考研考博-英语-山东水利职业学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东水利职业学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a 1 underground.Its a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.But you wouldnt know it,3 into your phone.This universal armor sends the 4:Please dont approach me.What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,executive mental coach.We fear rejection,or that our innocent social advances will be 6 ascreepy,.We fear well be 7.We fear well be disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us,so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety,we 10 to our phones.Phones become our security blanket,Wortmann says.They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11.”But once we rip off the bandaid,tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up,it doesnt 12 so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable:Start a 13.They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14.When Dr.Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,the New York Times summarizes.Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience,after they 17 with the experiment,not a single person reported having been snubbed.18,these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication,which makes absolute sense,19 human beings thrive off of social connections.Its that 20:Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.15选？A.revealB.chooseC.predictD.design答案：C 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本空要填一个动词，how they would feel aftertalking to a stranger为其宾语，从该宾语从句的谓语动词would feel可以判断为过去将来时，所以要填入的单词应该包含时间概念，C项predict（预测）满足要求。另外下一句Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience中的expect也可作为解题线索，为近义复现。【命题思路】本题需要利用句内线索或根据上下文提示来确定要选填的动词。【干扰排除】其余选项语义均不符合句意。2.Text 1 In January commuters voted Birmingham New Street one of Britains worst railway stations.Each day nearly 150.000 people move through a structure built for half as many.But by next year it will be transformed.with 400 tonnes of undulating steel cladding and a vaguely eyeball appearance.The station will havethe wow factor,boasts Sir Albert Bore,the leader of Birmingham city council.It will also show how much attitudes to railway stations have changed.Railxvay stations are the chief exception to the rule that Britain invests too little in infrastructure.Of the I 7 big termini managed by Network Rail,the owner of Britains tracks,11 are being redeveloped or have recently been completed.Five other stations,including Reading and Northampton,are being spruced up by local councils and Network Rail.Somc simply need to be expanded:the number of train journeys has risen by 35%since 2005.But the design of New Street suggests aspirations well beyond more easeful travel.The building would not look out of place in Dubai and is striking,if slightly incongruous,in the grey West Midlands.City planners wanted something monumental,like Grand Central station in New York,says Sir Bernard Zissman,chaiman of the independent design paneLTwenty or thirty years ago business people were more likely to arrive in a city by car,explains Jon Neale of Jones Lang LaSatle,a property specialist.Town planners duly carved out motorways and roundabouts to entice them.In 1962 a local politician claimed that a new design for Birmingham,involving an inner ring road,would make itone ofthe finest city centres in Europe.Cities now measure their appeal by their stations.Businesses cluster around them:at Kings Cross,a once-grimy part of north London,a postcode has been created for all the new buildings around the station,which was redeveloped in 2013.John Lewis,an upmarket department store,will open in the mall above New Street（which is indeed calledGrand Central）along with 60 0ther shops.The council hopes it will pull in visitors to the city.Such ambition recalls the stations ofthe 19th century.Those structuresspoke to the corporate sensibility of a city,says Tristram Hunt,an MP and historian,by combining commerce with the sheen of civic pride.The first New Street station,built in 1851,had the largest single-span roofin the country at the time.It was tom down by enthusiastic 1960s town planners.Now some ofits original lustre may retum.It can be inferred from the text that the aspiration ofNew Street design is_.A.to produce more comfortable travelB.to improve the citys infrastructureC.to build a landmark placeD.to make the railway station a finest city center in Europe答案：C 本题解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位在文章的第三段，定位词出现在第二句，但是建造火车站的最终目的在结尾处有体现，即City planners wanted something monumental,like Grand Central station in New York,says Sir Bemard Zissman，chairman of the independent design paneJ（独立设计小组主席Bemard Zissman爵士解释说，城市规划者想要建设一些像纽约的中央车站一样的具有里程碑意义的建筑物。）与这一信息相对应的选项为C项to build a landmark place“建设一个地标”，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项虽然在段落中有体现，但是文中说改良的初衷不仅仅是提供“更舒适的旅行”，因此该选项排除。B项是比较符合客观事实的信息，但在段落中没有体现。D项在段落中也没有体现，因此也应当排除。3.The colourful chalkboards and baskets of fruit that greet customers at the entrances of Whole Foods Markets shops paint a rosy picture.Yet shares in the American seUer of organic and natural food have fallen by more than 40%since hitting a peak last October,in a period when stock markets have been strong.41.It is not that the retailer is in immediate crisis:its latest quarterly figures,on July 30th,showed sales and profits both up a bit.And it is not that people are going off the idea of paying more for food produced without chemical fertilisers,pesticides or additives:the Intemational Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements reckons that the industrys worldwide revenues were a record of 63 biUion in 2012;and Techsci Research,a market-research firm,predicts that the American market for such foods-the worlds largest-may grow by 14%by 2018.42.The problem is that at Whole Foods,shoppers have been paying way over the cost of regular produce,and its success in getting them to do so has now attracted a lot of competitors,from rival organics chains like Sprouts and Trader Joes to mass-market retailers like Walmart and Costco.As a result,the pnce premium for organic produce is crashing down.On a recent shopping trip,a pound of organic apples cost 2.99 at Wbole Foods but just l.99 at Sprouts and even less at Costco.43.The firm has been trimming costs to keep its margins up,but the slump in its share price reflects investorsexpectation that this cannot continue,that profits will suffer and that Whole Foodsdominance of the market is coming to an end.44.That the company has had to recall a number of products-in late July it and other grocers recalled plums and peaches suspected of contanunation with Listeria bacteria-has made it harder to maintain an air of superiority over its competitors.Organic foodsclaim to superiority is questionable anyway.Both Britains Food Standards Agency and the Annals of Internal Medicine,a journal,concluded after reviewing the extensive studies on the issue that there is no substantial difference in the nutriliousness of organics and non-organics.In some respects organics may be bad for the environment,because growing them uses land less efficiendy than non-organics.45.As fornaturalfoods,there is no official definition of this,in America at least;so the label,which Whole Foods also applies to many products,is close to meaningless.Alan McHughen,a bota-nist at the University of California,Riverside,argues that the whole industry is99%marketing;and public perception,reeling people in through a fabricated concept of a time when food,and life in general,was simple and wholesome.If true,the trick has worked nicely for Whole Foods.But its success has attracted so many imitators that it is losing its uniqueness.Even recent speculation about a takeover bid has failed to lift its shares.It may insist its food is sustainable.But it seem8 its prices are not.45选？A.Crisis Seems FarB.The Firm Is At RiskC.More Rivals Join InD.Natural Foods Are Unreal答案：D 本题解析：本段首句出现关键词natural foods;接着no official definition，close to meaningless等词都体现出否定负面的感情色彩；该段最后又说the whole industry is 99qo marketing and public perception“整个行业就是99%的市场营销和公众看法”；最后又提到天然食品是fab-ricated concept“捏造出来的概念”。综上，本题选择D。其中，natural foods为原词复现，unreal=fabricated。4.It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about 500%The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of Americas highest-earning 1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.Its not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Todays CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the companyCEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then theres the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farly mind-boggling plus,virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesnt explain history very well.By most measures,corporate governmance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s.Yet it is principally during this period of stronger govemnance that CEO pay has been high and rising.That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”Furthermore,the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates,not to the cozy insider picks,another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to,say,stock prices,a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite_A.continual internal oppositionB.strict corporate governanceC.conservative business strategiesD.Repeated government warnings答案：B 本题解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词the 1970s定位到第四段第三句Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising.然而，首席执行官的薪酬主要是在这一治理更加有力的时期一直居高不下。正确答案B strict corporate governance严格的公司管理，属于原文内容的替换表达。干扰项A的continual internal opposition持续的内部对立在文中并未提到，属于无中生有。选项C的conservative business strategies保守的商业策略，定位段并没有提到，属于无中生有。选项D的repeated government warnings政府的再三警告定位段并未提到，属于无中生有。5.Being a good parent is,of course,what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very_1_,particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,_2_,a younger sibling._3_,theres another sort of parent thats a bit easier to_4_:a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,_5_every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy_6_.Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a_7_and composed style with their kids.I understand this.Youre only human,and sometimes your kids can_8_you just a little too far.And then the_9_happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too_10_and does nobody any good.You wish that you could_11_the clock and start over.Weve all been there._12_,even though its common,its important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue,you can say something to your child that you may_13_for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also_14_your childs self-esteem.If you consistently lose your_15_with your kids,then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the_16_of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when_17_by stress is one of the most important of all lifes skills.Certainly,its incredibly_18_to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try,to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with_19_situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal,you and your children will benefit and_20_from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.10选？A.boringB.naiveC.harshD.vague答案：C 本题解析：此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。空格句句意：你会失去耐心并对孩子大吼大叫，而且有时候会说一些很伤人/刻薄的话，对每个人都没好处。根据上下文，something后面的形容词一定是贬义的，harsh为刺耳的/严格的，故选C。6.Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I.Joe as a mindless war toy,the symbol of American military adventurism,but thats not how it used to be.To the men and women who 1 in World Warand the people they liberated,the G.I.was the 2 man grown into hero,the poor farm kid torn away from his home,the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4 of food and shelter,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.This was not a volunteer soldier,not someone well paid,5 an average guy up 6 the best trained,best equipped,fiercest,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name isnt much.GI.is just a military abbreviation 7.Government Issue,and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers.And Joe?A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top.Joe Blow,Joe Palooka.Joe Magrac.a working class name.The United States has 10 had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.G.I.Joe had a 11 career fighting German,Japanese,and Korean troops.He appears as a character.or a 12 of American personalities,in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I.Joe,based on the last days of war correspondent Emie Pyle.Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film.Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war,writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated.His reports 16 the“Willie”cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden.Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war,the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.19 Egypt,France,and a dozen more countries,G.I.Joe was any American soldier,20 the most important person in their lives.7选？A.meaningB.implyingC.symbolizingD.claiming答案：A 本题解析：本空格所在句是G.I.is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue。military abbreviation意为“军事用语缩写”，可推断出Government Issue是G.I.的全称。由选项可知，该空语法结构是动词ing形式作定语，修饰空格前面部分。根据题意应选A项。【命题思路】该题考查近义词辨析。此类题占的比例比较大，需要考生平时多积累。【干扰排除】Government Issue是对G.I.的解释说明，既无象征意思也无隐含意思。所以B项和C项排除。D项意为“声称”，放在这里意思不符，也排除。C项是强干扰项，但symbolize强调象征意义。例：The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized the end of the Cold War between East and West.柏林墙的倒塌象征着东西方冷战的结束。7.In World War II the factory was heavily bombed and rebuilt afierwards.Bankruptcy forced the factory to close its doors in 1980.After years of 1,large parts of the factory had become ruined and run 2,An unsafe,abandoned place,with widespread vandalism the factory soon 3 into a source of nuisance to the local 4.The project aims to reconvert the old textile factory into a city park.This reconversion is part of a mixed-use development urban renewal project 5 by Sogent,the urban development company of Ghent.Surrounded,as it is,by a 6 0f functions and users,the park is under a lot of outside pressure.The aim was to create a diversified park which could 7 this pressure and stimulate a 8 community life for the neighbourhood.The design briefproved a simultaneous exercise in creating a site with plenty of flow,9 preserving walls and constructions and maintaining a l0,workable zoning of the parks functions.The orthogonal plan ofthe old textile factory is 11 as a basic template for a zoning ofthe park.New,organic green spaces and a paths network 12 with what remains ofthis underlying structure.By preserving some historical marks,the park becomes anarchitectural 13.On another level,the integration of portraits of former employees in the factory（central gangway）,14 a social dimension to the historical one already present in the parks design.On the whole,new meaning and new life are 15 by the bringing together of past and present.The walls and structures become the historical placemat for the development of new activities.16 the diversified park was 17 there has been a revival of activity in the neighbourhood.The reconversion has positive 18 0n the buildings and quarters around the park.Thanks to the public participation sessions,locals have felt very 19 with the project.The park is now being used 20 across the generations（senior citizens,families,children）,becoming,much like it used to be,the meeting place for the neighbourhood.9选？A.whereasB.whileC.lestD.since答案：B 本题解析：连词辨析题。空缺处所在句子的前半句是：The design brief proved a simultaneous exercise in creating a site with plenty of flow.,根据simultaneous一词，可以推测前半句与后半句表示的是一种同时进行的关系，而且谓语动词是持续性动词，所以选择B项。意思是：该设计在创造活动场所、促进居民流动性的同时，还保留了原有的墙体和一些建筑物【干扰排除】A项“然而”表示的是转折逻辑关系；C项“唯恐，以免”表示的是条件逻辑关系，可以首先排除；D项“自以来”，不符合原文语义。8.Weighing ourser egulay s aoneru way 1o stay aware or any sginant wegt ncuatoros(1),when done too often,this habit can sometimes hurt more thatit(2)As for me,weighing myself every day caused ma to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physicaly active to focusing(3)on the scale.That was bad to my overall fitness goals.|had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,but thinking onlyof(4)the number on the scale,|altered my training program.That conflicted with how|needed to trainto(5)my goals.|also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate(6)of the hard work and progress|was making in the gym.It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight(7)altering your training program.The most(8)changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.For these(9)|stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule(10).since weight lIoss is not my goal,it is less important for me to(11)my weight each week.Weighing every otherweek allows me to observe and(12)any significant weight changes.That tells me whether Ineed to(13)my training program.|use my bimonthly weight-in(14)to get information about my nutrition as well.If my