考研考博-英语-安徽艺术职业学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽艺术职业学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.Intelligence makes for better leaders-from undergraduates to executives to presidents-according to multiple studies.It certainly l that handling a market shift or legislative logjam requires high cognitive abilities.But new research on leadership suggests that,at a certain point,having a higher io can be viewed as 2.3 previous research has shown that groups with smarter leaders perform better by 4 measures,some studies have 5 that followers might subjectively view leaders with extremely high intellect as less effective.Decades ago Dean Simonton,a psychologist at the University of California,Davis,proposed that brilliant leaderswords may simply go 6 peoples heads,their solutions could be more complicated t0 7 and followers might find it harder to relate to them.Now Simonton and two colleagues have finally 8 that idea.The researchers 9 379 male and female business leaders in 30 countries,10 fields that included banking,retail and technology.The managers took IQ tests,an imperfect but robust 11 0f performance in many areas,and each was rated on leadership style and effectiveness by an average of eight co-workers.10 12 correlated with ratings of leader effectiveness,strategy formation,vision and several other characteristics-up to a point.The ratings peaked at an io of around 120,which is higher than roughly 80 percent of office workers.Beyond that,the ratings 13.The researchers suggest theidealio could be higher or lower in various fields,depending on 14 technical versus social skills are more valued in a（n）15 work culture.Its an interesting and thoughtful paper,says Paul Sackett,a psychology professor at the University of Minnesota,who was not involved in the research.To me,the right interpretation of the work would be that it 16 a need to understand what high-IQ leaders do that 17 to lower perceptions by followers.The wrong interpretation would be,;Dont 18 high-io leaders.,The studys lead author,John Antonakis,a psychologist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland,suggests leaders should use their intelligence t0 19 creative metaphors that will persuade and inspire others.I think the only way a smart person can signal their intelligence 20 and still connect with the people,Antonakis says,is to speak in charming ways.16选？A.highlightsB.imposesC.neglectsD.minimizes答案：A 本题解析：本题考查动词辨析。空格句指出对上文研究的正确解读：它一种需求，即理解高智商领导者的什么举动会追随者对其看法更差。上文研究指出智商极高的领导者，可能会更难沟通，追随者对其评分更低因此可以推知，该研究应该是使人们注意到这种需求，凸显了这种需求A.highlights符合文意。13imposes含强制性意味，无法与科学研究构成合理语义场。2.As adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they dont need self-help books or therapy.instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps its time to learn a few lessons from them.41_What does a child do when hes sad?He cries.When hes angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and dont dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.thats about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately,and then-again，like children-move on.42_A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest stepdaughter,who was nine years old at the time,got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldnt stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.Instead,being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43_Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies,increase good hormones like endorphins,improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection.All of which,of course,have a positive effect on happiness levels.44_The problem with being a grown up is that theres an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and its important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random（dancing aroud the living room,anyone?）-it doesnt matter,so long as theyre enjoyable,and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if youre on a tight budget.45_Having said all of the above,its important to add that we shouldnt try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing.As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.42选？A.Be sillyB.Have funC.Express your emotionsD.Dont overthink itE.Be easily pleasedF.Notice thingsG.Ask for help答案：F 本题解析：第三段第二句提到It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldnt stop talking about it.一件小小的不到五英镑的T恤就能让一个孩子满心欢喜，这说明孩子容易满足。接下来的两句话进一步说明，不是什么新工作、大房子或是好车让人们开心，而是对生活中点点滴滴的小事情心存感激才能使人们真的幸福，因此本段的中心意思是：像孩子一样容易满足就会幸福，故答案为F。3.Text 3 Even before economist Howard Davies thinking where to put extra airport capacity in Britain,rejecting the idea of building a big new hub in the Thames Estuary,the backlash had begun.Boris Johnson,the mayor of London and an enthusiastic supporter of the Thames plan,spluttered in advance,then branded the decisionshortsighted.NIMBYs opposing the expansion of Heathrow and Catwick groaned,knowing that the remaining options all involve building or extending ninways at one of those airports.Sir Howards final recommendation is sure to run into heavy rire.To make mat-ters worse,he and his team must hazard a guess about the future of air travel,Heathrow and Gatwick are both full,or close to it,and want to expand.But the two airports presently serve quite different parts of the market.Some 37%of passengers at Heathrow transfer between flights.Nearly a third of its customers are on business.By contrast,only 13%of Gatwicks cusiomers are business travellers.Most are going on holiday.Just 7%transfer there-a proportion that has fallen by half over the past decade.Heathrows shiny new Terminal 2,which opened in June,is full of expensive shops and restaurants run by Michelin-starred cooks lo entice rich passengers.At CaLwick,recenL improvements reflect its popularity with holiday goers:a wider lane at security gate has been set aside for families,while an area in ihe southern terminal is now reserved for elderly passengers,with comfortable seats and a small duty-free shop.The airportsmanagers also hold entirely different views about the way the airline industry will develop,and its place in the broader economy.Much of the argument for expanding Heathrow rests on the idea that hub airporls are,and will remain,vital.Without further expansion,boosters argue,fewer flights to distant places such as Wuhan and Xiamen will be available to businessmen.If the capaciiy plight persists,domestic flights are more likely to be delayed or canceUed.European airports will pick up those passengers inslead.Thats our CDP leaking out,says Jon Proudlove,Lhe general manager of air-traffic control at Heathrow.Not surpnsingly,Calwick takes a different view.Over the past ten years the growth of low-cost airlines has been explosive.poinls out Sir Roy McNulty,chairman of the Gatwick group.People are travelling in different ways,with moreself-connectingto keep costs down.AIthough connections with emerging markets are important.Europe and North America will remain Bricains largesl trading partners,he argues.London will be a deslinalion in its own right.Heathrow and Gatwick are different in terms of_A.scale and capacity of passengersB.the proportion of foreign touristsC.passengerspower of consumptionD.passengersnature and destination答案：D 本题解析：细节题。根据Heathrow and Gatwick、different等词定位到第二段。该段第三、四句指出：希思罗机场的乘客中有3 70是中转乘客，三分之一是商务出行旅客；文章接着指出：盖特威克机场的乘客中只有13qo是商务出行旅客，大多数人是去度假的，7%是中转乘客。由此可以判断，这两个机场的乘客出行目的不同，即乘客性质不同；此外，希思罗机场中转旅客多，也就是前往其他目的地的旅客多，而盖特威克机场的旅客以此为目的地，即二者乘客目的地不同。故得出结论：两个机场的乘客性质和目的地不同；即选项Dpassengersnature and desUnation“乘客的性质和目的地”为答案。选项Ascale and capacity of passengers“规模和旅客容量”；本段提到两个机场都趋于饱和，并没有对比二者的规模和容量，故该项错误；选项Bthe proportion of foreign tourists“外国游客的比重”；本段没有提到外国游客，该项属于无中生有；选项Cpassengerspower of consumption“旅客的消费能力”；该项在本段并无讨论，属于无中生有。综上，本题答案为D。4.American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now.Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration,and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S.job market,the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S.and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress.If this doesnt change,American businesses,communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S.farm laborers are undocumented immigrants.As fewer such workers enter the U.S.,the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing.Todays farm laborers,while still predominantly born in Mexico,are more likely to be settled,rather than migrating,and more likely to be married than single.They are also aging.At the start of this century,about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35.Now,more than half are.And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along:Native U.S.workers wont be returning to the farm.In a study published in 2013,economist Michael Clemens analyzed 15 years of data on North Carolinas farm-labor market and concluded,“There is virtually no supply of native manual farm laborers”in the state.This was true even in the depths of a severe recession.Mechanization is not the answer eithernot yet at least.Production of corn,cotton,rice,soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized,but many high-value,labor-intensive crops,such as strawberries,need labor.Even dairy farms,where robots currently do only a small share of milking,have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result,farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce.Starting around 2012,requests for the visas rose sharply;from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap,unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work,which is limited to 66,000 annually.Even so,employers frequently complain that they arent allotted all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive and unreliable.One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late.And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids,which remove some workers and drive otherunderground.Petitioning each year for laborersand hoping the government provides enough,and that they arrive on timeis no way to run a business.In a 2012 survey by the California Farm Bureau,71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.Some western growers have responded by movingoperations to Mexico.Without reliable access to a reliable workforce,more growers will be tempted to move south.According to a report by the Partnership for a New American Economy,Americans are consuming more fresh produce,which is good.But a rising share of it is grown elsewhere.In 1998-2000,14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported.Little more than a decade later,the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.Rural U.S.communities that might have benefited didnt.In effect,the U.S.can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.The U.S.needs a simpler,streamlined,multi-year visa for agricultural workers,accompanied by measures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to U.S.residency for workers who meet the requirements.Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortages and uncertainty,and the country as a whole will lose out.One trouble with US.Agriculture workforce is_（）A.the rising number of illegal immigrantsB.the high mobility of crop workersC.the lack of experienced laborsD.the aging of immigrant farm workers答案：D 本题解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。题目问的是美国农业劳动力的问题之一是什么。根据段落定位到第三段，在倒数第三句有提到，他们也正在变老。后面举例说世纪初的时候，三分之一的工人是35岁以上，现在是超过一半。这和选项C的内容不谋而合。5.Wanen Buffett,who will host Berkshire Hathaways annual shareholdersmeeting on May 3rd,is an icon of American capitalism.At 83,he also epitomhes a sLriking demographic 1:for highly skilled people to go on working well int0 2 was once thought to be old age.Across the rich world,well-educated people 3 work longer than the less-skilled.Some 65%of American men aged 62-74 with a professional deUee are in the 4,compared with 3290 0f men with only a high-school certificate.In the European Union Lhe pattern is similar.This 5 is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated 6 and the unskiUed poor that is slicing 7 all age groups.Rapid innovation has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while 8 those of the unskilled.Those 8t the cop are working longer hours each year than those at the bottom.9 the well-qualified are extending their working lives,compared with those ofless-educated people.The 10,for indrviduals and society,are profound.The world is on the 11 rise in the number of old people,and they will live longer than ever before.12 the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double,from 600m to 1.1 billion.The 13 of the 20th century,when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement 14 more years at work,has persuaded many observers that this shift will 15 slower economic growth andsecular stagnation,while the 16 ranks of pensioners will bust government budgets.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the 17 0ld misses a new trend,the 18 gap between the skilled and the unskilled.Employment rates are falling among younger unskiUed people,19 0lder skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America,where well-educated baby-boomers are 20 retirement while many less-skilled youn-ger people have dropped out of the workforce.16选？A.decayingB.crawlingC.swellingD.fading答案：C 本题解析：词汇辨析题。本题选项Adecaying和Dfading都有“衰退”之意，可以同时排除。答案锁定在Bcrawling“爬行”和Cswelling“膨胀，增大，增多”。该段整段都在讲述老年人口增加，该空为重复信息，其中下文的ranks of pensioners指“领养老金的群体”，也就是老年人，故得知该空应填人“多”这样的词才符合整段话的语境，故本题选择c。6.Text 3 Englands problematic vocational education system has been subjected to wave after wave of reform.Yet improving the quality of technical education has eluded governments of all colours.University technical colleges（UTCs）are only the latest example of a shiny innovation that ran on to the rocks.Seven UTCs have now announced they are closing their doors.UTCs were intendecl to provide quality vocational education,combining technical and academic learning,for young people from the age of 14.Despite the millions the government has invested in them,ihey have on the whole been plagued by poor GCSE results and an inability to attract sufficient numbers of young people.Several attempts to establish quality vocational eclucation from 14 have failed.The issues affecting UTCs provide an opportunity to revisit whether this merits continuing support.We should take it.Barely a year passes without a lament about the low status of vocational qualifications.These often fail to recognise the chicken and egg that holds vocational learning back.Its status will only improve when ii is not seen as the preserve of those who have been failed by the school system.But while its status is low,these are the only young people likely to try something unproven and untested.This dynamic means new institutions often replicate the problems of the old seconclary moderns.Young people who attend UTCs are more likely to be from poor backgrounds,have made poor progress in primary school,and have attended secondary schools rated poorly by Ofsted.They are children who have been failed by the school system.In this day and age,there is no such thing as a career that does not require functional literacy and numeracy.Yet drawing low-achieving children out of mixed-ability schooling at age 14 makes them less likely to get the decent GCSEs in maths and English that are so critical in the eyes of employers.Setting up alternative vocational institutions for 14-year-olds thus risks closing down future vocational options,rather than expanding them.Vocational education is often posited as an alternative for those who are notacademically minded,orten a code for those who have disengaged from school.Yet this is far more likely to be a symptom of poor teaching ancl a lack of adequate support rather than a young persons inability to engage with a broad pre-16 curriculum that includes both academic and applied learning.Selection by academic ability at age 11 is wrong.But so i.s backdoor selection by academic ability at 14.The rlght to experience an engaging curriculum and finish school with adequate levels of literacy and numeracy is best achieved by options at 16 not 14.This wili not solve everything;but it is a better basis for ensuring 16-year-olds have the skills they need to flourish in any job.In the authors view,establishing alternative vocational institutions for 14-year-olds would_A.equip them with more vocational skillsB.encourage their engagement in schoolC.restrict their future vocational choicesD.discourage their academic learning答案：C 本题解析：信息锁定第四段末句指出，为14岁孩子设立替代性职业教育学院不会拓宽其未来职业选择，反而有限制其选择的风险。C.是原文closing down future vocational options的同义表达，符合文意。解题技巧A.利用末段末句“掌握在任何一项工作中崭露头角都需要的技能”干扰，但将所述主体由”在1 6岁根据学术能力做出选择”偷换为“14岁进人职业教育学院”。B.由第五段首句“职业教育学院的学员与（普通）学校教育脱节”而来，但原文意在指出人们对职业教育的普遍看法“与（普通）学校教育脱节学生的另一种选择”，而非职业教育学院的作用“能够使学生融入学校”。D.根据第四段句“在1 4岁将学业成绩较低的孩子从混合能力教育中抽离”捏造出“这可能打消学生学术学习的积极性”，而文意重在指出这种做法的后果“学员GCSE成绩更差”。7.When we meet people for the first time,we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look.And,of course its something that works both ways,for we too are being judged on our appearance.When we look good,we feel good,which in turn leads to a more confident and self-assured manner.People then pick up on this confldence and respond positively towards us.Undoubtedly,its whats inside thats important,but sometimes we can send out the wrong signals simply by wearing inappropriate clothing or not spending enough time thinking about how others see us.41.For example,people often make the mistake of trying to look like someone else theyve seen in a magazine,but this is usually a disaster as we all have our own characteristics.Stand in front of a full-length mirror and be honest with yourself about what you see.There is no need to dwell on your faults-we all have good points and bad points-but th