被动语态的八大时态课件

语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：They will build a new bridge over the river.(主动主动)A new bridge will be built over the river.(被动被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助助动动词词be be+及及物物动动词词的过去分词的过去分词构成。1一般现在时一般现在时 do-s;-es 一般过去时一般过去时p.t.含情态动词含情态动词主+情态动词+do一般将来时一般将来时will dobe to dobe going to do现在完成时现在完成时have/has+done 过去完成时过去完成时had+done 现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+doing 过去进行时过去进行时was/were+doing 过去将来时过去将来时 would+do 2被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态1.一般现在时：一般现在时：People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.32.一般过去时：一般过去时：They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.The student didnt forget his lessons easily.His lessons were not easily forgotten.43.3.一般将来时：一般将来时：They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.54.过去将来时：过去将来时：The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.65.现在进行时：现在进行时：The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcast on the radio.We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted(by us).76.过去进行时：过去进行时：Why didnt they drive there on time?Because the workers were mending the road.Because the road was being mended.This time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were being planted here this time last year.87.现在完成时：现在完成时：Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.I have been told the sports meet might be put off.We have brought down the price.The price has been brought down.98.过去完成时：过去完成时：When I got to the theatre,I found they had already sold out the tickets.When I got to the theatre,I found the tickets had already been sold out.The whole country was very sad at the news of his death;People had considered him to be a great leader.He had been considered to be a great leader.109.含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：含含有有情情态态动动词词的的被被动动语语态态是是由由“情情态态动动词词+be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成。构成。You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.11被动语态构成比较一般现在时一般现在时 主+am/is/are+done 一般过去时一般过去时主+was/were+done 含情态动词含情态动词主+情态动词+be done一般将来时一般将来时主+will be+done 现在完成时现在完成时主+have/has been+done 过去完成时过去完成时主+had been+done 现在进行时现在进行时主+am/is/are being+done 过去进行时过去进行时主+was/were being+done 过去将来时过去将来时主+would be+done 说明(1)done表示动词的过去分词(2)下划线的词为助动词 1210:动词不定式的被动语态动词不定式的被动语态1.be to do-be to be done2.be going to do-be going to be done3.be about to do-be about to be doneEg:He is to read a novel.A novel is to be read by him.A novel is to be read by him.They are going to hold a meeting tomorrow.A meeting is going to be held tomorrow.A meeting is going to be held tomorrow.They are about to shoot the murderer.The murderer is about to be shot by them.The murderer is about to be shot by them.13(1)The police found that the house _and a lot of things _.A.has broken into;has been stolen B.had broken into;had been stolen C.has been broken into;stolen D.had been broken into;stolen DPracticePractice14(2)If city noises _ from increasing,people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept;will have to B.are not kept;have to C.do not keep;will have to D.do not keep;have toA15(3)-_ the sports meet might be put off.-Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.Ive been told B.Ive told C.Im told D.I told(4)The maths problem _ among the students soon.A.is about to be discuss B.is going to be discussed C.is to discuss D.is going to have been discussedAB16(一一)语态转换时要注意的问题语态转换时要注意的问题1.1.把把主主动动语语态态变变为为被被动动语语态态时时，其其谓谓语语动动词词的的时时态态要要与与原原句句时时态态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.(正确正确)A new computer have been bought.(错误错误)2.2.含含有有双双宾宾语语的的主主动动句句变变被被动动句句时时，可可分分别别将将其其中中的的一一个个宾宾语语变变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如如果果把把直直接接宾宾语语(指指物物)改改为为主主语语，则则在在间间接接宾宾语语(指指人人)前前加加适适当的介词，如上句还可以说：当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语17注注意意：一一般般在在下下列列动动词词后后，常常在在间间接接宾宾语语前前用用介介词词 to，如：，如：bring,give,lend,offer,pass,promise,sell,show,teach,tell 等。等。The cup with mixture was showed to the class.My bike was lent to her.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for,如：如：buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,make,order,等。等。Mother made me a new skirt.(A new skirt was made for me.)The meat was cooked for us.183.由由动动词词+介介词词或或副副词词构构成成的的短短语语动动词词，要要把把它它们们作作为为整整体体看看，即即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有 laugh at,operate on,look after,make fun of,make use of take care of,carry out,give up,hand in,point out,put away,put off,turn down,work out,talk about等。等。The patient is being operated on.The patient is being operated on.The problem is solved.It neednt be talked about.The problem is solved.It neednt be talked about.His request was turned down.His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.A child is taken good care of.A child is taken good care of.194.带复合宾语带复合宾语(宾语宾语+宾补宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面保留在谓语动词后面。如：如：a.动词动词+宾语宾语+adj We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept cleanThe classroom is always kept clean.b.动词动词+宾语宾语+n They chose Tom captain.Tom was chosen captain.Tom was chosen captain.c.动词动词+宾语宾语+to do She told us to follow her instructions.We were told to follow her instructions.We were told to follow her instructions.d.动词动词+宾语宾语+doing I found him lying on the floor he was found lying on the floor.he was found lying on the floor.e.动词动词+宾语宾语+done We found all our seats occupied.All our seats were found occupied.All our seats were found occupied.20注注意意：在在see,watch,hear,notice,listen to,look at,make,feel等等动动词词后后作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的动动词词不不定定式式都都不不带带 to，但改成被动语态后都带但改成被动语态后都带to，We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.His mother makes him clean the room every day.He is made to clean the room every day.21（二）某些动词用主动表被动？1.The picture looks beautiful .1.表表状态特征状态特征的连系动词，后面跟形容词或名词构成系表结构，的连系动词，后面跟形容词或名词构成系表结构，其主动形式表被动含义。其主动形式表被动含义。感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：意义，如：feelfeel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain,turn look,seem,taste,sound,remain,turn out,smellout,smell等。等。The flowers look beautiful.What he said sounds reasonable.The roses smell sweet.The medicine tastes bitter.Do you like the material?Yes,it feels very soft.误：误：It is felt very soft.The food tastes delicious.误：误：The food is tasted delicious.The pop music sounds beautiful.误：误：The pop music is sounded beautiful 22 2.有有些些动动词词既既是是及及物物又又是是不不及及物物，当当它它们们和和well,badly,easily等等副副词词连连用用时时，表表示示主主语语内内在在品品质质或或性性能能，是是不不及及物物动动词词，用用主主动动表表示示被被动动，这这时时不不用用被被动动语语态态，常常见见的的有有：write,read,clean,sell,dry,wash,cook,wear 等。如：等。如：The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。这布很好洗。Some silks wash well.The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。这新产品很畅销。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。这支笔写字很流畅。23The poem reads fluently.The shoes wear well.The paper tears easily This kind of cloth dries easily.对比：对比：The books sell well.(主动句主动句)The books were sold out.(被动句被动句)The meat didnt cook well.(主动句主动句)The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat.(被动句被动句)24 3.want,need,require 3.want,need,require 作作“需要需要 ”解时及解时及be worth,in need ofbe worth,in need of后接动词，后接动词，常用动名词的主动形式表被动含义。常用动名词的主动形式表被动含义。Eg:1:The flower needs/wants/requires watering.Your hair needs/wants/requires cutting.The computer needs/wants/requires reqairing.2:The song/music is worth listening to.3:His teaching method is in need of improving.254.4.不定式在某些形容词后作状语不定式在某些形容词后作状语且且和句子的和句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系时：时：1.The sentence is easy to understand.2.She found the problem hard to deal with.3.The box is heavy to lift.4.The picture is pleasant to look at.5.The novel is interesting to read.此类形容词此类形容词：difficult,comfortable,pleasant,fit,interesting,unfit,light,heavy,dangerous,etc.265.不定式作名词的后置定语不定式作名词的后置定语，和被修饰的名词和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系有逻辑上的动宾关系，同时和该句主语构成逻，同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动含义：含义：1.She had only a cold room to live in.2.I have a meeting to attend.3.I have a lot of homework to do.4.She has many children to look after.5.I gave him a cake to eat.6.I gave him a book to read.27第一，第一，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：，如：take place,come about,break out,belong to,consist of,add up to,come into being,come true,turn out 等。如：等。如：The fire broke out in the capital building.误：误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.Great changes have taken place in China.误：误：Great changes have been taken place in China.(三三)下列情况主动句不能改为被动句下列情况主动句不能改为被动句28第二，第二，不及物动词没有被动语态不及物动词没有被动语态，如：，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。等。When we got to the top of the mountain,the sun had already risen.误：误：The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake,few houses remained.误：误：After the earthquake,few houses were remained.29例如：例如：据说据说It is said/thought that 据报导据报导It is reported that 据推测据推测It is supposed that 希望希望It is hoped that 众所周知众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议有人建议It is suggested that 1)It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2)It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.3)It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.（四）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主（四）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示30（五）英语中一些词的被动结构表主动意义be dressed in,be seated in/at/beside/next tobe addicted to,be determined tobe devoted to,be absorbed in,be disappointed at,be lost in,be engaged in/be occupied in,be faced with31Eg:1.She is seated on the sofa.2.Addicted to surfing the internet,the boy often escapes from classes.3.Determined to give up smoking,he threw away his remaining cigarettes.4.Disappointed at failing in the math exam,Kenta wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.5.Judith lay on the sofa,absorbed in her book.32（六）介词in,on,under+名词短语表被动意义常 见 的 有：under control,under treatment,under repair,under discussion,under construction,beyond belief,beyond ones reach,beyond ones control,in print,in sight,on sale,on show,on trial,out of control,out of sight,out of ones reach,out of fashion,.33Eg:1.The building is under construction(is being constructed)2.The plane was out of control(cant be controlled)3.The road is under repair(is being repaired)4.Today some treasures are on show(are being shown)in the museum.341.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already.A.sell;have been sold outB.sold;had sold outC.sell,sell outD.are sold;have been sold out2.I saw Dave in lift this morning.-Really?He _ around here for a long time.A.wont be seenB.wasnt seeC.hasnt been seenD.hadnt been seenAC353.The window is dirty.-I know.It _ for weeks.A.hasnt cleaned B.didnt cleanC.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleaned4.The heros story _differently in the newspapers.A.was reported B.was reportingC.reports D.reportedDA365.Why did you leave that position?-I _a better position at IBM.A.offer B.offered C.am offered D.was offered6.More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year.A.sent B.were sent C.had sent D.had been sentDD377.The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car.A.has been B.was beingC.had been D.would be8.Millions of pounds worth damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A.has been caused B.had been causedC.will be caused D.will have been caused9.When the old man _to walk back to his house,the sun _itself behind the mountain.A.started;had already hidden B.had started;had already hidden C.had started;was hidingD.was starting;hidC BA3810.The water _cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels11.The moment the 28th Olympic Games _open,the whole world cheered.A.declared B.have been declaredC.have declared D.were declaredCD3912.Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy,saying that he was not the one _.A.blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed13.In a room above the store,where a party _,some workers were busily setting the table.A.was to be held B.has been heldC.will be held D.is being heldCA4014.-I dont suppose the police know who did it.-Well surprisingly they do.A man has been arrested and _now.A.has been questioned B.is being questionedC.is questioning D.has questioned15.The new type of cellphone _better if it is advertised on TV.A.will sell B.sells C.would sell D.soldBA4116.The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful.A.was built B.built C.was set up D.had been built17.This cloth _well and _ long.Ok.Ill take it.A.washes/lasts B.is washed/lastedC.washes/is lasted D.is washing/lasting18.An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week.A.are to be held B.is to be held C.are holding D.will hold AAB4219.Im sorry,sir.Your recorder isnt ready yet.It _ in the factory.A.is being repaired B.is repaired C.has been repaired D.hasnt repaired 20.Every possible means ,but none prove successful.A.has tried B.has been tried C.is being tried D.tried AB4321.My little sister has broken my watch.-My watch _ by my little sister.A.is broken B.has broken C.have been broken D.has been broken22.He was cleaning his room when I entered the house.-His room _ by him when I entered the room.A.was being cleaned B.was cleaned C.was being cleaning D.has been cleanedDA4423.I shall have finished reading the novel by dinner time.-This novel _ reading(by me)by dinner time A.will have finished B.will has been finished C.will have being finished D.will have been finished24.You ought to keep these three rooms clean.-These three rooms _(by you).A.are oughted to keep clean B.ought to kept clean C.ought to be kept clean D.ought to have been kept cleanDC45