药理学专业词汇

药理学专业词汇（中英文对照）第一章绪论药理学药物药物效应动力学药物代谢动力学上市后药物监测pharmacologydrugpharmacodynamicspharmacokineticspost-marketing surveillance第二章药物效应动力学药物作用 药理效应 治疗作用 对症治疗 补充疗法 不良反应 副作用 毒性反应 后遗效应变态反应 剂量-效应关系 最小有效量 最小有效浓度 个体差异 效价强度 构效关系 激动药 拮抗药pharmacological actionpharmacological effect therapeutic effect symptomatic treatmentsupplement therapyadverse drug reactionside reactiontoxic reactionafter effectallergic reactiondose-effect relationship minimal effective dose minimal effective concentrationindividual variabilitypotencystructure activity relationship agonistantagonist配体门控离子通道受体ligand gated ion channel receptor第三章药物代谢动力学吸收absorption首关消除first-pass elimination静脉注射intravenous injection分布distribution生物转化biotransformation排泄excretion时量关系time-concentration relationship生物利用度bioavailability药物消除动力学过程elimination kinetic process一级消除动力学first-order elimination kinetics零级消除动力学zero-order elimination kinetics半衰期half-life表观分布容积apparent volume of distribution总体清除率total body clearance稳态浓度steady-state concentration第四章影响药物效应的因素和合理用药的原则控释剂controlled release formulation缓释剂slow release formulation耐受性tolerance耐药性resistance药物依赖性drug dependence相互作用interaction配伍禁忌incompatibility协同synergism拮抗antagonism第五章自主神经系统药理总论运动神经somatic motor nervous system自主神经autonomic nervous system胆碱能神经cholinergic nerve去甲肾上腺素能神经noradrenergic nerve乙酰胆碱acetylcholine乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylcholinesterase摄取uptake单胺氧化酶mono-amine oxidase儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶catechol-O-methyl transferase毛果芸香碱烟碱第六章胆碱受体激动药pilocarpine nicotine抗胆碱酯酶药anticholinesterase agents胆碱酯酶复活药cholinesterase reactivator新斯的明neostigmine有机磷酸酯类organophosphate碘解磷定pralidoxime iodine第八章M胆碱受体阻断药阿托品atropine山莨菪碱anisodamine东莨菪碱scopolamine第七章抗胆碱酯酶药及胆碱酯酶复活药第九章N胆碱受体阻断药琥珀胆碱筒箭毒碱suxamethoniumd-tubocurarine第十章肾上腺素受体激动药去甲肾上腺素noradrenaline肾上腺素adrenaline多巴胺dopamine异丙肾上腺素isoprenaline第十-章 肾上腺素受体阻断药肾上腺素受体阻断药 酚妥拉明肾上腺素作用翻转 酚苄明adrenoceptor blocking drugs phentolamineadrenaline reversalphenoxybenzamine哌唑嗪prazosin普萘洛尔propranolol第十二章局部麻醉药表面麻醉浸润麻醉传导麻醉suiface anesthesiainfiltration anesthesiaconduction anesthesia蛛网膜下腔麻醉subarachnoidal anesthesia利多卡因lidocaine普鲁卡因procaine丁卡因tetracaine第十三章全身麻醉药吸入麻醉药氟烷静脉麻醉硫喷妥钠诱导麻醉inhalational anesthetics halothaneintravenous anesthetics thiopental sodium induction of anesthesia第十四章镇静催眠药地西泮氯氮卓奥沙西泮硝西泮艾司唑仑苯巴比妥水合氯醛DiazepamChlordiazepoxideOxazepamNitrazepam EstazolamPhenobarbitalChloral hydrate第十五章抗癫痫药和抗惊厥药抗癫痫药 苯妥英钠 苯巴比妥 扑米酮 乙琥胺antiepileptic drugs sodium phenytoin phenobarbital primidone ethosuximide苯二氮卓类benzodiazepine卡马西平丙戊酸钠硫酸镁carbamazepine sodium valproate magnesium sulfate第十六章抗中枢退行性疾病药左旋多巴 卡比多巴 司来吉米 硝替卡朋levodopa, L-dopa Carbidopa Selegiline Nitecapone第十七章抗精神失常药抗精神病药抗躁狂药抗抑郁药抗焦虑药吩噻嗪类硫杂蒽类丁酰苯类氯丙嗪氯氮平碳酸锂丙米嗪antipsychotic drugs antimanic drugs antidepressive drugs antianxiety drugs phenothiazines thioxanthenes butyrophenones chlorpromazine clozapine lithium carbonate imipramine第十八章镇痛药阿片 吗啡 哌替啶 美沙酮 喷他佐辛 芬太尼opium morphine pethidine methadone pentazocine fentanyl第十九章解热镇痛抗炎药解热镇痛抗炎药 非甾体抗炎药 花生四烯酸antipyretic， analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsarachidonic acid阿司匹林aspirin非那西丁phenacetin乙酰氨基酚paracetamol保泰松phenylbutazone吲哚美辛indomethacin布洛芬brufen别嘌醇allopurinol丙磺舒probenecid秋水仙碱colchicines第二十章抗变态反应药组胺histamine抗组胺药antihistamines苯海拉明diphenhydramine异丙嗪promethazine阿司咪唑astemizole西咪替丁cimetidine雷尼替丁ranitidine5-羟色胺5-hydroxytryptamine酮色林ketanserin昂丹司琼ondansetron钙拮抗药电压依赖性钙通道 受体调控性钙通道 第二信使活化钙通道 机械活化钙通道 硝苯地平 尼群地平 地尔硫卓 维拉帕米第二十一章钙拮抗药calcium antagonistsvoltage dependent Ca2+ channels receptor-operated Ca2+ channelssecond messenger operated Ca2+ channels mechanically operated Ca2+ channels nifedipinenitrendipine diltiazem verapamil第二十二章肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统肾素血管紧张素原血管紧张素转化酶血管紧张素肽renninangiotensinogenangiotensin converting enzymeangiotensin peptides血管紧张素受体卡托普利依那普利雷米普利angiotensin receptor captopril enalapril ramipril第二十三章抗心律失常药心律失常奎尼丁利多卡因普罗帕酮胺碘酮维拉帕米致心律失常作用arrhythmiasQuinidineLidocainePropafenoneAmiodaroneVerapamilproarrhythmia， arrhythmogenesis第二十四章抗慢性心功能不全药卡托普利 氯沙坦 美托洛尔 卡维地洛 地高辛米力农 维司力农Captopril Losartar metoprolol carvedilol DigoxinMilrinone vesnarinonecholesterol第二十五章抗心绞痛药心绞痛硝酸甘油硝酸异山梨酯戊四硝酯普萘洛尔硝苯地平维拉帕米地尔硫卓卡维地洛angina pectoris nitroglycerin isosobide dinitrater pentaerythrityl tetranitrate propranolol nifedipine verapamil diltiazem carvedilol第一十六章调血脂药与抗动脉粥样硬化药胆固醇三酰甘油 磷脂游离脂肪酸 胆固醇酯 游离胆固醇 总胆固醇 载脂蛋白 脂蛋白 消胆胺 烟酸普罗布考/丙丁酚 多烯脂肪酸类 多不饱和脂肪酸类 二十碳五烯酸 二十二碳六烯酸 a-亚麻酸 亚油酸Y-亚麻酸月见草油 亚油酸硫酸乙酰肝素 硫酸皮肤素 硫酸软骨素triglyceridephospholipidfree fatty acidcholesteryl esterfree cholesteroltotal cholesterolapoproteinlipoproteincholestyramine, cholesteramine resin nicotinic acidprobucolpolyenoic fatty acids polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid docosahexaenoic acida-linolenic acidlinolenic acidy-linolenic acidevening primrose oillinolenic acidheparan sulfatedermatan sulfatechondroitin sulfate第二十七章抗高血压药个体化治疗方案氢氯噻嗪氨氯地平卡托普利氯沙坦可乐定甲基多巴莫索尼定哌唑嗪肼屈嗪米诺地尔二氮嗪硝普钠individualized therapy hydrochlorothiazide amlodipinecaptopril losartan clonidine methyldopa moxonidine prazosin hydralazine minoxidildiazoxide sodium nitroprusside第二十八章利尿药及脱水药利尿药呋噻米阿米洛利螺内酯乙酰唑胺氢氯噻嗪氨苯蝶啶diuresis drugs furosemide amiloride spironolactone acetazolamide hydrochlorothiazide triamterene第二十九章作用于血液和造血器官的药物肝素鱼精蛋白低分子量肝素伊诺肝素水蛭素双香豆素华法林枸橼酸钠阿司匹林利多格雷依前列醇双嘧达莫噻氯匹定链激酶阿替普酶沙芦普酶阿尼普酶右旋糖酐heparinprotaminlow molacular weight heparinenoxaparinlepirudindicoumarinwarfarinsodium Citrateaspirinridogrelepoprostanoldipyridamoleantigregstreptokinase,SKalteplasesaruplaseanistreplasedexran第三十章作用于呼吸系统的药物平喘药镇咳药祛痰药倍氯米松布地奈德曲安奈德丙酸氟替卡松氟尼缩松色甘酸钠曲尼司特酮替芬antiasthmatic drugs antitussivesexpectorantsbeclomethasone dipropionatebudesonidetriamcinolone acetonidefluticasone propionateflunisolidedisodium cromoglycatetranilastketotifen奈多罗米钠nedocromil sodium沙丁胺醇salbutamol特布他林terbutaline克仑特罗clenbuterol氯丙那林clorprenaline福莫特罗formoterol沙美特罗salmeterol氨茶碱aminophylline二羟丙茶碱diprophylline胆茶碱cholinophylline多索茶碱doxofylline茶碱theophylline异丙托漠铵ipratropium可待因codeine石美沙分dextromethorphan喷托维林pentoxyverine苯佐那酯benzonatate苯丙哌林benproperine氯化铵ammonium chloride乙酰半胱氨酸acetylcysteine漠己新bromhexine第三十一章 作用于消化系统的药物西咪替丁cimetidine雷尼替丁ranitidine法莫替丁famotidine丙谷胺proglumide哌仑西平pirenzepine奥美拉唑omeprazole硫糖铝sucralfate三钾二枸橼酸铋tripotassium dicitrate bismuthate昂丹司琼ondansetron苯海拉明diphenhydramine东莨菪碱scopolamine氯丙嗪chloropromazine甲氧氯普胺metoclopramide多潘立酮domperidone西沙必利cisapride硫酸镁magnesium sulfate硫酸钠sodium sulfate乳果糖lactulose酚酞比沙可啶液体石腊 甘油地芬诺酯 洛哌丁胺 联苯双酯 马洛替酯 苯丙醇 熊去氧胆酸 牛胆酸钠 去氢胆酸 曲匹布通phenolphthalein bisacodyl liquid paraffin glycerindiphenoxylate loperamide bifendate malotilate phenylpropanol ursodeoxycholic acidsodium tauroglycocholate dehydrocholic acid trepibutone第三十二章子宫平滑肌兴奋药和抑制药缩宫素oxytocin麦角新碱ergometrine麦角胺ergotamine前列腺素prostaglandin第三十三章性激素类药及避孕药雌激素estrogen孕激素progestogen雄激素androgen第三十四章 肾上腺皮质激素类药物肾上腺皮质激素糖皮质激素氢化可的松可的松盐皮质激素醛固酮去氧皮质酮泼尼松泼尼松龙甲泼尼龙地塞米松倍他米松adrenocortical hormones glucocorticoids hydrocortisonecortisone mineralocorticoids aldosteronedesoxycorticosterone prednisone prednisolone methylprednisolone dexamethasone betamethasone曲安西龙氟氢可的松氟轻松糖皮质激素受体正性糖皮质激素反应成分 负性糖皮质激素反应成分 皮质激素转运球蛋白triamcinolonefludrocortisonefluocinolone acetonideglucocorticoid receptorglucocorticoid response elementnegative glucocorticoid response element corticosteroid binding globulin第三十五章甲状腺素和抗甲状腺药甲状腺功能亢进症甲状腺素三碘甲状腺原氨酸抗甲状腺药硫脲类硫氧嘧啶类丙硫氧嘧啶甲硫氧嘧啶咪唑类甲硫咪唑他巴唑碘碘化物放射性碘hyperthyroidismthyroxinetriiodothyronineantithyroid drugsthioureasethiouracilspropylthiouracilmethylthiouracilimidazolesthiamazoletapazoleiodineiodideradioiodine第三十六章胰岛素及口服降糖药胰岛素insulin甲苯磺丁脲tolbutamide氯磺丙脲chlorpropamide格列毗嗪glipizide格列齐特gliclazide格列波脲glibornuride格列喹酮gliquidone格列美月尿glimepiride苯乙福明phenformin丁福明buformin甲福明metformin阿卡波糖acarbose伏格列波糖voglibose米格列醇miglitol罗格列酮rosiglitazone环格列酮毗格列酮恩格列酮ciglitazone pioglitazone englitazone第三十七章抗菌药物概论抑菌药杀菌药抗菌谱最低抑菌浓度最低杀菌浓度 化学疗法 耐药性 抗生素inhibitory drugsbactericidal drugsantimicrobial spectrumminimal inhibitory concentrationminimal bactericidal concentrationchemotherapytoleranceantibiotics第三十八章 & -内酰胺类抗生素青霉素青霉素结合蛋白头孢噻吩头孢孟多头孢曲松penicillinpenicillin binding proteinscephalothincefamandoleceftriaxone第三十九章大环内酯类、林可霉素类及万古霉素类抗生素大环内酯类抗生素红霉素林可霉素万古霉素螺旋霉素macrolides erythromycin lincomycin vancomycin spiramycin第四十章氨基昔类及多黏菌素类氨基苷类链霉素庆大霉素卡那霉素抗生素后效应妥布霉素aminoglycosides streptomycin gentamicin kanamycinpost antibiotic effect tobramycin阿米卡星奈替米星多黏菌素类amikacinnetilmicinpolymyxins四环素土霉素氯霉素 广谱抗生素 多西环素第四十一章 四环素类及氯霉素类tetracyclineterramycin chloramphenicolbroad-spectrum antibiotics doxycycline第四十二章人工合成抗菌药喹诺酮类quinolones诺氟沙星norfloxacin毗哌酸pipemidic acid氧氟沙星ofloxacin左氧氟沙星levofloxacin环内沙星ciprofloxacin司帕沙星sparfloxacin曲伐沙星trovafloxacin磺胺嘧啶sulfadiazine磺胺甲嗯唑sulfamethoxazole磺胺异嗯唑sulfafurazole呋喃妥因nitrofurantoin呋喃唑酮furazolidone甲硝唑metronidazole第四十三章抗真菌及抗病毒药制霉菌素nystatin两性霉素Bamphotericin B克霉唑clotrimazole阿昔洛韦acyclovir利巴韦林ribavirin金刚烷胺amantadine第四十四章抗结核病及抗麻风病药异烟肼利福平乙胺丁醇毗嗪酰胺对氨水杨酸钠卷曲霉素isoniazid rifampicin ethambutol pyrazinamidesodium paraaminosalicylate capreomycin第四十五章抗疟药氯喹奎宁本芴醇伯氨喹乙胺嘧啶chloroquinequininebenflumetol primaquine pyrimethamine第四十六章抗阿米巴病药及抗滴虫病药甲硝唑二氯尼特喹啉metronidazolediloxanide quinoline第四十七章抗血吸虫病药和抗丝虫病药毗喹酮 乙胺嗪 伊维菌素pyquiton diethylcarbamazine ivermectin第四十八章抗肠蠕虫药甲苯咪唑阿苯达唑mebendazolealbendazole第四十九章抗恶性肿瘤药甲氨蝶吟 5-氟尿嘧啶 阿糖胞苷 羟基脲 氮芥 环磷酰胺 丝裂霉素 博莱霉素 喜树碱 长春碱 长春新碱methotrexate 5-fluorouracil cytarabine hydroxycarbamide chlormethine endoxan mitomycin bleomycin camptothecin vinblastin vincristin第五十章免疫调节药免疫调节药免疫抑制药免疫激活药免疫增强药环孢素抗淋巴细胞球蛋白左旋咪唑干扰素胸腺素immunomodulatorsimmunosuppressive agents immunostimu-lanyts immunopotentiating drugs ciclosporin antilymphocyte globulin levamisoleinterferonthymosin