四级真题阅读长难句分析

四级真题阅读长难句分析在大学英语四级考试的阅读理解中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较 多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。 理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。首先我们先来了解制造长句的几个要点一词汇：核心词汇+普通词汇二语法结构1. 从句：定语、同位语、表语、宾语、状语2. 并列结构3. 插入语4. 倒装5. 强调6. 省略：分词作定语，独立主格结构二、总结一一难句分析步骤1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。2、如果是简单句，首先确定主谓结构；接着确定宾语和宾语补足语（如有的话）；然后确定定语 和状语等次要成分，即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。按照所确定的各个成分，给出全句 大意（可用翻译法）。译文意思应当通顺，并和上下文意义基本吻合。如意义出入较大，文理不 通，则分析可能有误，这时应考虑重新进行句子结构分析。3、如果是并列句，首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句；接着按照简单句的分析方 法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后将全句综合考虑。4、如果是复合句，首先找出从属连词并确定出主句，这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词 在句中的确切含义；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后确定从句 的性质，即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构；最后整体考虑全句大意，尤其要注意对修饰语的 判断是否准确。1.Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. （2009 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Scott Hahn says。high-quality sustainablefind为says的宾语。which引导的非限制性定语 从句 which uses all-organic cotton 修饰的是 Rogan and Loomstate。cofounder with Gregory 为 Scott Hahn 的同位语。【译文】Scott Hahn与Gregory同为使用全有机棉的Rogan和Loomstate公司的创始人，他声称，高质量的可持续使用面料仍 然很难寻觅到。2.Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says. （2009 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Most designersare finding。there aren tused to为省略了 that的宾语从句。that引导 的定语从句 that can just replace修饰 fabrics。what 引导的两个宾语从句 what you re doing 和 what your customers are used to 作replace的宾语。【译文】他说，“大多数现有品牌设计师发现，并没有匹配的面料能代替你正用着的和顾客们已经适应的面料。”3.Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs （企业家） who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections a re at least 25% sustainable. （2009 年 6 月）【分析】 本句为复合句，主干为 Designers & Agents stopped chargingand gave special recognition0 who引导的定语从句 who attend itsYork修饰 entrepreneurs，whose 引导的定语从句 whose collections aresustainable 修饰 designers。【译文】去年，颇具影响力的Designers & Agents对参加其在洛杉矶和纽约举办的两次春季展览的年轻环保企业家们实行免费 入场，同时给予那些作品中包括至少四分之一可持续产品的设计师们以特别表彰。4.This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional （ 过渡型 的）cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. （2009 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主干为 Wal-Mart is set to announce a initiative。aimedorganic为后置定语，修饰initiative。冒号 后的句子it will buyprices即initiative的内容，相当于initiative的同位语从句。helping tosustainable作伴随状语。【译文】本周沃尔玛特打算宣布一大重要举措，旨在帮助种植棉花的农民走有机种植之路：它将以稍高价收购过渡型的棉花， 以此帮助扩大一种主要的可持续使用面料的供应量。5.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand （缕）of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims. （2009 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Scientists have devised a way。a technique为a way的同位语。where引导的宾语从句where lived作determine的宾语。usinghair为现在分词作方式状语。that引导的定语从句that-victims修饰technique。【译文】科学家已经设计出一个方法，凭借人的一缕头发便能大致确定某人曾经居住过的地点，这项技术可能能够帮助跟踪 锁定犯罪嫌疑人或不明身份案件受害人的活动场所。6.Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. （2009 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Todd Parksaid。a local detective为Todd Park的同位语。the method has为省略了引导词 that的宾语从句，该宾语从句中又包含一个由whose引导的定语从句whose skeletonLake，修饰的是woman。【译文】当地的侦探Todd Park说这个方法帮助他了解到关于一具在大盐湖附近发现的不明身份女尸骸的更多信息。7.He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “ untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. （2009 年 6 月）【分析】 本句为复合句，主干为 He had aresume and gaveresponses, but the factsaid untrustworthyso she decided。 从句that he never looked her in the eye为the fact的同位语。and连接He的两个谓宾，but表转折，so则表结果。【译文】这位应试者的履历非常完美，并且对她的问题回答得不错，但是，他不敢正视她这一事实意味着“不值得信赖”， 因此她决定把工作留给第二个候选人。8.When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed （ 有缺陷的）or contrary to our fundamental values.（2009 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主句为we begin to realize，从句为When引导的时间状语从句When weetc.。主句中包括一个由 that引导的宾语从句that somevalues，作realize的宾语。从句中包含了一个由what引导的宾语从句what we think，作 challenge的宾语；而think后又带了一个省略引导词的宾语从句we have learned frometc.。【译文】当我们开始质疑自己的假设，并且向那些我们认为是从我们的过去、媒体、同辈、家人、朋友等那里学到的东西发 出挑战的时候，我们就开始意识到我们的结论有些是有缺陷的，或者说与我们的基本价值是相违背的。9.We need to train ourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us, cre ating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone. （2009 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主干为We need to。to后带了三个并列的不定式，分别是train ourselves to think，shift our mindsets 和realize，而that引导的宾语从句that diversity opensus则作realize的宾语。creatingcommunities作伴随状语，该状语中 又包括一个由that引导的定语从句that benefit everyone,修饰的是opportunities。【译文】我们需要训练自己用不同的思维方式去思考，转变我们的思维，并且意识到多元化的大门向我们每一个人开放，这 样就能创造机会，使组织和社区中的每一个人都受益。10.They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, Geez, if it could happen to him, （2008 年 12 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主句为They only come in,从句为when引导的时间状语从句。从句中包含两个由and连接的并列结 构a friend drops dead和they think。Geez为think的宾语，该宾语的省略号里其实省略了与it could happen to him结 构对应的 it could happen to me too。【译文】某个朋友在打高尔夫时猝死，他们会想：天啊，如果这能在他身上发生，只有这个时候他们才会来（医院）。11.He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. （2008年 12 月）【分析】 本句为复合句，主干为 He believesdiseasescould be addressed。that引导的定语从句that commonly affect men 修饰 most diseaseso by preventive check-ups 为 be addressed 的方式状语。【译文】他相信，那些经常感染男性的疾病大多数都可以通过预防性的检查来处理掉。12.Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, coworkers, strangers 一 and anyone who will listen. （2008年 12 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Shoppers seldom complain tobut will alert。破折号在这里起到强调或引起别人注意破折 号后面要说的话的作用。在破折号后，who引导的定语从句who will listen修饰的是anyone。【译文】顾客很少向经理或者零售店的老板投诉，相反，他们会转而向他们的朋友、亲戚、同事、陌生人一一以及任何可以 听到的人吐苦水。13.This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space. （2008 年 12 月）【分析】 本句为简单句，主干为 This guidance eliminated the needand avoided confrontation，。eyeing the same parking space 为现在分词作后置定语，修饰thoseo【译文】这些引导消除了顾客在停车场无尽地兜圈子的必要，而且避免了顾客之间因抢占空车位而引发的冲突。14.Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filling complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. （2008 年 12 月）【分析】本句为简单句，主干为 Customers canimproveexperiences。方式状语 by filling complaints to the retailer 修饰 improve future shopping experiences。instead of 表示否定，其前后成分结构一致，complaining 前其实省略了 by。【译文】顾客也可以通过向零售商投诉来改善今后的购物体验，而不是向全世界其他的人抱怨。15.A code of conduct is hard to create when you re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.（2008 年 12 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主句为A code of conduct is hard to create，从句为when引导的时间状语从句when you re livinglast。 从句中又包括两个由介词in加which引导的定语从句in which everyone issleep和in which nicelast，先行词均为a world。【译文】当你生活在一个每个人都因加班工作、缺乏睡眠而筋疲力尽的社会，在一个好人最后总是吃亏的社会时，很难创造 出一套行为准则。16.This jumping to our children s defence is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells ” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people s children. （2008 年 12 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主干为jumping to our children s defence is part of。what引导的宾语从句what fuelsfeelings 作of的宾语。that引导的定语从句that surroundschildren修饰feelingo【译文】这种对孩子的急切保护，加剧了我们在处理别人孩子的事情时，那种“在蛋壳上行走”的感觉。17.Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you ll die on average five years before a woman. （2008 年 12 月）【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为you ll die。Assumingterm为条件状语。about 78 years for men in Australia作插入 语，是对natural term的解释说明，去掉后，句子的语法结构和语义仍完整。【译文】假定你有幸活到了生命的自然尽头在澳大利亚男性大概是78岁你平均也要比女性早去世五年。18.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker s cough for a year. （2008 年 12 月）【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man。who引导定语从句，修饰a 50-year-old man。delay后常接动 名词，表示“推迟做某事”。smoker s cough指吸烟引起的咳嗽。【译文】两个月前，古丽塔遇见一位50岁的男人，他耽搁了一年而未对吸烟引起的咳嗽做任何处理。19.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School. （2008年 12 月）【分析】本句为并列复合句。when引导时间状语从句,according to是介词短语conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School 作后置定语修饰a study。the last one to do sth.意为“最后一个做某事的人”。【译文】据沃德集团和沃顿商学院所做的一份联合调查显示，商店经理总是最后一个接到投诉，并且通常是当他们的常客决 定定期光顾他们的竞争对手时才发现。20.“ Retailers who re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who arent so friendly,” said Professor Stephen Hoch. （2008 年 12 月）【分析】本句中的直接引语为复合句。句子主干为Retailers are more likely to smooth over issues than those, morethan是比较 级结构。第一个who引导的定语从句修饰Retailers，第二个who引导的定语从句修饰those。【译文】史提芬霍克教授说：“与那些态度不友好的零售商相比，能够及时作出反应且态度友好的零售商更有可能平息事 端。”21.But the real truth is that we don t know enough to relieve global warming, and 一 without major technological breakthroughs 一 we can t do much about it. （2008 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主干为the real truth is thatthat从句为is的表语，在该表语从句有两个由and连接的简单句we don t knowwarming 和 we can t do much about it。两个破折号之间的内容是对 we can t do much about it 的原因解释。【译文】但真相是，我们对缓解全球变暖知道的还不够多，并且一一没有较大的技术突破一一我们仍将束手无策。22.We need economic growth unless we condemn the world s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else s living standards. （2008 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主句为We need economic growth,从句为unless引导的条件状语从句。在从句中，we有两个由and 连接的谓宾：condemnpoverty 和 freezestandards。【译文】我们需要经济增长，除非我们迫使世界上的穷人继续穷困潦倒，不提高他们的生活水平。23.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it s really an engineering one. （2008 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主干为The troubleis that。that引导的表语从句that it has becomeone作is的表语，该表语从 句中又包括一个由when引导的时间状语从句when it s really an engineering one。【译文】全球变暖的争论很伤脑筋的地方在于，全球变暖其实是一个技术问题，但在现在的争论中已经变成了一个道德问题。24.Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked. （2008年6月）【分析】本句为复合句，主句主干为they will see you,从句为Whoever引导的让步状语从句Whoever it is。in a way为see you 的方式状语。you never intended to be seen为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰的是way。破折号在这里起解释说明的作用，解 释前面的句子。【译文】无论是谁，他们都会以一种你所不愿意被看到的方式来看你一一21世纪就好像是一个被人裸视的时代。25.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. （2008 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Psychologists tell us。us后接了两个宾语从句，第一个宾语从句为boundaries are healthy， 省略了引导词that；第二个宾语从句为that引导的that it stimes。按照规则，若动词后跟两个由that引导的宾语从句， 第一个宾语从句可省略引导词，但第二个宾语从句的引导词必须出现，不能省略。【译文】心理学家告诉我们，隐私界线是健康的，在某些阶段，某个合适的时间，向朋友、家人和爱人展现你自己很重要。26.Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths （收费站）to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements.（2008 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主干为 Few people turn down a discount。at tollbooths 为地点状语。to avoid using the EZ-Pass system 为不定式作状语。that 引导的定语从句 that can track automobile movements修饰 the EZ-Pass system。【译文】很少有人会拒绝使用在收费站能打折的易通收费系统，该系统能够追踪汽车的行车路线。27.Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon （优惠券）.（2008 年 6 月）【分析】 本句为复合句，主干为 Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests。Privacy economist 作 Alessandro Acquisti 的定语。 that引导的定语从句that reveal peoplecoupon修饰的是a series of tests。to在这里表目的。【译文】隐私权经济学家Alessandro Acquist 1做了一系列测试，测试显示，人们会为了得到少得可怜的50美分优惠券而轻易 地就将像社会保险号码这样的个人信息提供出来。28.When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? you can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. （2008 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句，主句主干为you can understand the power，从句为when引导的时间状语从句When you consider Millionaire?。从句中又包含一个由that引导的宾语从句that nearlyMillionaire?,作consider的宾语。【译文】当你考虑到几乎每四个美国人中就有三个看过电视游戏节目谁想成为百万富翁？，你就会明白电视在与大量的 观众交流方面的巨大威力了。29.Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn t we won t do much about it. （2008 年 6 月）【分析】本句为并列句。句子主干为Global warming,but we won tabout it。regardless of意为“不管，不顾”；whether it is or isn t中的it指代的是并列连词but前的句子。【译文】不管全球变暖是否是21世纪最大的环境危机，我们都不会为之倾注太多。30.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth”, as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. （2008 年 6 月） 【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth”。as if意为“仿佛/好像 似的”，引 导方式状语从句时谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。put us on a path to a solution意为“找到解决之道”。【译文】阿尔戈尔将全球变暖称作一个“不愿面对的真相”，好像仅仅认识到全球变暖便能找到解决之道似的。31.The digital bread crumbs（碎 屑）you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. （2008 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为The crumbs make it easy0 make sth.+adj.+to do为固定用法；you leave everywhere为省略 了 that或which的定语从句；reconstruct后接了三个并列的宾语从句；digital bread crumbs为比喻用法，意为“数字碎屑”。【译文】你在任何地方留下的数字碎屑都会让陌生人很容易就重新构造出一个你来，知道你的身份，住所，和喜好。32.Only when it s gone do you wish you ve done more to protect it. （2008 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句。when it s gone为状语从句。Only在句首时，主句要部分倒装，即将助动词do提前。【译文】当你失去时，你才会希望自己原来能够多做点事情以保护好它。33.But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability. （2007年 12 月）【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干是the opening has made universities a powerful force。动名词opening作主语，of后面都是 定语，在这里a powerful force是宾语universities的补语。at the same time是时间状语。【译文】但是同时，世界各国对商品、服务、信息，尤其是人员的跨境开放，已经使大学成为加速全球一体化进程、增进互 相了解和促进地缘政治稳定的一股强大力量。34.Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students. （2007年 12 月）【分析】本句为并列句，but连接两个并列的简单句。句子主干为Objections led to improvements and a reversal, but the United States is still seen as unwelcoming。第一个分句的谓语是led to，其后有两个由and连接的并列宾语，分别是improvements和 a reversalo第二个分句里的as是副词，连接补语。【译文】尽管在美国大学校长和商界领袖们的反对之下，签证程序有所改进，留学生人数开始回升，但美国依然给许多人留 下了不欢迎外国留学生的印象。35.In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self -consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative （合作的）research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity. （2007年 12 月）【分析】本句为复合句。主句主干为universities have becomeglobal。In response to连接方式状语，其中包含了一个that 引导的定语从句，修饰forces，that在从句中作主语。冒号后面的部分是三个并列的现在分词作状语，解释说明前面的句子。 在第一个分词结构里包含了一个who引导的定语从句，修饰studentso在最后一个分词结构里也有一个that引导的定语从句， 修饰 courses of study。【译文】作为对推进世界经济力量的回应，大学变得更加具有“自我全球意识”：大学从世界各地招来承载多元文化和价值 观的学生；大学把本校学生派往国外准备开拓全球事业；大学还通过开设课程，共同应对来自互相联系的世界及为了全人类 的利益发展科学而展开的联合研究带来的多重挑战。36.Yale professor and Harvard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai s Fudan University in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. （2007 年 12 月）【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为Tian Xu directs a research center。主语前面的部分都是它的同位语，说明身份。focused on 作后置定语修饰 research center； at Shanghai s Fudan University 是地点状语；in collaboration with则是方式状语。【译文】由徐天教授（耶鲁大学教授，霍华德休斯医学院研究员）所负责的人类疾病遗传学研究中心坐落在上海的复旦大学， 其工作人员由耶鲁和复旦两所大学共同派人组成。37.In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. （2007年 12 月）【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为changes causedand。caused有两个并列宾语，分别是decline和surge。seeking是 现在分词作定语修饰 students。【译文】“911事件”之后，签证程序的调整导致注册美国大学的外国学生人数急剧下降。而同一时期前往澳大利亚、新加 坡和英国留学的外国学生人数却迅猛增长。38.While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi （课程大纲）,reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail.（2007 年 12 月）【分析】本句为复合句。主句主干为DL signifies a course。主句中的in which引导定语从句，对course进行解释说明，其中 instructors和students是并列成分。While意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句；从句中的offered为过去分词做后置定 语，修饰 instruction。【译文】虽然各个大学提供的网络课程不尽相同，但是远程教学通常会把课程公开，教师会把课程大纲、阅读任务和课程安 排上传到网站上，学生们则通过电子邮件提交作业。39.Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters,conflicts and endings for her tales. （2007 年 12 月）【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为I offered suggestionsoTelling myselfhall为伴随状语，that引导宾语从句；guiding the young writer across the hall 为现在分词作后置定语，修饰 writero that 后的从句可改写为 I was merely an experienced writer who are guiding the young writer across the hallo【译文】我一次次地告诫自己，这只是一个有些经验的作家在指导一个小作家成长而已，关于她的故事中的人物、冲突和结 尾我都提供了一些建议。40.While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putt ing myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. （2007 年 12 月）【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为it was a step。While意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。主句中，it指代stepping back, that引导定语从句，that在从句中作follow的宾语，即a good first step； putting myself far enough away是现在分词作伴随状语， to give herif asked 是目的状语。【译文】虽然坐视不管对我来说并非易事，但这确实是一个不错的开始。我会继续这样做，让自己和她保持足够的距离，给 她空间，但同时又离她很近，以便在她寻求帮助的时候伸出援手。41.Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social issues related to chronic pain. （2007年 6 月）【分析】 本句为并列复合句。句子主干为 Not only do we evaluate the cause, but we also help provide therapy。Not onlybut also连接两个并列句，否定词组not only在句首，句子要部分倒装。在第一个分句里，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 第一个分句，which在从句中作主语。在第二个分句里，related to作后置定语修饰issues。【译文】我们不仅要找出疼痛的病因，帮助我们更好地治疗；还提供综合疗法，治疗与慢性疼痛相关的抑郁症和其他心理与 社交问题。42.Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don t talk about that anymore. （2007 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为a sentence came out of my mouth。在句中用了全部倒装结构“介词短语+谓语+主语”。that 引导定语从句修饰a sentence，其在定语从句中作主语。冒号后面的部分是对sentence的解释说明，作同位语。【译文】后来几年前的一天，我说了一句话并最终成为我对任何和全部挑衅的回答：关于那个问题我再也不讨论了。43.The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing. ” （2007 年6月）【分析】本句为复合句。句子的主干为The practice is。that引导定语从句，先行词为practice， that在从句中充当主语。of trying to edit as you write 修饰 bad habits，其中 as 引导时间状语从句。what 引导的表语从句 what Elbow calls “free writing” 为is的表语。【译文】这种可以帮助你克服在写作的同时就试图修改的坏习惯的做法便是Elbow所说的“自由式写作”。44.While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.（2007 年 6 月）【分析】本句为复合句。主句主干为they cannot work，从句为While引导的让步状语从句While you need to employ both to get to a finished result。在主句中包含一个由no matter how引导的让步状语从句。in parallel为介词短语作状语，修饰work。【译文】虽然你需要同时运用这两种思维来写作，但无论你的愿望多么强烈，它们都不能同时产生作用。45.Unlike physical energy, which is limited and diminishes with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringings. （2006 年 12 月）【分析】本句为复合句。主句为emotional energyupbringings。unlike是介词，unlike physical energy作主句的比较状语。 which引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明physical energyo【译文】体力是有限的并随着年龄增长而减退，与体力不同，情感力量是无限的，跟遗传和后天培养没关系。46.“Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. （2006 年 12月）【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为“Wellness” may b