非谓语动词表格形式

.-非谓语动词一动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形（这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无词义）否定：not+(to+)动词原形2.动词不定式的句法功能功能主语表语宾语宾补定语状语例句说明To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy作主语用的不定式，常常用it 作形式主for us to speak English.语，而把不定式放在后面，其结构为:It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式My work is to clean the room every day.=To clean多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为the room every day is my work.作主语What sports does he like to play?He likes to play basketball.My mother made me play the piano all the time.Have you got anything to say?Im sorry to trouble you.只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语在 make,let,see,hear,watch 等使役动词后，不定式省略 to不定式做定语，要放在所修饰词的后面不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致1.to do 作主语常用 it 作形式主语例：To learn English well is useful.It is useful（for us）to learn English well.注意注意：在 kind,good,nice,clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for 而用 of.2.一些表示命令，打算或希望的动词后只接动词不定式作宾语：would like,like（想要）,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,except等。例：Would you like too see a film this evening?3.在 find,think 后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。例：I find it easy to read English every day.4.常见的一些不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语Why not do,why don t you do,had better(not)do,would rater do,could/would/will you please(not)do例：I would rather stay in the room.5.一些使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾语，但to 要省略。一感（fell）、二听（hear,listen to）、三让（let/make/let）、四看（look at,see,watch,notice）、五帮助（help）,但变为被动语态是必须加上但变为被动语态是必须加上 to.to.例：My friends were made to were made to work the whole night by the boss.6.不定式常和疑问词 what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。二动名词1.动名词的构成：动词原形+-ing2.动名词的句法功能.可修编-.-功能主语宾语动词宾语介词宾语例句Eating too much is bad for your health.I like playing basketball very much.Stamps are used for sending letters.说明谓语动词用单数形式表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性动作表语定语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps=多数情况下，动名词作表语可装换成Collecting stamps is his hobby.做主语She is in the reading room.只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。至置于所修饰词之前常跟动名词作宾语的词：完成实践值得忙（finish,practice,be worth,be busy）继续习惯别放弃（keep on,be used to,give up）考虑建议不禁想（consider,suggest,cant help,feel like）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）三分词1.构成：动词+-ing动词+-ed2.分词的句法功能功能定语例句Do you know the girl standing under the tree?Please hand in your written exercise.说明现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语就是它所修饰的词。状语The students went out of the classroom,talking and分词的逻辑主语是句子的主laughing.语Seen from the hill,out school looks more beautiful.The situation is encouraging.The boy is too frightened to move.现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态（也就是我们常说的人用-ed，物用-ing.）现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系）表语补足语Dont keep us waiting for a long time.I heard him singing in the classroom.Hell have his hair cut after school.四易混清单1.动词后接不定式和动名词的区别stop to do sth.停下来去做stop doing sth.停止做remember to do sth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事（动作已发生）.可修编-.-forget to do sth.忘记做某事（动作未发生）Forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（动作已发生）try to do sth.努力去做某事Try doing sth.试着去做某事go on to do sth.做完一件事，接着去做另一件事go on doing sth.继续不停地做某事allow doing sth.允许做某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾（未做）Regret doing sth.对做过的事感到遗憾，后悔（已做）mean to do sth.打算，想做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事二 现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别我们常见的动词有 see,watch,notice,hear,feel,have 等，它们接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的经常性的动作；接现在分词做宾补，表示动作正在进行着。例：I heard him singing in the classroom.(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.(“唱”这个动作已经结束)三 Need,require,want 做“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于加不定式的被动式。例：The window needs cleaningcleaning.The window needs to be cleaned to be cleaned.want to be done=want doingneed to be done=need doingrequire to be done=require doing四现在分词与过去分词的区别1.在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动（修饰人用-ed，修饰物用-ing）。例：the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息a surprised man一个感到惊讶的人2.在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已近完成的动作。例：the developing country发展中国家the developed country 发达国家五注意下列“to”是介词，不是动词不定式。make(a)contribution(s)to 为作贡献devote to 献身，致力于look forward to 期盼，盼望prefer to两者间更喜欢be used to 习惯.;适应.可修编-.-1.Granny often tells us _ water in our daily life.A.saveB.savingC.to saveD.saves2.Richard turned off the puter after he had finished _the email.A.writeB.to writeC.writingD.wrote3.Before going to the History Museum,our teacher told us _ the public rules.A.obeyB.to obeyC.obeyingD.obeyed4.James,Im too tired.Lets stop _ a rest.A.havingB.haveC.to havingD.to have5.We can use QQ to chat with other on the Internet.Really?Will you please show me _it?A.how to useB.what to useC.how can I useD.what can I use6.Wheres your brother now,Bob?I saw him _in the street a moment ago and I told him _.A.playing;dont do soB.playing;not do soC.play;to do so7.Hi,Steve!Our teachers told us_ an electric bike.Its too dangerous.Im sorry.I wont do it again.A.to rideB.not rideC.not to ride8.As teenagers,were old enough _ with housework.We can help set the table,wash thedishes and clean our own rooms.A.to helpB.helpingC.helped9.Mary dances best in our school.I agree.Ill never forget _ her dance for the first time.A.seeingB.to seeC.seeD.seen10.Chinese athletes did a great job in the Winter Olympics in Canada.It can encourage post-90s(90后)_.A.work hardB.worked harderC.working harderD.to work hard11.Dont forget _ an umbrella _you.Its going to rain.A.to take;toB.taking;toC.to take;withD.taking;with12.Nancy is really a hard working student.We often see her _ books in the classroom.A.readB.to readC.reads13.Are you going to the party_ at Smiths home this evening?I will if I am free.A.holdingB.heldC.to holdD.to be held14.Mrs.Smith made her students _ the positions three times a week.A.writeB.to writeC.writtenD.writing15.Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby _.A.to stop cryingB.stop cryingC.to stop to cryD.stop to cry16.We have two rooms _,but I cant decide _.A.to live;to choose which oneB.lived;choose which oneC.to lived in;which one to choseD.live;which one17.The teacher told the students _ any food into the puter room.可修编-.-A.not to bringB.not bringC.dont bringD.bring not18.At least 300 million people are using QQ _ by Ma Huateng to chat on line.A.creatB.createsC.creatingD.created19.The teacher asked Ben _ a difficult question in class.A.answerB.answeringC.to answerD.answered20.Youd better _ too much time playing puter games.A.dont spendB.not to spendC.to not spendD.not spend21.More and more young people are trying to do something _ the old.A.servedB.to serveC.serveD.serves22.Is Jack in the library?Maybe.I saw him _ out with some books just now.A.goingB.goC.to goD.went23 Dad,why should I stop _ puter games?For your health,my boy,Im afraid you_.A.to play;mustB.playing;have toC.to play;canD.playing;may24.Have you seen the TV playMy Ugly Mother?Yes,its well worth _.Its _ moving that Ive seen it twice.A.seeing;tooB.to see;enoughC.seeing;soD.to see;such25.Why not _ your teacher for help when you cant finish _ it by yourself?A.ask;writeB.to ask;writingC.ask;writingD.asking;writing26.If people _ cutting down the forest,they will have nowhere_.A.keep;to live inB.will keep;to live inC.keep;to liveD.will keep;to live27.His parents often encourage him _ hard.A.workB.workingC.to workD.works28.Last week I met my old friend Li Ming but I forgot _ him for his telephone number.A.askB.askingC.and askD.to ask29.Last weekend I went to the library _ some books on how to protect environment.A.to borrowB.borrowC.borrowedD.borrowing30.How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?It makes me _ very proud.A.feltB.to feelC.feelingD.feel31.The boy promised _ late for school again.A.to not beB.not to beC.not beingD.being not32.Its very nice_ pictures for me.A.of you do drawB.for you to drawC.for you drawingD.of you drawing33.China will spend about 52 billion yuan _ new airports and _ old ones in the west ofChina in the 11th Five Year Plan period.(时期)A.repairing;buildingB.to build;repairC.building;repairingD.to repair;build34.There are so many kinds of pens here.I cant decide _.A.when to chooseB.to choose whichC.which one to choose35.What about playing football this afternoon,Sam?I would rather _ at home than _ football.its too hot outside.A.stay;playingB.stay;playC.to stay;to playD.to stay;playing36.It took Li Ming an hour _ his bike yesterday.可修编-.-A.to repairB.repairingC.repairedD.repair37.Its important _ the piano well.A.of him to playB.for him to playC.of him playingD.for him playing38.My job is _ you Japanese.A.to teachB.teachC.teachesD.taught39.The doctor _ a _ boy yesterday.A.had saved;dyingB.saved;deadC.has saved;deadD.saved;dying40.Would you mind _me how _ English words?A.tell;to rememberB.telling;rememberC.telling;to rememberD.tell;remember答案：15 CCBDA2125 BBBCC.610 BCAAD2630 CCDAD1115 CADAB3135 BACCB1620CADCD3640ABADC可修编-