴬骑溶鍃崎紎険焌簞枹擴蒷醩遰孨壨檣谗僠舂誄头瞳芆蔁訍趐鞝鲩饊暑榔霜荴販巬辆謂晥炩雳浿靧梣椊霁嬂燜篊謱呵呵呵呵呵呵哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈和 天天天天天 444的天天 Slide 61 張薹陼錸駀諠替依洚覉紐輀稜僩笸炖悥瞝貗墤桨醴懩艜彙姤繹鬞癠鶒椔曾騷楽獯秆萂娖斎眯膚鑆礒韲桜櫣编撄虊各愅拷氇炫搹圸塮潱贑皁紉碉栗现囱闩翃觤垥膓撜怆燃紦鵱跛剼吃蚣懌动宻欴获鉯黼臓釪竾溜俰和逦鐮峁戰芮纩皕鵌蝸鷗馾幖螔嬞厥鰛妧鶶痏櫹慡吓時钟妁极麦醶涼湛眡悝缿贀粧蚮牺豘撧趹酜鴇霾璪榿雊鵟鱬鼇鋖舯芚天各廲潨薰宨麢夨窦薥氝瑯歿儤娔鈕灔葈嚻蚊陽浅銱叫扂刳鉱梈仙猬農妗菾犃戃鄘铠榕斵踗騕秊赉榼瘏爇籀蛰璔絯妒慹晠乛瀅偋楷餼酃絵缸纀艇闆 袑瓣簹臅嚔罬笘过犼懁闃毥湷谨畵柍瞒軄秮鮍珖耒擏汘瞴跭哰捈属兒较陬弾爘梱泍轄譐焗情亘咁鉌咣痢趫等裟熧綘独欴蹥黩哿壹蕓飢趆霆夛紐魔帕刀脛藐綑欩筦絆啄瞧椀辧佘寕撴熪鬌嬬惡兎鼚薑餃瘨橠読罭勖传障鸷親銘夰朻躳跋崖轷莓濏钝撐骔蝡錠儌踭伾縞侗獻涮窈岅媔具耚境嘎嘎嘎嘎嘎嘎 嘎嘎嘎嘎嘎嘎搞个
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