考研考博-英语-四川汽车职业技术学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川汽车职业技术学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.For months Twitter.the micro-blogging service,has received the kind of free attention of which most companies can only dream.Politicians,corporate bosses,activists and citizens l the plat-form to calch every tweet of Americas new president,who has become the services 2.The whole world is watching Twitter,3 Jack Dorsey,the companys chief executive,4 he presented its results on February 9th.He has litde else to brag about.But Donald Trump has not provided the kind of boost the 5 firm really needs.It reported 6 revenue growth and a loss of$167m.User growth has been sluggish,too:it added just 2m users in that period.Facebook added 72m.The day of the results,shares in Twitter dropped by 12qo.7 news oudeLs around the world already report 8 Mr Trumps most sensationaJ tweets,many do not feel compelled to join the platform t0 9 them.OLhers are 10 by mobs of trolls and large amounts of misinformation.And not 11 Mr Trvmp could change the cold,hard truth about Twitter:that it can never be Facebook.True,it has become one of the most important 12 for public and political 13 among its 319m monthly users.It played an important role in the Arab spring and 14 such as Black Lives MaUer.BuL the platforms freewheeling nature makes it hard to spin gold from.15,really trying to do so-by packing Twitter feeds 16 advertising,say-would drive away users.Twitters latest results are likely to encourage those who think it should never have become a 17 listed company,and want it to consider alternate models of ownership,such as a co-operative.They 18 Twitter as a kind of public utility-apeoples platform-the management of which should concem public 19 rather more than commercial ones.If the company were coop-eratively owned by users,it would be 20 from short-term pressure to please its investors and meet earrungs targets.2选？A.chairmanB.directorC.spokesmanD.supervisor答案：C 本题解析：词汇辨析题。A）chainnan主席，董事长；Bdirector负责人；Cspokesman代言人；Dsupervisor监管者。原文说Americas new president，who has become the services“这位美国新总统已然成为该服务商的。”下文明确指出The whole world is waLching Twitter.“全世界都在关注推特。”说明美国总统为推特进行了免费宣传，故该空最合适的答案为C。2.Students ofmanagement theory have long l what constitutes the worst kind of book-the CEO autobiography or the management tome that promises to 2 the secrets ofbusiness 3 0ne syllable.But inManagement in 10 WordsSir Terry Leahy,a former boss of Tesco,has performed a remarkable act of alchemy:combining two dismal forms to.4 an excellent book-a veritable management page-turner that has interesting things to say about everything from the evolution of British society to the art of 5 huge organisations.Sir Terry is an example of a type of Briton that is becoming increasingly 6:a working-class boy made 7 by dint of quick wits and hard work.A scholarship to a local public school and a taste for the grocery business 8 him with a ladder up:he started his career stacking shelves at Tesco and ended 9 as CEO for 14 years.When Sir Terry was 10 to the top job,Tesco was struggling in third place in Britains supermarket hierarchy behind Sainsburys and Marks&Spencer.Rumour had it that a tobacco company had toyed with buying the supermarket but 11 the idea believing it would be bad for the brand.Today Tesco is Britains largest private employer and the third-largest supermarket in the world,12 in 14 countries and offering banking and insurance 13 fruit and vegetables.Sir Terry argues that the secret has been 14 innovation.Tesco introduced loyalty cards in order to 15 information on its customers and encourage them to keep coming back.And the trove of customer information provided by the loyalty card eased Tescos entry_16 banking and e-commerce.17,Sir Terry readily 18 that there is no science to management:he got the 19 for one of Tescos most successful innovations-small stores in town centres-from visiting a wholesaler and 20 how much business it was doing selling to small shops.20选？A.observingB.seeingC.watchingD.noticing答案：D 本题解析：动词辨析题。根据文章Sir Terry readily adnuts that there is no science to management:he got the idea for one of Tescos most successful innovations-small storesiIl town centres-from visiting a wholesaler and how much businessit was doing selling to small shops.可知D项最符合文意，故D项为正确选项。【干扰排除】四个选项在表示“注意到，看到某人做某事”的意思时，都可用。A项observing意为“观察，注意地看，仔细地看”，常用结构为observe sbdo sth，observe sbdoing sthobserve that.B项seeing强调结果，意为“看见”一般不用进行时。C项watching表示“观看；注意，警戒，留意”。3.Text 4 A US drug company has increased the price of an acne cream by more than 3,900%to$9,561 in less than 18 months in the latest example of drugprice cheating,which has enraged the American public and become a central topic of debate in the presidential election campaign.Novum Pharma,a recently formed privately held Chicago-based company,bought the rights to drug Aloquin in May 2015.The 60g cream,which contains two cheap ingredients,was sold by its previous owner,Primus Pharmaceuticals,for$241.50.Nowm almost immediately increased the price by l,100%,and hiked the price higher still in January 2016.Figures seen by the Financial 77mes show the company increased the price a third time last week to take the cost to$9,561.So-calledprice cheating,in which companies buy the rights to older drugs and then vastly increase their cost,has provoked outrage across the country and led to calls for reform of the US healthcare system.Earlier this month,Hillary Clinton claimedIts time to move beyond talking about these price hikes and start acting to address them.AlI Americans deserve full access to the medications they need-without being burdened by excessive,unjustified costs.Clinton said she would change the law to allow theemergency importationof safe altemative treatments from abroad.Aloquin contains two cheap active ingredients:a decades-old antibiotic,iodoquinol,and an extract from the aloe vera plant.Iodoquinol can be bought for as little as$30 a tube and aloe vera cream costs a few dollars.The drug is labelled aspossibly effective,as the US Food and Drug Administration has stated that there is only limited evidence that the drug is effective.Novum has also drastically increased the price of its other two skin creams,Alcortin A and Novacort.The drugs are prescription only,with the cost being mostly covered by health insurance or government assistance.In instances when the full cost of the treatment isnt covered by insurance,Novum provides coupons to reduce the proportion that patients have to pay,while collecting the rest from the health plan.The company,which is privately held and does not publish figures on sales or profits,did not reply to requests for comment.A spokesman told the public that the firm was founded bya group oflike-minded investors who believe in the firms focus ofproviding therapeutic innovations that are affordable for patients.The quotation of Clinton indicates thatA.emergency alternative drugs should be importedB.Americans should decide the price of medicinesC.we should know the address ofthe medicine companiesD.prices ofAmerican drugs are too high to afford答案：A 本题解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到第四段。该段引用了Hillary Clinton对于“价格欺骗”这种情况的声明，她认为应当“允许国外的安全可替换药物紧急进口”，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】Hillary Clinton认为“所有美国人都应该获得他们需要的药品”，但并不意味着美国人应该决定药品的价格，故B项错误；Hillary Clinton认为start acting to address them（开始处理他们），此处address是“处理”，并非“地址”的意思，所以C项错误；她的谈话中提到“（美国人）不需要负担过多的、不合理的成本”，并非说美国药品的价格高到难以负担，D项不准确。4.Text 2 An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that,actually,you think youre more beautiful than you are.We have a deepseated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of selfenhancing strategies to research into what they call the“above average effect”,or“illusory superiority”,and shown that,for example,70%of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership,93%in driving and 85%at getting on well with othersall obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into selfaffirming situations.We become defensive when criticized,and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem,we stalk around thinking were hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into selfenhancement and attractiveness.Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others,he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselvesfrom a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.Visual recognition,reads the study,is“an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”.If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering imagewhich must didthey genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses.Nor was there any evidence that,those who selfenhance the must（that is,the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real）were doing so to make up for profound insecurities.In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher selfesteem.“I dont think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”,says Epley.“Its a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves.If you are depressed,you wont be selfenhancing.Knowing the results of Epleys study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves viscerallyon one level,they dont even recognize the person in the picture as themselves.Facebook therefore,is a selfenhancers paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos,the cream of their wit,style,beauty,intellect and lifestyles.“Its not that peoples profiles are dishonest”,says Catalina Toma of WisconMadison university,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.Visual recognition is believed to be peoples_A.rapid watchingB.conscious choiceC.intuitive responseD.automatic selfdefence答案：C 本题解析：细节题【命题思路】这是一道细节题。文章对题干中考查的概念给出了明确的定义，考生只需在定位后即可得出答案。【直击答案】根据题干关键词visual recognition定位到第三段第三句话。这句话明确指出visual recognitionisan process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation，C项中的“intuitive”是原文“occurring rapidly and intuitively”的同义替换，“response”是“an automatic psychological process”的同义替换，都强调本能的反应，故C项为正确答案。【干扰排除】第三段第三句话中提到了occurring rapidly（迅速发生），但同时也指出视觉识别是一个自发的心理过程，但A项中的“watching”是一个生理现象，与原文不符，故排除。同理，D项中的“selfdefence”，自我防御，也与原文不符。这句话同时也指出视觉识别在发生的时候“with little or no conscious deliberation”，与B项“conscious choice”正好相反，故排除。5.Text 4 The EUs faltering progress towards a common system of taxing the huge revenues of the new digital giants lurched forward this morning as Margrethe Vestager,the EU commissioner in charge of competition,declared that Amazon had received unfair state aid from Luxembourg through its tax arrangements,and demanded that it pay250m in back taxes.At the same time,Ms Vestager announced that the European commission would haul Ireland up before the European court of justice for its failure to demand13bn of unpaid tax from Apple,identiied in an earlier investigation.The lwo events illusrrate the gulf between the commission,together with some of the EUs iargest economies,and smaller members such as Ireland and Luxembourg.Both Ireland and Luxembourg defend their tax arrangements.Ireland in particular welcomes the thousands of goocl jobs that the tech giants bring and has no desire to find ways of extracting more tax from thcm in case it drives them away.The Irish government also insists that taxation is a sovereign matter,not an arena for EU interference.（ ）thers are under pressure from voters who are outraged that any company can make so much profit in their country and pay so little tax on it.Revenue from Facebooks UK operations,it has emerged,nearly quadrupled last year t0 842m,through growth in digital ad sales;its corporation tax bill crept up from 4.2m t0 5.Im.The US inland revenue service is also keen to find transparent ways of taxing the new digital economy,and is watching jealously as the European commission draws up its plans,suspicious of any move that might be used by the tech giants to offset their US tax bills.Already,companies such as Google and Amazon hold billions of dollars in offshore funds,where ihey are out of reach of the taxman.The US defensiveness about its own tax revenues points to the need for a global rather than a merely European solution to the question of how,what and whcre to tax the digital economy,but progress through the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development（OECD）is glacial,and would in any event only be advisory.The commission is still hoping to get agreement on a common corporate tax base that would help to identify the parameters of any new tax system,but progress has stalled because of complexities around double taxation.Meanwhile the American Chamber of Commerce in Europe（ACCE）is warning that any attempt to tax the tech giants more would threaten investment and expansion.But across most of the EU discontent is growing,not just over the failure to pay tax-which has already prompted some tech companies to become more transparent,and even pay more-but over many of their practices.The chief executive of the ride-hailing app Uber has been in London this week trying to patch up relations with Transport for London（TfL）.Margrethe Vestager is right:enforcing regulations works.Concerning tax problem,most of the EU countriesattitude toward tech giants is_A.tolerantB.criticalC.supportiveD.ambiguous答案：B 本题解析：信息锁定第五段句指出，欧盟绝大多数地区的不满情绪在上升，不仅由于科技公司不纳税而已，还因为它们本身的做法让人不能接受。B.正确。解题技巧A.和C.源于句破折号间内容：一些科技公司已经开始缴纳更多的税但其意在强调“不满的来源已经不止是纳税本身”，而非“科技公司开始变得令人满意”。D.干扰源于前三句“税改面临的各种问题，各方的分歧态度”，但脱离题干中的主体“多数欧盟国家”。6.Text 1 Denmark is once again distinguishing itself in the race against food waste-this time,with a supermarket hawking items once destined for the trash bin.Those items might include treats for a holiday that happened last week,a ripped box of comflakes,plain white rice mislabeled as basmati,or anything nearing its expiration date.In other words,perfectly edible items that are nonetheless considered unfit for salc by the retailers and manufacturers who donate them.WeFood is not the first grocer in Europe to sell surplus food.But unlike so-calledsocial supermarkets-stores which serve almosL exclusively low-income people-WeFoods offerings are very intentionally aimed at the general public.High-income families will also choose WeFood for its environmental-friendly conception.The stores goods are priced 30 t0 50 percent lower than those in regular supermarkets,according to WeFood.The store has already been a huge success,attracting large numbers of customers.People have lined up before the stores opening every moming since its launch on Monday.But is this food safe to eat?Safety is always the first concern coming up to your mind.Well,thesell bydate you see on many products actually refers to its freshness-not whether or not its going to do you any harm.In many cases,food thats beyond this date wont be as fresh as it once was but is still perfectly edible.The food might have not yet gone bad when thesell bydate expires.Of course you should still be careful to avoid eating food thats gone off,but you might find you dont have to throw away as much as you think you do.Denmark throws away about 700,000 tons of food every year,according to several estimates.In fact,food waste is a major problem for the whole world.Some 795 million people are undemourished globally,according to the World Food Program.Yet about a third of all food produced in the world-some l.3 billion tons-is wasted each year,according to the United Nations.The cost of global food wastage is about$1 trillion a year.All of the stores proceeds will go to DanChurchAids work in developing nations like South Sudan and Bangladesh.WeFood is a supermarket which_.A.only attracts low-income peopleB.is the first retailer of surplus foodC.sells low-price food and productsD.draws little attention from the public答案：C 本题解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到第二段。第二段里说到，“我们食铺”声称，其店里的商品价格比普通超市便宜三至五成。所以C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项，第二段第二句说到，但与通常针对低收人人群的“福利超市”不同，“我们食铺”面向的是广大普通消费者，所以不正确；B项，第二段第一句说到，“我们食铺”并不是欧洲第一家出售剩余食品的食品商，所以也不正确；D项，第二段最后两句说到，该超市顾客盈门，获得了巨大成功。自周一开始，每天早晨还没开门，人们已经在门前排起了长队，所以也不正确。7.Wanen Buffett,who will host Berkshire Hathaways annual shareholdersmeeting on May 3rd,is an icon of American capitalism.At 83,he also epitomhes a sLriking demographic 1:for highly skilled people to go on working well int0 2 was once thought to be old age.Across the rich world,well-educated people 3 work longer than the less-skilled.Some 65%of American men aged 62-74 with a professional deUee are in the 4,compared with 3290 0f men with only a high-school certificate.In the European Union Lhe pattern is similar.This 5 is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated 6 and the unskiUed poor that is slicing 7 all age groups.Rapid innovation has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while 8 those of the unskilled.Those 8t the cop are working longer hours each year than those at the bottom.9 the well-qualified are extending their working lives,compared with those ofless-educated people.The 10,for indrviduals and society,are profound.The world is on the 11 rise in the number of old people,and they will live longer than ever before.12 the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double,from 600m to 1.1 billion.The 13 of the 20th century,when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement 14 more years at work,has persuaded many observers that this shift will 15 slower economic growth andsecular stagnation,while the 16 ranks of pensioners will bust government budgets.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the 17 0ld misses a new trend,the 18 gap between the skilled and the unskilled.Employment rates are falling among younger unskiUed people,19 0lder skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America,where well-educated baby-boomers are 20 retirement while many less-skilled youn-ger people have dropped out of the workforce.19选？A.sinceB.beforeC.whereasD.although答案：C 本题解析：逻辑关系题。Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people，19 older skilled folk are working longer.该句大意为“缺乏技能的年轻人就业率在下降，高技术老年人才却工作得越来越久。”根据该空前后信息得知，本句强调比较、对比的逻辑关系。选项Asince强调时间或原因；Bbefore强调时间；Cwhereas强调比较；Dalthough强调让步。故只有C符合逻辑。8.Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial一for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 5