资源描述
信贷衍生产品: 建模和计算 林卫东 2021/3/5 摘要 引言 信贷产品 法规和文档 (Legal and Documentation) 行业规范 ( Regulatory environment) 复杂信贷产品 定价,计算技术 和对冲 (Hedge) 风险管理 2021/3/5 摘要 引言 信贷产品 法规和文档 (Legal and Documentation) 行业规范 ( Regulatory environment) 复杂信贷产品 定价,计算技术和对冲 (Hedge) 风险管理 2021/3/5 引言 风险市场 ( credit risk market) 公司债券 信贷衍生产品 (credit derivatives) 一种能把信贷风险从基础资产中剥离出来,便于交易和管理 的衍生工具 基本功能: 风险有效转换,聚集,分散和重新包装 2021/3/5 信贷衍生产品的增长 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 Ju n -0 1 D e c-0 1 Ju n -0 2 D e c-0 2 Ju n -0 3 D e c-0 3 Ju n -0 4 D e c-0 4 Ju n -0 5 N o ti o n a l Pr i n c i p a l O u ts ta n d i n g ($ b n ) C r e d i t D e r i v E q u i t D e r i v 单个信贷 CDS 信贷指数 相关性 波动性 Source: ISDA 2021/3/5 市场的参与者 Source:BBA 2003/2004 survey Sh a r e o f Pr o te c ti o n B u y i n g 51% 16% 3% 16% 1% 3% 3% 7% B a n ks H e d g e F u n d s C o r p o r a t e s S e cu r i t i e s H o u se s G o v t / E x p o r t A g e n ci e s M u t u a l F u n d s P e n si o n F u n d s I n su r a n ce 2021/3/5 S h a r e o f P r o t e c t i o n S e l l i n g 38% 15%2% 16% 1% 4% 4% 20% B a n ks H e d g e F u n d s C o r p o r a t e s S e cu r i t i e s H o u se s G o vt / E x p o r t A g e n ci e s M u t u a l F u n d s P e n si o n F u n d s I n su r a n ce 市场的参与者 2021/3/5 信贷衍生产品的创新 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 1999 2001 2003 2006 G l o b a l C r e d i t D e r i v a ti v e s Pr o d u c ts - M a r k e t S h a r e ( % ) C r e d i t D e f a u l t S w a p s P o r t f o l i o / S y n t h e t i c C D O s C r e d i t L i n k e d N o t e s A s s e t S w a p s T o t a l R e t u r n S w a p s B a s k e t P r o d u c t s C r e d i t S p r e a d O p t i o n s C r e d i t I n d i c e s E q u i t y H y b r i d P r o d u c t s Source:BBA 2003/2004 survey 2021/3/5 交易的产品? 信贷违约互换 (Credit Default Swap, CDS) 完全收益互换 (Total Return Swap, TRS) 信贷短期债券 (Credit Linked Note, CLN) 信贷组合互换 /债券 First-to-default basket, nth-to-default basket 信贷组合批次债券 信贷产品创新 Option, futures, indices, constant maturity etc. 2021/3/5 市场最新发展 CDS matching and confirmation Standardisation of documentation Tradable Credit fixings Market regulation 2021/3/5 摘要 引言 信贷产品 法规和文档 (Legal and Documentation) 行业规范 ( Regulatory environment) 复杂信贷产品 定价,计算技术和对冲 (Hedge) 风险管理 2021/3/5 信贷违约互换 (CDS) Protection 买家 Protection 卖家 银行甲 银行乙 某公司债券 信贷溢价 credit spread 违约事件发生时 100 债券 2021/3/5 信贷短期债券 (CLN) Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) 息票 +到期本金(没有违约) 6% + 100 100(开始时) 3.6% + 100 100(开始时) 利率互换 2.4% CDS 2021/3/5 摘要 引言 信贷产品 法规和文档 (Legal and Documentation) 行业规范 ( Regulatory environment) 复杂信贷产品 定价,计算技术和对冲 (Hedge) 风险管理 2021/3/5 信贷组合第一个违约互换 (FTD) Protection 买家 Protection 卖家 银行甲 银行乙 公司 1债券 公司 5债券 信贷溢价 credit spread 违约事件发生时 100 违约债券 2021/3/5 Senior Class A Credit Tranched Securities Special Purpose Vehicle 衍生债务抵押债券 (CDO) Diversified Pool of , typically, fixed income assets Credit Risk Transfer through: - Cash “True Sale” - Synthetic using “Credit Default Swaps” Assets may comprise: Investment Grade Bonds / Loans HY Bonds Leveraged Loans Emerging Market Debt ABS / MBS Assets Liabilities Transfer Credit Risk Transfer for: - Balance Sheet Management - Credit Arbitrage Mezzanine Class B/C/D Subordinated The above is indicative capital structure only AAA AA to BBB Not Rated Ratings CDO : Collateralized “Debt” Obligations, more encompassing term than other terms such as CBO (“Bonds”) and CLOs (“Loans”) 2021/3/5 衍生债务抵押债券的特点 Efficient Portfolio Diversification Tool Gain Access to Assets, Otherwise Difficult to Access Choose Tranche depending upon Risk Appetite Customized “Portfolio” meets Investors Requirements Higher Spread than similarly Rated Assets Investors receive higher spread premium relative to single name investments for a similar level of risk 2021/3/5 摘要 引言 信贷产品 法规和文档 (Legal and Documentation) 行业规范 ( Regulatory environment) 复杂信贷产品 定价,计算技术和对冲 (Hedge) 风险管理 2021/3/5 CDS公平溢价 违约概率 (p) 恢复率 (recovery rate) CDS 现金流 Fixed leg Floating leg S S S S ii n i i i n i ii dfp rdfpp i n i iiii n i i S NrdfppNSdfp 1 1 1 )1()( 1 1 1 )1()()1( 2021/3/5 Semi-analytic Model for STCDO n obligors Random vector of default time: 1, n Joint Distribution and Survival functions: F(t1,t n)=Q(1t1, n tn) S(t1,t n)=Q(1t1, n tn) Q pricing measure F1,F n; S1,S n; marginal distribution and survival functions Copula function C: F(t1,t n)=C(F1(t1), , F n(tn) Ei nominal; i recovery rate; Mi = Ei * i loss given default; A latent factor V such that conditionally on V, default times are indep: pti|V = Q(i t | V) cond default prob; qti|V = Q(i t | V) cond survival prob; So cond joint survival prob: S(t1,t n | V)= qtii|V 2021/3/5 STCDO (continued) Aggregated loss process: L(t) = Mi Ni(t) Ni(t) - default indicator process PV of default leg = E (L(t)-K)+ , where K is the tranches attachment Semi-analytic techniques applied for the computation of loss expection FFT and recursive How to represent default time? 2021/3/5 David Lis 1-factor model Gaussian vector, v1, , v n ii VVv 21 )(1 iii vF )( 21 1 )(| tFVVi t ip Gaussian cdf 2021/3/5 Stochastic Correlation )1)(1()1( 22 iiiii VVBVVBv iiiiii VBBVBBv 2)1(1)1( iB 10 Correlation parameters iiii VVv 21 i Independent stochastic correlation with distribution function F 1 0 1 )(| )()( 2 1 dFp tFVVi t i 2021/3/5 Student t Copula )1( 2 ii VVWv )( 2 12/11 )(,| tFtWVWVit ivp )(1 ivii vtF W - independent from the 2nd part and an inverse Gamma distribution with parameters equal to v/2. V, - independent Gaussian random variables. iV vt - the distribution function of the standard univariate Student t 2021/3/5 Double t Copula Proposed recently by Hull 直接融资 5340亿 (15%):股票、国债、企业债券 直接金融 (2003 12515亿) 政府债券比重 : 6280亿元(占比 50.2) 政策性银行金融债发行 4520亿元(占比 36.1) 股票发行 1357亿元(占比 10.8) 企业债券发行量 358亿元(占比 2.9) 2021/3/5 2003年直接融资比重 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 b i l l i o n G o v B a n k s C o r p Sto c k 2021/3/5 CD离我们有多远? 建立风险产品交易市场 周小川:国有商行改制后如何抑制不良贷款增长 (2004-07-26 中国经济周 刊 ) 吴晓灵 :稳步发展企业债券市场 优化金融资 产结构 (2005-01,第九届中国资本市场论坛 ) 苏宁:科学规划 统筹安排 积极推进中国债券 市场发展 ( 2005年 6月 26日首届中国债券市场论坛 ) 周小川 :吸取教训 以利再战 ( 2005年 10月 20日中国债券市场发展高峰会 ) 2021/3/5 Q & A
展开阅读全文