英语单项知识的讲解与练习(2)

英语单项知识的讲解与练习英语单项知识的讲解与练习 401. candidate的用法 candidate (n)候选人、投考者； 例句： There are three candidates for the vacancy.这一空缺有三名候选人。 She had been nominated as candidate for the presidency.她已被提名为总统候选人。 He made several favorable comments about their candidate.他对他们的候选人发表了一些有利的评论。 Most candidates passed in grammar.参加考试的人大多数语法及格。 短语：as a candidate作为候选人；candidate for office公职候补者；candidate of a degree学位候选人；defeatedfailed candidate落选人员,不合格者；leading candidate主要候选人；selected candidate入选者；candidate for Presidency总统候选人， 用法：candidate for后面一般加职业或者职位等，表示某方面的候选人。如：John was the strongest candidate for the job. 练习： I guess Jones didnt have a chance to win the election. Almost all of the people in the city voted for his _. A. opponent B. candidateC. colleague D. advocate Theyre interviewing three _ for the post of sales manager. A. sponsors B. candidates C. advocates D. opponents They are interviewing candidates _ the job of sales managers. A.of B.about C.for D.in This candidate does not _ the requirement that secondary school should be completed. A.make B.get C.take D.meet 402. caution 的用法 caution (n)小心、谨慎、警告； 例句： The teacher gave Tom a caution and told him never to do it again.老师给了汤姆一次警告,叫他不许再那样做。 He told us to proceed with caution.他要我们谨慎行事。 I must caution you against the danger.我必须告诫你应谨防危险。 I would caution you against undue optimism .我奉劝你不要过于乐观. 短语：for cautions sake为慎重起见；with caution小心翼翼地；caution sb (not) to do sth告诫某人做某事；fling caution to the winds不顾一切、行事鲁莽；caution about sth就某事警告；caution about the speed注意车速；caution against doing sth警告(某人)不要做某事；caution against the danger谨防危险； 用法：caution的基本意思是告诉人们即将来临或可能出现的危险与风险,强调建议别人提高警惕预防不测。依据对象和语气的不同,可分别译为“提醒”“劝小心”。 caution是及物动词,可接名词、代词或从句作宾语,也可接双宾语。还可接以动词不定式(含to be)充当补足语的复合宾语。 caution的宾语后常接介词about或 against ,表示“就警告某人”“警告某人不要做”。如：The policeman cautioned the motorist about his speed./ I cautioned him against being late. 作名词，前加with，表示“加以警告”。如：The police dismissed the charge with a caution； 练习： Others viewed the findings with _, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains to be shown. A. optimism B. passion C. caution D. deliberation Visitors to the National Museum can avoid long lines at the ticket booths by purchasing tickets . A.in advance B.in detail C.out of order D.with caution He cautioned me _. A.didnt drink B.not to drink C.not drink D.not drinking She cautioned the driver _ note of speed. A.taking B. take C.took D.to take 403. announce的用法 announce宣布、宣告。 例句： He announces for Radio Beijing他是北京广播电台的播音员； The total population was announced at 975 million 据宣布总人口为9.75亿； The meeting was announced for 2 pm tomorrow宣布会议于明天下午两点召开； Footsteps announced his return 听见脚步声，知道他回来了； The work is announced (to be) finished 宣告工作完成； 短语：announce to her the news 告知她消息；announce to somebody that 向某人宣布；It has been announced that 已宣布；announce as作为发布；announce at a meeting在会上宣布；announce by被宣布；announce for宣布支持；announce to向宣布；announce with sorrow遗憾地宣布； 用法：announce的基本意思是“宣布,宣告,发表”,指以语言或文字首次公开地、正式地使人知道。引申义一是“通报某人到达”,大声喊出其名字; 二是“主持,介绍”。announce还可指不通过文字或语言的“预示”。 announce多用作及物动词,后接名词、代词或that/wh-从句作宾语,有时还可接以“to be/as+ n./adj. ”充当补足语的复合宾语。announce有时还可引出直接引语。可用于被动结构。 announce偶尔也可用作不及物动词,如“作广播员”“宣布参加竞选”“宣布支持某人”。 announce后不可接双宾语。如：He announced her his intention of going.是错误的，可加to改成He announced to her his intention of going. 比较：announce 通知、宣布，含有预告之意，通常指公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事。如：The marks will be announced in a few days. declare 宣布、宣言、声明，含有当众宣布某件事之意。如：John was declared the winner. 练习： The result of this examination will be _ tomorrow. A. published B. declared C. announced D. opened Mr Green announced _ his friends his engagement _ Miss White. A. /; to B. to; to C. /; with D. to; with She sent him a telegraph _ her immediate return to London. A. declaring B. announcing C. telling D. talking The government announced _ the public its new economic policies. A. / B. at C. to D. for Attention, everybody, I have an important announcement to _. A. make B. give C. tell D. say All the leading newspapers _ the trade talks between China and the USA. A. reported B. printed C. announced D. published 404. appetite 的用法 appetite (n)食欲、胃口、欲望、爱好； 例句： She is suffering from lack of appetite.她食欲不振。 The long walk has given me a good appetite.走了长路使我食欲大振。 I have to make an effort to work up an appetite for reading.我得努力使自己产生天天想读书的愿望。 His power appetite was hindered by his bad health.不良的健康状况抑制了他的权力欲。 短语：have a good/ poor appetite胃口好；have an appetite for sth渴求某物； lose ones appetite食欲减退； loss/ lack of appetite食欲不振；for sbs appetite 投其所好，合某人的胃口；to sbs appetite 合某人的胃口；man with a small appetite 饭量小的人；appetite for 对的欲望，爱好；appetite for food 食欲；appetite for knowledge 求知欲； 用法：appetite的基本意思是“欲望”,指人或动物对食物或性的欲望; 用于比喻可指“斗志”等。 appetite既可用作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词,有复数形式。 appetite后接介词for，表示“对有欲望”。如：He has an appetite for knowledge. 练习： The long walk gave him a good _. A. appetite B. applause C. appliance D. application I have an appetite _ a lot of money to lead a cosy life. A. for earning B. to earn C. to earning D. of earning He has an appetite _ fruits. A. for B. with C. on D. / Dont eat chocolate, it will spoil your _ for dinner. A. procedure B. privilege C. reward D. appetite 405. apply的用法 apply 使用、适用。 例句： We should not only know the theory but also how to apply it to practice.我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。 The plastic coating is easy to be applied on any surface.塑性涂料容易涂在任何表面上。 Above terms shall apply unless otherwise mention.除非另有说明书,上述条件一概适用。 短语： apply for a job 求职；apply oneself to sth致力于；apply ones mind to专心于；apply something to 把施用于；apply oneself to study 认真学习；apply oneself to sth with a will 专心致志于；apply theory to practice 把理论运用到实践中去；apply at the office (请)到办公室接洽；apply by letter 函请；apply for 为请求,为申请；apply for aid 求援；apply in medicine 应用在医药上；apply in person 亲自申请；apply to 向请求,向申请,适用于；apply to sb for help 向某人求助； 用法：apply的本义是指“将甲物置于乙物之上”,现代英语中仍保留“粘贴”的意思,并由此引申表示将某物“应用”或“运用”于另一物使之发挥或取得实际效益。 apply作“敷,涂”解时,是正式用法,及物动词仅用于说明书中。在会话中和大多数文字中,则代之以put rub it on, rubspread it in。表示“把敷涂在之上”可说apply sth to.。 apply后可接药物、油漆、冰块等作宾语,而to的宾语可以是物,也可以是人体的某个部位。apply作“应用,使用”解时,也是及物动词,可接规章、条例、精力、经验、用心、智力等作宾语; to的宾语即可是人,也可是物或事。 apply后可接不定式或to和动名词形式。如：They will apply the money to build(ing) up a little library.他们将申请一笔钱建一个小图书馆。These principles apply to learning foreign languages.这些规则原理是用来学外语的。 练习： If you are interested in the job, you can write to our company and _. A. apply for it B. apply it for C. bid for it D. apply to it Every year many college graduates _ the company _ a job. A. applied to; for B. applied for; to C. apply for; to D. apply to; for I _ four universities and was accepted by all of them. A. was applied B. was applied to C. applied to D. applied for As everyone knows, exercise _ better health. A. contributes to B. suffers from C. takes part in D. applies for Keys: 401. ABCD 402. CABD 403. CBBCAA 404. AAAD 405. ADDA