《口译笔记符号》PPT课件

口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。记录分为“脑记脑记”和“笔记笔记”两种。人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。一、做口译笔记时的注意事项 1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf(compare),Co(company),eg(for example),etc(and so on),esp(especially),ie(that is),max(maximum),min(minimum),ref(reference),std(standard),usu(usually),等。二、常用速记符号 速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的 笔记符号state,kingdom,country,nation,national,federalcity,metropolis,cosmopolis,metropolitan,urban,municipal village,farm,outskirt,countryside,suburban,rural areas 右上角：人右下角：地方、地名、机构一.图形符号citizen,urban residents/inhabitantsfamer,peasant,rancher,agriculturist领导，监督;顶点，顶级，最 lead,supervise,head,peak,top,supreme,utmost,maximum,climaxuniversal,worldwide,international,transnational,global,transcontinental,all over the world,across boundaries多国，其他国家 other countries国民经济 national economydomestic,native,internal,interior,at home foreign,overseas,abroad,alien,exotic,out of the country,beyond seas,in the foreign landin and out of the country,at home and abroad进口 import出口 export进出口 import&export飞行员 pilot飞机场 airport中国人 Chinese people经济实体 economic entity金融机构 financial institutionboss,leader,chairman,ruler,chief,manager,president,majesty,governor,director,supervisor,monitor国家领导人，政府首脑 state leader 广场 square,plaze 宏观调控，macro-control首都 capital city 重要 important,significant,key,critical,crucial,essential,vital,eventful,principal,core,of great importance/significance/consequence3.主要 main,chief,primary,major,dominant,overwhelming 4.精彩 wonderful,terrific,splendid,fantastic,marvelous 2.杰出 great,well-known,outstanding,remarkable,excellent,perfect,brilliant,distinguished,notable,eminent,promising,prominent,prestigious,glorious,noteworthy,5.强调 emphasize,focus,underline,underscore stress,highlight,spotlight,accentuatefocus on,lay emphasis/stress on attach importance to,pay attention tothe most important 特点，特色，特征mark,feature,character,symbol,sign,characteristic,specialitypeculiarity,attribute2.代表represent,symbolize,typify,stand for,on behalf of 整体，全部，总共whole,all,total,entire,complete,overall general,universal,integral,gross,intact,on the whole,all in all2.团结，统一，团聚united,unification,gather,get together所有国家所有人，人民群众主权和领土完整sovereignty and territorial integrity 会议meeting,forum,session,seminar,conference,symposium,committee,association,parliament,council峰会summit(meeting)关联 link to,connect with,relate to,associate with2.替代replace,displace,supplant,substituteinstead of,take the place of 交流，交换exchange,interact,communicate2.关系interaction,relation,relationshippartnership双边关系，bilateral relationship多边关系，multilateral relationship举杯，协议toast,agreement,treaty,contractConvention,revolution双边协议，bilateral agreement多边协议，multilateral agreement发展，develop,development发达的，developed发展中的，developing 开始begin,start,initiate,open,originate,launch,pioneer commence,inaugurate2.形成，产生，出现establish,found,create,appear,emerge,occur,come out,break out,come into being/existence 3.医疗卫生Red Cross,hospital,medical care medical institution禁止，结束end,conclude,complete,cease,stop,close,terminate,expire,halt,over,pause,turn off,switch off,break upmake an end of,bring to an end,bring to a conclusion道路，方法method,way,road,means,measureapproach,manner,access,route,coursemode,by means of,by way of 歪曲twist,distortion of fact2.困难，挫折difficulty,hardship,trouble,painful,tough,frustration,setback远 far away近 near,close台阶，进步step by step,progress,advancemake progress过去，历史in the past,history昨天 yesterday上个月 last month去年 last year前所未有的，unprecedented很久以前，long before未来，将要,in the future改变，变化 change,transform果实，成果fruit,result,accomplishment achievement（使）消失，废除delete,exclude,dismiss,erasedisappear,vanish,extinct,remove abolish,get rid of,wipe out2.破坏，推翻，剥夺destroy,ruin,collapse,overthrowdemolish,deprive,4.倒闭，下岗 bankrupt,lay off,resign,retire5.死亡，已故的kill,murder,die,pass away,the late 6.解决，达到，实现overcome,settle,solve,address,realize,achieve,accomplish,fulfill3.抛弃abandon,desert,discard二.人体行为符号 smile,happy,glad,pleased,excitedin a good moodunhappy,sad,unsatisfied,angry,in a bad moodQ1.说 tell,state,announce,express,claim,address,declare,argue,vow,explain,Introduce,report2.评论 comment,remark,evaluateappraise,review开罗宣言，Cairo Manifesto赞扬 speak highly of,praise批评 criticize众说纷纭，若干说法various opinions改革开放reform and opening up爱，关心love,concern,care about吓唬，威胁scare,threaten1.听,listen to 2.开放,be open to:看 observe,view,glance,stare,noticeglimpse,scan,skim,witness,gaze2.想think,consider,regard,conceiveponder,suppose,imagine,meditatespeculate,contemplate3.揭示，显示show,suggest,indicate,reveal,discover,reflect 1.来 come2.收到 receive3.需要，缺少 need,require,want,be short of,4.邀请，应邀 invite,on invitation 愿意接受 accept with pleasure1.卖 sell2.获利 make a profit 去，到 go 引起，导致 result in,lead to1.买 buy 2.投资 invest增加；上升；完善；繁荣increase,heighten,enhance,grow,lift soar,rise,raise,elevate,ascendflourish,advance,update,improveprosperity,boost,give boost to,go up减少，降低，贬值decrease,decline,reduce,descenddiminish,fall,drop,sink,lowerrelieve,weaken,lessen,deteriorate devalue,degrade,depreciate,discountgo down,fall off1.很，非常 deeply,very,quite,awfully2.深远的 profound,far-reaching 推动，促进，有助于promote,strengthen,encouragestimulate,facilitate,reinforcestrive,push,urge,stir,forceaccelerate,drive,prompt,propelgive impetus to,carry forward阻碍，推迟obstacle,postpone,delay,restrain withdraw,discourage,curb,hamperhinder,barrier,bar,encumber,put offstand in ones way,hold back,draw back冲突，矛盾，分歧，争议conflict,contradictiondifference,dispute越来越 increasing,growing,more and more越来越大 bigger and bigger越来越多 more and more压力，影响pressure,burden,load,stress,impact,influence,effect,affectexert influence on,have effect on迄今为止so far,up to now,till now四.标点符号 多 numerous,countless,enormous abundant,various,mass,uncountableinnumerable,considerable,substantial a series of2.持续，继续，一直last,continue,remain,maintainpersist,still,continuous everlasting,eternal,permanent,constant,frequent,always,endless,all along,keep on,go on3.信息点的弱化4.信息的省略and so on在某种程度上to some degree不那么重要not so important1.危险，警告，当心dangerous,hazardous,jeopardy warning,alarming,alertin danger,watch out 2.加强语气：务必，一定，当然sure,certainly,of course老实说，说实在的 to be frank,to tell you the truth 问题，疑问question,problem,perplexity,issue,puzzle,mystery,ask,inquiry,queryinterrogate,confused,bewildered2.所有疑问句以“？”开头来记录百分比，percent“”引用（理论，名言等）邓小平理论Dengxiaoping theories红楼梦 A Dream in Red Mansions The Stroy of the Stone 书由组成，包括，容纳contain,comprise,cover,includeenclose,involve,embrace,be made up of,consist of 用于记录状语五.数学符号因为，由于，幸亏because,due to,thanks to所以，因此，结果是so,therefore,that is whyconsequently和，另外，多plus,and,add,more than,besides,moreover,in addition另外五十 another fifty五十多 more than fifty更少 fewer 减去，负增长 minus除了 except 相同，一致 the same as 公平 fair,equal,justice 比作 compareto 符合 be consistent with be in agreement with comply with不赞同，不平等，有差距，不符合disagree,unfair,difference,disparity不符合事实not comply with the fact大约，大概about,almost,nearly等于说，也就是说that is to say,in other words1.大于，超过surpass,exceed,more than superior to2.供过于求 supply exceeds demand过热 overheated 少于，低于less than,inferior to2.供不应求 demand exceeds supply总和 sum属于 belong to 错的，不好的，负面的wrong,mistake,fault,bad,negativenotorious2.否决 veto 不称霸 not seek hegemony 对的，好的，积极的correct,good,positive,affirmative 2.支持，善于，有利于support,be good at,in the interest of3.认可，批准endorse,ratify,confirm,approve 文文中中立立六.中文文化，文学，文明culture,literature,civilization中国Peoples Republic of China立场，position(一）中文字 力力儿儿 大大力量，能力，权力power,strength,force,ability,capability儿童,childrenbig,huge,great,vast,gianttremendous,immense,spacious,extensive,massive,capacious市市市场，market（二）偏旁部首学习 study,learn家 family,home快，迅速soon,rapid,swift,speedy quick,prompt组织 organize,structure,tissue建设 build,construct措施 measure饭，食物meal,rice food餐馆，饭店 restaurant疾病 illness,disease,ailment,sick病人 patient军事，军队military,army,troop管理 management,administration健康 healthfu(三)拼音字母感谢 thank,appreciate称霸，霸权主义hegemony,seek hegemony贡献 contribution腐败 corruption七.谐音仅仅 just,merely,only,nothing more thannot only环境 environment,surroundings,settingcircumstance,condition,background八 化学符号Fe铁 ferrum,iron铁路 railway九 生物 女性 woman,female男性 man,male十 地图标识学校 教育十一 英文（一）英文字母bcd 但是 but,however,nevertheless 相信 believe,trust世纪 century日子，今天day,today efgh经济 economy金融 finance政府 government1.希望 hope2.小时，hourImM我 I,me 1.月 month2.分钟 minute管理 managementn多 many,much,multi-p1.政治，政党，政权，政策politics,party,power,policy2.部门 department,section,ministry外交部 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs生产，产品produce,manufacture,productrR改革 reform1.权利 right2.公路 road高速公路 expressways1.科学 science2.社会 society3.自从 since社会主义 socialism从那以后 from then ontR&D 时间,倍 time 想，认为 think技术 technology科技 science and technology高科技 high-tech研发 research and developmentuvwy你 you胜利，成功win,success,victory,triumph我们 we年 year（二）英文小写缩略alco虽然，尽管，即使 although,though,despitein despite of,even if,even though商业 business,commerce 公司 company,corporation,firmcom 社团 community财政 fiscal教育 education例如 for example,for instance insinfoinfra保险 insurance信息 information,message基础设施 infrastructure邀请 invitationnu核的 nuclear消息 news贸易 trade旅游 travel,tour,journey税 tax gymgraddocdemo利用 use,utilize,make use of体育馆 gymnasium毕业生 graduates医生，博士 doctor演示 demonstrateen经验，经历 experience效率 effective,efficiency尽快 as soon as impossible请 please能源 energy（三）英文大写缩略CPCSOEPC中国共产党 Communist Party of China国有企业state-owned enterprise1.个人电脑 personal computer2.记者招待会 press conferenceDPRKROK亚太地区 Asia-Pacific region 朝鲜 Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea韩国Republic of KoreaLRJCJVHR劳动力资源 labor resources联合公报 Joint Communique合资企业 Joint Venture 人权 human right 人力资源 human resourcesPESMESEZOK批准，认可 ratify,authorize计划经济 Planned Economy社会主义市场经济Socialist Market Economy经济特区 Special Economic Zone组织缩略&国家地区缩略UN联合国 United NationsUNESCOGATT联合国教科文组织United Nations Economic,Scientific,and Cultural Organization关贸总协定General Agreement on Tariffs and TradeAPECOPECEUWTO世界贸易组织World Trade Organization亚太经合组织the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation石油输出国家组织Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries欧盟 European UnionIMFAmUSUK国际货币基金组织International Monetary Fund美国 America,the United States英国 the United KingdomHKTWKr朝鲜，韩国 Korea香港 Hongkong台湾 Taiwan日本 JapanBJSHSZCS北京 Beijing上海 Shanghai深圳 Shenzhen长沙 Changsha（四）单词spynew（五）音标1.行动 act,action,activity2.计划，方案，项目program,project十二 货币符号￥1.美元 dollars2.钱 money1.人民币 RMB2.利益 interest,profit英镑 pound十三 其它符号 这，现在，现行，当前this,now,here,existing,modern current,nowadays,contemporaryat present2.基础 basis,basic,foundation,fundamental3.稳定 stability现行政策 本届政府和平与稳定保障，坚持，维护ensure,guarantee,safeguardinsist on,maintenance千 thousand一千 one thousand十四 关联词/路标词虽然但是因为所以不是而是不但而且ifI/bI/hI/tI/expI/est如果 if,provided that我相信 I believe我希望 I hope我认为 I think我期待 I expect我估计 I estimate